新概念第三册课文精读详解10.docx

新概念第三册课文精读详解10.docx

《新概念第三册课文精读详解10.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念第三册课文精读详解10.docx（31页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

新概念第三册课文精读详解10

Lesson37TheWesthavenExpress

开往威斯特海温的快车

一、【Text】课文

Wehavelearnttoexpectthattrainswillbepunctual.Afteryearsofconditioning,mostofushavedevelopedanunshakablefaithinrailwaytimetables.Shipsmaybedelayedbystorms;airflightsmaybecancelledbecauseofbadweather;buttrainsmustbeontime.Onlyanexceptionallyheavysnowfallmighttemporarilydislocaterailwayservices.Itisalltooeasytoblametherailwayauthoritieswhensomethingdoesgowrong.Thetruthisthatwhenmistakesoccur,theyaremorelikelytobeoursthantheirs.

Afterconsultingmyrailwaytimetable,InotedwithsatisfactionthattherewasanexpresstraintoWesthaven.Itwentdirectfrommylocalstationandthejourneylastedamerehourandseventeenminutes.WhenIboardedthetrain,Icouldnothelpnoticingthatagreatmanylocalpeoplegotonaswell.Atthetime,thisdidnotstrikemeasodd.Ireflectedthattheremustbeagreatmanypeoplebesidesmyselfwhowishedtotakeadvantageofthisexcellentservice.NeitherwasIsurprisedwhenthetrainstoppedatWidley,atinystationafewmilesalongtheline.Evenamightyexpresstraincanbeheldupbysignals.Butwhenthetraindawdledatstationafterstation,Ibegantowonder.Itsuddenlydawnedonmethatthisexpresswasnotroaringdownthelineatninetymilesanhour,butbarelychuggingalongatthirty.Onehourandseventeenminutespassedandwehadnotevencoveredhalfthedistance.IaskedapassengerifthiswastheWesthavenExpress,buthehadnotevenheardofit.Ideterminedtolodgeacomplaintassoonaswearrived.Twohourslater,IwastalkingangrilytothestationmasteratWesthaven.Whenhedeniedthetrain'sexistence,Iborrowedhiscopyofthetimetable.TherewasanoteoftriumphinmyvoicewhenItoldhimthatitwasthereinblackandwhite.Glancingatitbriefly,hetoldmetolookagain.Atinyasteriskconductedmetoafootnoteatthebottomofthepage.Itsaid:

'Thisservicehasbeensuspended.'

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语

●express      n.快车；adj.高速的

●punctual    adj.准时的;

●condition   v.使习惯于

●unshakable adj.不可动摇的

●faith   n.信任

●cancelv.取消

●exceptionally    adv.例外地

●dislocate    v.打乱（计划等）

●blame v.责怪

●consult      v.请教，查阅

●direct adv.径直地

●odd    adj.奇怪的，异常的

●reflectv.细想

●advantage  n.优势

●mighty      adj.强大的，有力的

●dawdle      v.慢吞吞的动或做

●chug  v.咔嚓咔嚓地响

●lodge v.提出

●comlaint    n.抱怨

●triumph     n.胜利

●asterisk      n.星号（*）

●conduct     v.引向，引导

■expressn.快车；adj.高速的

expressway:

高速公路

expresstrain快车

specialexpress特快

throughexpress直快

stopping/localtrain慢车

■punctualadj.准时的;

bepunctualindoingsth.在做……方面非常准时

bepunctualtotheminute非常准时

Eg:

Heisamanwho’spunctualtotheminute.

punctuallyadv.

unpunctualant.

punctualityn.

■conditionv.使习惯于

==formahabitin

Eg:

Thissocietyhasconditionedeachofus.

beconditionedto习惯了……

Eg:

Eachofushasbeenconditionedtothesociety.

Theplantshasbeenconditionedtothecoldweatherhere.

Thecoldweatherhasconditionedtheplantshere.

condition条件

onconditionthat  在……条件下如果

onnocondition在任何情况下，用在句首句子要倒装

Onnoconditionmustyoubelate.

ingood/badcondition情况良好/情况糟糕

changeone'scondition结婚

intheinterestingcondition:

怀孕 pregnant

■unshakableadj.不可动摇的

■faithn.信任

keepfaithwithsb.对……守信用

putone'sfaithinsth对……有信心

onthefaithof 在……的保障下，凭……的信用

faith         深信不疑，信仰，比belief程度重一点

belief:

可信赖，可接受

conviction 坚定的信念

trust        相信，依赖

credit      对……完全相信

■cancelv.取消

calloff==cancel可以互相替换

abolish     废除

rescind     撤销，废止

writeoff     注销，勾销

crossout   划掉

■exceptionallyadv.例外地

■dislocatev.打乱（计划等）

■blamev.责怪

■consultv.请教，查阅

■directadv.径直地

■oddadj.奇怪的，异常的

■reflectv.细想

reflectonsth细想……

reflectupononeself自我反省

■advantagen.优势

takeadvantageofsb/sth 欺骗……并利用

ofgreat/noadvantagetosb/sth对……有（没有）好处

toadvantage更有效地

haveadvantageoversb胜过某人，比某人有优势

interest个人的利益，好处

benefit 通过正当手段谋求的好处

profit   金钱上的获益

good   个人或集体的利益

■mightyadj.强大的，有力的

■dawdlev.慢吞吞的动或做

■chugv.咔嚓咔嚓地响

■lodgev.提出

make/lodgecomplaint提出抱怨

■comlaintn.抱怨

■triumphn.胜利

■asteriskn.星号（*）

■conductv.引向，引导

三、【课文精析】

Keysentence:

Wehavelearnttoexpectthattrainswillbepunctual.

We'velearnttoexpectthat……  我们已经习惯于期盼……

Keysentence:

Afteryearsofconditioning,mostofushavedevelopedanunshakablefaithinrailwaytimetables.

developanunshakablefaithinsth 对……产生了……样的信念

Keysentence:

Onlyanexceptionallyheavysnowfallmighttemporarilydislocaterailwayservices.

Itisalltooeasytoblame......

too...to句型中，在too前出现了all,only,but,not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义

Eg:

Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.

  Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老

belikelytodo有可能...

Eg:

Youarelikelytogetsuccessifyouworkhard.

Itislikelythat...

Itislikelythathearrivedhereintime.

probable不能与不定式搭配比possible可能性大

Eg:

Itisprobable/possiblethat...

Eg:

Itisprobable/possiblethathewillspeaktoyou.

Itispossibleforustofinishtheworkinanhour.

strikesbas给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。

Eg:

Theactivityatrokemeaswastingtime.

holdup==holdback,hinder,prevent

dawnonsb 渐渐被某人明白

barely==only

inblackandwhite白纸黑字

Keystructure

We'velearnttoexpectthat……  我们已经习惯于期盼……

We'velearnttoexpectthat……  我们已经习惯于期盼……

Itisalltooeasytoblame......

too...to句型中，在too前出现了all,only,but,not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义

belikelytodo有可能...

Itislikelythat...

Thefirstparagraphisimportant

godirectfrom...to...

strikesbas给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。

holdup==holdback,hinder,prevent

dawnonsb 渐渐被某人明白

inblackandwhite白纸黑字

Lesson38Thefirstcalender最早的日历

一、【Text】课文

Futurehistorianswillbeinauniquepositionwhentheycometorecordthehistoryofourowntimes.Theywillhardlyknowwhichfactstoselectfromthegreatmassofevidencethatsteadilyaccumulates.Whatismoretheywillnothavetorelysolelyonthewrittenword.Films,videos.CDsandCD-ROMsarejustsomeofthebewilderingamountofinformationtheywillhave.Theywillbeable,asitwere,toseeandhearusinaction.Butthehistorianattemptingtoreconstructthedistantpastisalwaysfacedwithadifficulttask.Hehastodeducewhathecanfromthefewscantycluesavailable.Evenseeminglyinsignificantremainscanshedinterestinglightonthehistoryofearlyman.

Uptonow,historianshaveassumedthatcalendarscameintobeingwiththeadventofagriculture,forthenmanwasfacedwitharealneedtounderstandsomethingabouttheseasons.Recentscientificevidenceseemstoindicatethatthisassumptionisincorrect.

Historianshavelongbeenpuzzledbydots,linesandsymbolswhichhavebeenengravedonwalls,bones,andtheivorytuskofmammoths.ThenomadswhomadethesemarkingslivedbyhuntingandfishingduringthelastIceAge,whichbeganabout35,000B.C.andendedabout10,000B.C.Bycorrelatingmarkingsmadeinvariouspartsoftheworld,historianshavebeenabletoreadthisdifficultcode.Theyhavefoundthatitisconnectedwiththepassageofdaysandthephasesofthemoon.Itis,infact,aprimitivetypeofcalendar.Ithaslongbeenknownthatthehuntingscenesdepictedonwallswerenotsimplyaformofartisticexpression.Theyhadadefinitemeaning,fortheywereasnearasearlymancouldgettowriting.Itispossiblethatthereisadefiniterelationbetweenthesepaintingsandthemarkingsthatsometimesaccompanythem.Itseemsthatmanwasmakingarealefforttounderstandtheseasons20,000yearsearlierthanhasbeensupposed.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语

●calendar    n.历法，日历

●historian    n.历史学家

●uniqueadj.无与伦比的

●steadily     adv.不断地

●solely adv.唯一地

●video n.录像

●CD-ROM  n.（只读）光盘驱动器

●bewilder    v.令人眼花缭乱

●deduce      v.推断，推理

●scantyadj.不足的，贫乏的

●clue   n.线索

●insignificant      adj.不重要的

●shed   v.使流出，泻

●adventn.出现，到来，来临

●agriculture n.农业

●assumptionn.假定，设想

●dot     n.小圆点

●symbol      n.符号

●engrave     v.雕刻

●ivory  n.象牙制品

●mammoth  n.（古）长毛象

●phase n.月相，天相

●tusk   n.獠牙，长牙、象牙

●primitive   adj.原始的

●nomadn.游牧民

●depict v.描画，描绘

●correlate    v.使相互联系

■calendarn.历法，日历

calender轮压机

■historiann.历史学家

historic     具有历史意义的

Thisisahistoricspeech.

historical  与历史研究有关系的

historicalresearch历史研究

■uniqueadj.无与伦比的

unique:

uneaqualed

Speechisauniquehumanability

unique不能接受比较级，可以接受quite,almost,nearly,surely,really等修饰，但不能接受rather,very等词的修饰。

unique独一无二的，因唯一而独特

speical    注重性质的特殊

especial   强调超过其他的全部

Eg:

Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.

Thisisaespeciallyimportantmatter.

particular特定的，着重同类中某一个所有独特的性质

Pineappleshaveparticularflavour.菠萝有特别的味道。

exceptional

extraordinary特别的，与众不同的

Eg:

ThewarmweatherisexceptionalforJamuary.

■steadilyadv.不断地

■solelyadv.唯一地

■videon.录像

■CD-ROMn.（只读）光盘驱动器

■bewilderv.令人眼花缭乱

bewilder:

confuse

Eg:

shewasbewilderedbysomanybeautifuldresses.

puzzle  某问题因复杂而令人费解

Eg:

Iampuzzledbytheproblem.

perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）

Eg:

 Heisperplexedfortheanswer.

bewilderment:

n.

inbewilderment茫然不知所措

■deducev.推断，推理

deduce:

determineordecidesth.bygivenfacts.

Eg:

Ideducetheconclusionfromthegivenfacts.

deduce…from从…中推论，推断

infer推断（不表示过程）

Eg:

Whatcanyouinferfromthetext?

deduce ==>（ant.）indece归纳

■scantyadj.不足的，贫乏的

scanty:

toofew,notenough

scantyknowledge一知半解

ascantycrop欠收

bescantyofsth奇缺

beshortof     短缺

Eg:

Thevillageschoolissc