新视野读写自主学习材料Unit6.docx

新视野读写自主学习材料Unit6.docx

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新视野读写自主学习材料Unit6

UnitSixAsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!

BackgroundInformation

BiblealsocalledtheHolyBible,thesacredbookorScripturesofJudaismandofChristianity.

Judaism（犹太教）：

39booksoriginallyinHebrew

afewsectionsinAramaic

Christianity：

OldTestament+NewTestament

OldTestament（typeofliterature）

ThePentateuch（摩西五书）,correspondingtotheTorah

Historicalbooks

Poeticalorwisdombooks

Propheticalbooks

NewTestament

ThefourGospels福音书

TheActsoftheApostles,ahistoryofearly使徒行传

Epistles,orletters,ofPaulandotherwriters使徒书

Anapocalypse,orbookofrevelation启示

USEOFBIBLE

TheBibleisareligiousbook,notonlybyvirtueofitscontentsbutalsointermsofitsusebyChristiansandJews.

Itisreadinpracticallyallservicesofpublicworship,itswordsformthebasisforpreachingandinstruction,anditisusedinprivatedevotionandstudy.

ThelanguageoftheBiblehasinformedandshapedtheprayers,liturgy,andhymnodyofJudaismandChristianity.

WithouttheBiblethesetworeligionswouldhavebeenvirtuallyspeechless.

Importance&Influence

TheimportanceandinfluenceoftheBibleamongChristiansandJewsmaybeexplainedbroadlyinbothexternalandinternalterms.

External

ReligiousgroupsconfessthattheyareguidedbytheBible.

Internal

Theliterature,art,andmusicofWesterncultureinparticulararedeeplyindebtedtobiblicalthemes,motifs,andimages.

NamesforreadingpassageA

Wehavemanypropernames,whichcontainculturalbackground.Thefollowingisabriefexplanationofsomeofthenamesthatappearedinthereadingpassage.

1）Debbie（f.）representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofgenerous,understanding,honest,creative,andintense.ItisashortnameofDeborahoriginallyfromaHebrewnameforawomandescribedintheOldTestamenthistoryoftheBible.

2）Lynne（f.）orLynn（m.）representsthepersonalitycharacteristicofsensitive,deeplyartisticandcreative,intense,andnature-loverandcomesfromWelshmeaning“lake”orisashortformofLinda（Spanish）,orBelinda（Italian）,bothmeaningbeautiful.

3）Webster（m.）representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsoforiginal,inventive,friendly,positive,outspoken,andprocrastinatorandcomesfromOldEnglish,meaning“weaver”.

4）Joe（m.）representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofspontaneous,social,easy-going,warm,generous,lackingininitiativeandisashortformofJoseph,originallyfromaHebrewnameofafamousmanintheOldTestamenthistoryoftheBible.

5）Adrian（m.）representsthepersonalitycharacteristicsofdiplomatic,friendly,lackinginenergy,confidenceandinitiative,andaprocrastinator.ThisnameistheEnglishformofHadrian,thenameofaRomanEmperorwhobuiltawallacrossnorthernBritain.

TextStructureAnalysis

1.Outlineofthetext

PartI

AwomannamedDebbiefeltmuchbetterafterchanginghername.（Paras.1-2）

PartII

Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem.（Paras.3-5）

A.Nameisawordexpressingsomequalityconsideredcharacteristicordescriptionofapersonorathing,oftenexpressingapprovalordisapproval.（Para.3）

B.Namesalsobecomeattachedtospecificimages.（Para.4）

C.Nameswithpositivesensecanworkforyou,evenencouragenewacquaintances.（Para.5）

PartIII

Weareallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.（Paras.6-8）

A.Weprojectname-basedstereotypesonpeople.（Para.6）

B.Nameprejudicecanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.（Para.7）

PartIV

Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourname,justchangeit.（Para.8）

2.SummaryoftheText

Nameshavesomethingtodowithourstateofmind.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou’recalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem.Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserve,plainnessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.Nameswithapositivesensecanworkforyou.Atthesametimetheywillsometimesaffectusinanegativeway.Ifyoufeelyournamenolongerseemstofityou,don’tdespair;youcancertainlychangeyournameasyoulike.

NewWordsandPhrases

1.Inthisunitweencountersomewaysofcommunication（Preview）

encounter:

vt.tomeetsomebody;face,confrontorexperienceproblems,difficulties,oroppositionwhenyouaretryingtodosomething

Weencounteredaserioussetbackwhentwomembersoftheexpeditionwereinjured.

Ifirstencounteredhimatsummerschool.

communication:

n.theprocessbywhichpeopleexchangeideas.

Goodcommunicationisvitalinalargeorganization.

communicate:

vt.1）contactsomeone,esp.bytelephoneorbywritingaletter

2）understandeachother’sthoughtsandfeelingbycommunication

Parentssometimesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewiththeirteenagechildren.

2.Wealsolearnaboutthekindsofprejudiceassociatedwiththesecontinualmessages.（Preview）continual:

continuingforalongtimewithoutstopping

Thehostageslivedincontinualfearofviolentdeath.

compare

continual:

adj.describesseparateactions（oftenannoyingactionsyoudonotlike）whicharerepeatedoveraperiodoftime:

Thesecontinualinterruptionsaredrivingmemad.

She’scontinuallyflyingofftodifferentplaces.

continuousadj.esp.describesthingsandeventsthatgoonwithoutabreak:

Thepoliceformedacontinuouslineroundthebuilding.

consistentadj.iscontinuingtodevelopinthesameway,oralwayshavingthesamebeliefs,behavior,attitudes.

ItisaconsistentpolicyoftheChinesegovernmenttostrengthenthegoodneighborlyandfriendlyrelationswithitssurroundingcountries.

3....goodlooksandelegantmanner.（Para.1）

elegant:

adj.1）verybeautifulandgraceful;delicate

atall,elegantwoman

elegantwriting

2）（ofideas）neatandsimple

Thispassagegivesusanelegantpieceofreasoning.

4.Ijustdon’tfeellikeaDebbie.（Para.1）

feellike+sth./doingsth.:

identifywith（asusedinthisinstance）;haveawishfor,want

1）wanttohavesthordosth.

Ifeellikeacupofcoffee.

Idon’tfeelliketakingaholidaynow.

Idon’tfeellikeapresident. 

2）giveyouaparticularfeeling

It’snicefabricanditfeelslikevelvet.

Iwasonlytherefor2weeksbutitfeltlikeayear.

3）feelasifyouareaparticularkindofperson

Theymademefeellikeonofthefamily.

feelabout:

haveanopinion

Howdoyoufeelaboutgoingoutforadrink?

5....whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,theyoungwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie.（Para.2） 

application:

n. 1）anofficialwrittenrequesttobeallowedtohaveajobormembershipinorganization

filloutajobapplication

anapplicationforfinancialaid

Applicationsshouldbehandedinasearlyaspossible. 

2）theusingofaruleorpieceofknowledgeinaparticularsituation 

Studentslearnedthepracticalapplicationofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.

applyv. 1）requeststh,esp.officiallyandinwrittenform 

Youmayapplyforthejobinpersonorbyletter.

Youshouldapplyforthejobinpersonorinwrittenfrom.

2）bringorputintouse 

Thisruleappliestonewstudentsonly.

6....impulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie. （Para.2）  

substitute:

 1）vt.put（sth.orsb.）inplaceofanother 

Theyweresubstitutingviolencefordialogue. 

DaytonwassubstitutedforWilliamsinthesecondhalfofthematch. 

2）vi.actorserveasareplacement 

substituteAforB

substitutenewforold

Canyousubstituteformeatthemeeting?

Honeycansubstituteforsugarinthisrecipe.

3）n.[C]personorthingthatreplaces,actsfororservesassb.orsth.else 

Theteacher’sill,soasubstituteisteachingtoday.

Thereisnosubstituteforgoodfoodandexercise. 

compare

substitutefor:

Ifyousubstitutesomethingforsomethingelse,youuseitinsteadoftheotherthing.

Forcewassubstitutedforargument.

Cattledungcanbesubstitutedasfuelwhennowoodisavailable.

taketheplaceof:

Ifsomethingtakesplaceofsomething,itbeginstoexistinsteadofthatthing.

Theoldsystemhasdiedandthenewonehastakenitsplace.

replaceby/with:

Peterboughtanewsweatertoreplacetheonehelost.

Theworryonhermother’sfacewasreplacedby/witharelief.

givewayto:

Ifyougivewaywhenyouaredrivingacar,youslowdownorstopinordertoallowothertraffictogoinfrontofyou.

Givewaytotrafficcomingfromtheright.

7....andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously.（Para.2） 

take...seriously:

treat（sth.orsb.）inaseriousmanner 

Henowlearnstotakethingsmoreseriously.

8.Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditor.（Para.2） 

editor.onewhowriteseditorials

editionn.theforminwhichapublicationisissued

editv.toprepare（writtenmaterial）forpublicationorpresentation,asbycorrecting,revising,oradapting

editorialadj.leadingarticle

9....itsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidencetohertalents.（Para.3） .

if:

conj.acceptingthat,although 

confidence:

n.1）acalmunworriedfeelingormannerbasedonastrongbeliefinone’sabilities

She’sagoodstudentbutshelacksconfidenceinherself.

2）astrongbeliefintheabilityofaperson,plan,etc.todowhatisneededeffectivelyandsuccessfully

Wehaveeveryconfidenceinyourability.

talent:

n. 1）（a）specialnaturalorlearned abilityorskill,esp.ofahighquality 

Alicehasatalentforlanguage.

Thissortofworkcallsforspecial