论雪莱的自由之路.docx

论雪莱的自由之路.docx

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论雪莱的自由之路

AnalysisofShelley'sFreedomRoad

论雪莱的自由之路

Abstract

TheEuropeanRevolutionbrokeoutin1848.Therewereimpoverishedpeoplewhostrivedforthefreedomeverywhere.Shelleyisrebelliouswhenheisachild.Hepursuestheindividualfreedom,thefreedomofthoughtwhichisthecommongoalofpeopleinhisera.Hemergesthetwointoawhole.Forthisreason,hehasenduredthepainsthattheordinarypeoplecouldnothavebeared.

Atfirst,thethesisintroducesthesocialcontext,thelivingcondition,andhischaracters.ItintroduceshislivingconditionsfromFieldPlace,theplacewherehewasborn,toIreland,toItaly,andtoRome.Thesearetheplaceshevisited,andalsoaretheroadofthedevelopmentofhismind.Andthenthethesisgivesanalysistosomeofhismasterpiecessuchas:

QueenMabwrittenin1813whichshowsthepathofhismentaldevelopment,andsymbolizesthebeginningofShelley’swriting.Asforhislaterworks,TheRevoltofIslamandTheCenciandPrometheusUnbound,theydemonstratethathetriestogiveananswerforthemuttonsbymeansofpoem.Hethinksthenaturecangivehiminspiration.Duringhislifetime,hewritesmanypoemsaboutthenature,forexample:

ToSkylark,OdetoWestWind,etc.Intheend,itcomestotheconclusionthatnomatterwhatdifficultyShelleyfaces,hedoesnotgiveupeasily.Heholdstohisconvictionsinhisentirelifetimeandneverchanges.

KeyWords：

Freedom;Progress;Poetry

摘　要

在1848年，欧洲革命四起，到处是贫困的人民，到处都是争取自由的斗争．雪莱从小就富于反抗精神．他本人追求人身的自由，思想的自由．而时代的目标也是追求人类的自由．他将两者融为一体．为此，他忍受了常人没有有过的痛苦，过着漂泊的一生．

在论文中,首先介绍的是引起雪莱心理变化发展的因素．从当时的社会环境，他自身的生活环境，以及他的个性性格进行分析，然后通过分析他的代表诗作去分析他的思想．具体从心理学的角度去分析作品中隐含的中心思想，以及同一时期作者本身的经历对作品创作本身的影响．主要介绍了生活背景,以时间为顺序,从菲尔德庄园,到爱尔兰,到意大利,再到罗马.这是他所走过的路,同时也是他的心里发展的一个过程.然后,我选择了他的一些代表作来进行分析.写于1813年的《麦布女王》是诗人写作生涯的真正开始.《伊斯兰的起义》、《钦起》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》,这三部作品都表明了诗人极力以诗歌的形式来对当前的问题做出回答.同时,作者本身还很热爱大自然.他认为自然可以给他灵感.诗人同样也作了很多关于自然的诗歌,比如:

《致云雀》.在论文里,我介绍了他的另一篇代表作《西风颂》.最后,得出结论:

不论遇到什么样的困难,雪莱都不轻易放弃.一生坚持他自己的信念一直没有改变过.

关键词：

自由；历程；诗歌

Content

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………5

I.HistoricalContext……………………………………………………………...…………………………5

II.TheLifeoftheRebelliousPoet……………………………………………………….…………………6

A.FieldPlace…………………………………………………………………………………………….6

B.PunishmenttotheAntitheist…………………………………………………………….……………7

C.TheMarriageinScotland……………………………………………………………………..………7

D.TheChristofIreland………………………………………………………………….………………7

E.TheRegenerationoftheGoddess………………………………………………………………..……8

F.TheAngelofPoorPeople………………………………………………………………………...…9

G.TheBrightSpringinRome……………………………………………………………………...……9

H.TheLastStorm………………………………………………………………………………………10

III.TheAnalysisofSomeofHisMasterPieces……………………………………………………..……10

A.TheRealBeginningofHisWriting---QueenMab………………………………………………..…10

B.ThePhilosophicalPoemoftheRevolutionaryStruggle---TheRevoltofIslam…………….………11

C.TheGloriousCarol---PrometheusUnbound………………………………………………...………13

D.TheRepresentativeWorkofRealism---TheCenci……………………………….…………………13

E．TheGeniusProphet---OdetoWestwind…………………………………………….……………14

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………...…15

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………..…………17

Introduction

Lifeispreciousandloveismerelyvaluable,yetforthesakeoffreedombothcanbesacrificed.

                                                 —Petofi

PercyByssheShelleywasbornonAugust4,1792,atFieldPlace,nearHorshaminSussex,intoanaristocraticfamily.Shelley,asapoet,isappraisedinGreatBritainEncyclopedialikethis,"atagreatpoetry'sage,hewritesthegreatestlovepoetry,thegreatesttragedy,thegreatestlyricpoetry,thegreatestelegypoetry,andmuchotherincomparablepoetry."

Shelleywritesmanypoemsinallhislife.Heputhiseyesonthegloriousfuturethroughthepoliticaldarknessandhisownbitter.Heaimsatbuildingaperfectworldthateverybodycouldenjoythefreedomandthehappiness.Afterhisdeath,hiswife,Mary,publishesmanyofhispoems.Atlast,Shelleybecomes"theheartofhearts"（theepitaphtoShelley）.Becausewhatheknowsandfeelsjustistheinnerfeelingoftheinnerheart.

GuoMoruospeaksveryhighlyofShelley,"Heisthechildofnature,theAtheism'sdisciple,thepioneerofrevolutionaryidea.Hispoetryishislife,andhislifeisawonderfulpoem.Thepoemwhichisnotwrittenwholeheartedlyisnotreallyapoem."

I.HistoricalContext

Leontiefhassaid,"theanalysisofanindividual’smentalprocessmostlydependsontheindividual’slivelihoodinthesocialconditionandparticularcondition."

InEngland,theIndustrialRevolutionchangesthesocietythoroughly（atthebeginningof19century）.Thesocietyisdividedintotwoparts.Onegroupisthenobility,thecapitalistandtheriches.Theothergroupisthepoorproletariat.Buttheproletariatisveryweak.Thenobilityholdsthepowerintheirhands. Underthecontrolofthereactionaryforces,theLaborMovementdoesnotstop.SotherecomesintobeingtheEnglandromanticliterature.

TheEnglandromanticliteraturefirstoriginatesinthepoetryfield,andtherepresentativesallarepoets.Becauseofadvocatingnaturalworld,andstressingemotion,andperusingideal,thenewtryingandsatisfyinggetanunprecedentedbroadfreespace.Aswellastherearemoretalentpoets,undertheirgreatefforts,thelanguageartgetintoabrandnewdevelopingstage.Especiallythelyricpoem,itgetsintotheunprecedentedmaturestate.

TheseromanticpoetsguidetheEnglandpoetrytothestageoftheheightsoftheworldliterature.ButthehighestachievementoflyricpoemsismadebyShelley.Heisacknowledgedasoneofthefewbestlyricpoets.Evenhisphilosophicpoem,narrativepoem,andhisprosealsoarefilledwithstrongemotion.

Shelleyisoneofthelearnedpersons（on19thcentury）.Heisbornwithasilverspooninhismouth,butshowscompassionforthepoorpeoplewhenheisachild.Heengagedinthepoliticalandsocialactivityenthusiasmbutfailed.Afterthat,heisforcedtomovetoItaly,andthen,becomesaprofessionalwriter.

DuringthetimeofstayinginItaly,healsopayscloseattentiontothepoliticalstruggleandsocialconditioninEnglandandsomeEuropeancountries.

II.TheLifeoftheRebelliousPoet

Inthenormalconditions,themainimpetusinproducingliteraryworkscomesfromtheareasoutsidetheliterature.Themostimportantcreationmoodisthesocialmood.Thesocialmoodiscausedbythesociallife,andthesocialcondition.

A. FieldPlace

PercyByssheShelleyisbornintoarichfamily.Hisfatherisaratherconservativememberofparliament,andfearsthenewidealikefearingfire.HismotheristhefamousbeautyinSussex.Shelley,likehismother,ishandsome,gentleandelegant.Buthismotherthinksthattheidealmanshallbestrongandelegant.Sohismotherdislikeshim.Inhischildhood,healwaysfeelsconstrained,bounded,depressedandalone.

Infrontofhishouse,therearethelargesquare,andgarden,andbigforest.Whenspringcomes,intheshadeofthegreen,thehouseissobeautiful.AndShelleyspendshischildhoodhere.

Theelegantnatureedifiesthepoet.Butthecriticalfamilyruleleaveshimwithafeelingofdeephurt.

B.PunishmenttotheAntitheist

HegoestoOxfordUniversitywhereheandaclosefriendwriteapamphletnamedtheNecessityofAtheism（in1810）.

EverytimehereturnstoFieldPlace,therewillbefullofhappiness.Butbeforehewritesthepamphlet,hehaswrittentohissistertopublicizetheAtheismidea,hismotherdoesnotallowherdaughterstocontactwithhimanymore.AndHarrietalsoisengagedherselftoanothergentleman.

Thesuddenchangesmakehimsuffergreatstrikeinspirit.Sowhenhereturnstouniversity,hewritesthepamphlet.

Afterthepublicationofthepamphlet,heandhisfriendareexpelled.Hisfatheralsobreaksoffalltheeconomysupplies.Thisisanothergreatblowtohim.Butforthegreatideas,hedoesnotlowerhisheadtohisfather.Fordefendingindividualdignityandfreedomofbelief,hepaysenormousprice.Deprivedeconomyisaintensecruellyoppressionthathecannotcontrol,anditmakeshimdreadfulanddespaired.

C. TheMarriageinScotland

Fordefendingindividualdignityandfreedomofbelief,hepaysenormousprice.SoShelleygoestoLondonandthenfallinlovewithayounggirl,HarrietWestbrook.ThegirlisattractedbyShelley'srevolutionaryideasanddoctrines.ShelleyconsidersHarrietastheincarnationoftheGoddess.Harrietalsojustpaysmoreattentiontohisfamilyandhismoney.Tohelptheunluckygirl,hedecidestoelopewithHarriet.TheygotoEdinburghandgetarunwaymarriage.

Shelley'smarriageshowshistreasonousinspiration,andhisdistinctindividuality.Hemaintainshisdignityatanycost.

D. TheChristofIreland

TheygotoKaxic,thecapitalofKenbelan,wherethemountains,theriversandthecloudsgiveShelleyunforgettableimpression（in1811）.Howeverhepaysmoreattentiontothepeople'spoorlife.

HegoestoIrelandwhereheencouragesthepeopletostandupfortheirrights（in1812）.Thepairspendsthefollowingtwoyearsdistributingpamphletsandspeakingagainstpoliticalinjustice.

TherearetribulationseverywhereinEngland.ButunderthecontroloftheEnglandgovernment,theIrishpeoplehavemoreandmorepoorlife.

Torealizethesocialism,hegoestoDuberlinwherehefindsthatthepeopletherearepoorerthanthepeopleinIreland.IntheletterhehaswrittentoGodwin,"thepoorpeopleinDuberlinarethepoorestpeople.Therearehundredsofthousandsofpeopleinasmallalley.IfeltthatImustlessonthosepeoplewhohavetrampledonthepoorpeopleandleadthemtotheworstcondition