高三英语一轮复习高中英语阅读填空训练.docx

高三英语一轮复习高中英语阅读填空训练.docx

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高三英语一轮复习高中英语阅读填空训练

阅读填空训练

（一）

InastudyjustpublishedinthejournalIntelligence,usingsearchtermssuchas“stupidthingtodo”,BalazsAczelandhiscolleaguescompiledacollectionofstoriesdescribingstupidmistakesfromsourcessuchasTheHuffingtonPostandTMZ.Theresearchersthenhadasampleofuniversitystudentsrateeachstoryontheresponsibilityofthepeopleinvolved,theinfluenceofthesituation,theseriousnessoftheconsequences,andotherfactors.

Analysesofthesubjects’ratingsrevealedthreevarietiesofstupidmistakes.Thefirstiswhenaperson’sconfidencegoesbeyondtheirskill,aswhenaPittsburghmanrobbedtwobanksinbroaddaylightwithoutwearingadisguise,believingthatlemonjuicehehadrubbedonhisfacewouldmakehiminvisibletosecuritycameras.

Theconfidence-skilldisconnectionhasbeennamedtheDunning-Krugereffect,afterastudybysocialpsychologistsDavidDunningandJustinKruger.DunningandKrugerhadCornellundergraduatesperformtestsofhumor,logic,andgrammar,andthenratehowwelltheythinktheyperformedcomparedtoothersubjectsinthestudy.Theworstperformingsubjects,whosescoresputtheminthe12thpercentile,estimatedthattheyhadperformedinthe62ndpercentile.Summarizingthefindings,Dunningnoted,“Poorperformers—andweareallpoorperformersatsomethings—failtoseetheflawsintheirthinkingortheanswerstheylack.”Whenwethinkweareatourbestissometimeswhenweareatourobjectiveworst.

Asanynumberofpoliticalscandalsillustrate,thesecondtypeofstupidmistakeinvolvesimpulsiveacts—whenweseemunabletokeepourbehaviorincheck.InthescandalthatbecameknownasWeinergate,formerU.S.representativeAnthonyWeinersentbluetextsandpicturesofhimselftowomenhemetonFacebook.（Afterresigning,Weinercontinuedhiscyber-dalliances,andthenfellpreytotheDunning-Krugereffectwhenheoverestimatedhissupportinthe2013NewYorkCitymayoralprimary;hereceived5%ofthevote.）

Thefinalvarietyofstupidmistakeinvolvesfailingtoconcentrate—HomerSimpsonesqueD’ohmoments.AsarguablythebestexamplefromAmericansportshistory,inthe1929RoseBowl,UniversityofCaliforniastarRoyRiegelsrecoveredafumble（失误球）andreturnedit65yardsthewrongway.Riegel’smistakesetupasafetyforGeorgiaTech,whichturnedouttobethedecidingfactorintheopponent’svictory.Aczelandcolleagues’analysesrevealedthatsubjectsviewedthiscategoryofstupidmistakeastheleaststupid.

Itis,ofcourse,unrealistictothinkthatwecouldevereliminatehumanerror.Toerrwillalwaysbehuman.However,thisresearchgivesusabetterdescriptionofourfailingsandweaknesses,andaplacetostartinthinkingaboutinterventionsandprescriptionstohelpuserrless.Thisresearchalsoremindsusofoursharedhumanweaknesses.Wealltendtooverestimateourabilities,tomakeimpulsivedecisions,andtofailtokeepattention.Thissimplerealizationmakesstupidmistakesseem,perhaps,alittlelessstupid—andalittlemorehuman.

Title:

Whyyoumakebreathtakinglystupidmistakes

（71）_____oftheresearch

●Compilingstoriesaboutstupidmistakesfromsomesources.

●Ratingthestoriesonthefactorslikeresponsibilities,influences,etc.

●（72）__________howthesubjectsratethestories.

Typesofstupidmistakes

Confidence–skill

disconnection

●Ithappenswhenconfidence（73）______skill.

Eg:

Amanrubbinglemonjuiceonhisfacerobbedbanksby（74）______hisheadinthesandlikeanostrich（鸵鸟）.

●Theoutcomemaybejustthe（75）_________whenweoverestimateourskills.

Impulsiveacts

●Wecannotputourbehaviorunder（76）____________.

Eg.Weinerdisturbedwomenbysendingbluetextsandpictures,whichputhimatadisadvantageinmayoralprimary.

（77）__________ofattention

●Thoughviewedastheleaststupid,itcanbeadecidingfactorinmaycases.Eg.RoyRiegel’srunningthewrongwaywithafumble（78）_________forGeogiaTechwinningthegame.

Valuesoftheresearch

●Providinguswithaclearimageofourfailingsandweaknesses.

●Helpinguserrlessthoughweare（79）__________tostayawayfromerror.

●Enablingustoevaluateourabilitiesobjectively,makerationaldecisionsandalwaysget（80）_______________.

（二）

Howtrafficaffectsourhealth

     Whentalkingabouttrafficproblems,we，Jsoneedtotakeintoconsiderationthepollutionthatweareexposedtoandthehealthproblemstrafficcauses.Givenbelowisanin-depthexpositiononhowtrafficafftctsourhealthandwhatwecandotoavoidsomeoftheseeffectstolivealongerandhealthierlife.

AchesandPains

     Drivinginaslouched（无精打釆的）positionputspressureonyourbackandneck.Backpainisoftenduetopoorposturewhichcanhaveaneu,nti\eeffectonyourhealth.Yourbadposturealsoputsstressonthejointsofyourelbowsandknees,causingpainandtirednesstotheseareasofyourbody.

    Whenyouaredrivingintraffic,youareconstantlyshiftingbetweentheacceleratorandbrake（inautomatictransmissioncars）,andclutch,brake,andaccelerator（inmanualtransmissioncars）.Thisconstantshiftingputspressureandstressonyourknees,causingknee-relatedproblemsandaches.

Whatcanyoudo?

   Youcancounteracttheseilleffectandpostureproblemsbysittinguprightandhavingasupportforyourlowerbackandneck.Adjustthepositionofyourseatinsuchawaythatyoucandriveateasewithoutanydiscomfort.Thebackrestoftheseatshouldbestraightup,andnotpulleddowntoomuch.Respiratory（呼吸的）Problems

   Exposuretoheavytrafficimpliesexposuretopoisonousrasesthatareemittedbyvehicles.ItisbelievedthatthetransportationsectorintheUSisresporbibleforaquarterofthecountry’sgreenhousegasemissions.

   Ourlungsarclikesponges,soakingineverythingthatisbreathedinbyourrespiratorysystem.Thesmokecomingoutofthetailpipesofvehiclespresentsaseriousthreattohumanhealth.Prolongedexposuretotrafficemissionscancause，viousrespiratorydiseasesincludinglungcancer.

Whatcanyoudo?

    TherearewaystoavoidbreathinginpollutedairIfyoucan,avoiddrivinginpartsofyourtownwithheavytrafficcongestion.However,ifyoufindyourselfdrivingthroughsuchareas,rollupyourcarwindowstominimizeexposuretoharmflilgases.Ifyouplantogooutforawalkorrun,doitinaplacewhereyougetloadsoffreshair.Eatfoodsthatarerichinantioxidants（抗氧化剂），andexerciseregularlysothatyourimmunesystemisstrongenoughtofightoffpotentialthreatstoyourhealth.

    Travelandtrafficaretwothingsthatareabsolutelyunavoidable，andthatiswhyweshouldtrytobeascomfortableaspossible,tobestress-freeandillness-free!

Howtraffic affectsourhealth

Passageoutline

Supportingdetails

Lead-in

Whenit（71）     totrafficproblems,weshouldpayenouchattentiontothepollutionweareexposedtoandthehealthproblemsthattrafficcauses.

AchesandPains

Problems

（72）        aDoorDositionwhenyouaredrivingcanaffectyourhealthbadlyinseveralwayssuchasback,neck,eventhejointsofyourelbowsandknees.

Shiftingpostureconstantlyinthe（73）     ofdrivingwillputpressureandstressonyourknees,causingachesandpains.

Solutions

Youcansituprightandhaveasupportforyourlowerbackandneck,jYoucanmake（74）  tothepositionofyourseat.

Youcan（75）    thebackrestofvourseatandavoidpullingitdowntoomuch. 

Respiratory

Problems

Problems

Itisbelievedthatthetransportationsectoristo（76）     foraquarter〜greenhousegasemissionsintheUS.

Ourlungsbreatheinharmfulelementsinthesmokefromvehicles,damagingourhealthseriously.

Longexposuretodangerouspollutantsfromvehiclescancausevariouslung-relateddiseases,lungcancer（77）   .

Solutions

Youshouldtrytodrivethroughtheareas（78）    fromheavytrafficcongestion.

Youmustwindupyourcarwindowstokeepexposure,toharmfijlpollutantstothe（79）    .

Youshouldchooseaplacewhereyougetloadsoffreshairtotakeawalkorhavearun.

Youmustattach（80）       toyourdietandregularexercisetofightoffpotentialthreatstoyourhealth.

ConclusiontWeshouldtrytobestress-freeandillness-freewhiledrivingorItraveling.

（三）

Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger. Theresearchcomesfrompoorormiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica, AsiaandLatinAmerica.    

RobertBlackfromtheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealthatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMarylandistheleadwriteroftheresearch. Hesaysmorethan3.5millionmothersandchildrenunderfivedieinpoorcountrieseachyearbecauseofhunger.    

Hesaysabouttwomillionchildrendiefromunderdevelopment, eitherbeforeorafterbirth. Millionsofotherswhosurvivefacealifetimeofdisabilitiesorearlydeathandtheeffectsarenotjustphysical. Poormentaldevelopmentalsoresultsfromhungeraschildrengrow. Thenthecycleofpovertyandhungeroftencontinuesfortheirchildren.    

DoctorBlacksayshungrychildrencanhaveconditionslikehighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseasaresultofhunger. Hesaysthestudiesshowthatfoodprogramsneedtoplacethegreatestimportanceonthefirsttwoyearsoflife. Hungrychildrencansuffertheirwhole-lifedamagefromagetwo.    

Itishightimetheirdietswereimproved. DietsshouldincludefoodsrichinvitaminAandothervitaminsandminerals. Theresearcherssayearlyhelpsuchasthiscouldreducechilddeathsby25%.    

Thisresearchhasalsofacedsomecriticism. Amedicalaidgroupsaystheresearchersunderestimate（低估）thenumberofchilddeat