企管专业英语.docx

企管专业英语.docx

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企管专业英语

Soyouarethinkingof（想到，考虑）goingintobusiness.Thiscanhaveadvantages（优势，有利条件，利益）anddisadvantages（不利，不利条件，劣势）.Runningabusinessofyourownwillbringasenseofindependence（独立自主意识）,andasenseofaccomplishment（成就感）.Youwillbetheboss,andyoucan’tbefired（被解雇）,thoughtheremaybedayswhenyouwouldwelcomeit.Becauseyoucanpayyourselfasalaryandtheprofitorreturnonyourinvestment（对你投资的回报）willalsobeyours,youanticipateagoodincomeonceyourbusinessisestabished.Youwillexperienceaprideinownership（所有权）ifyouownyourownhomeoryourownautomobile.Youcanderivegreatsatisficationfrom（从…得到…）offeringaproductorservice,whichisvaluedinthemarketplace.

Bybeingabossyoucanadoptnewideasquickly.Sinceyourenterprise（企业）willlikelybeasmallbusinessinthebeginning,youwillhavenolarge,unwieldy（难处理的，难驾驭的，难控制的）organizationtoretrain（再训练，再培训）,noboard（董事会）togetpermissionfromeachtimeyouwishtotrysomethingnew.Iftheideadoesn’tworkyoucandropitjustasquickly.Thisopportunituforflexibility（灵活性）isoneofsmallbusinesses’sgreatestassets（资产，财产）.

Whenstartingyourbusiness,besuretomeetwithalawyertodiscussyourplansandgiveyouadviceontheproperlegalsrtuctureofyourbusiness.Thechoiceincludesoleproprietorship（独资（经营））,partership（合伙企业）.limitedliabilitycompany（有限责任公司）,andcorporation.Besuretostudytheliabilityandtaxadvantagesofowningyourowncorporation.

Asasoleproprietor（独资（经营）者）,youareliable（负有责任的）ifanyonesues（起诉）yourbusiness,andyoucanloseeverythingyouown.Acorporation,ontheotherhand,isaseparate“living”entity（实体）andprotectsyoufromlosingyourpersonalassets.

Withregardsto（关于）taxes,asanemployee,youremployerpaysyourincome,thegovernmenttakesitsshares,andthenyouspendyourmoney.Asacorporationowner,youreceiveincomefromsales,youspendandinvestthemoney,andonlythendoesthegovernmenttakeitsshares.Therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacompanyowner,asthegovernmentlookskindlyonthosewhocreatejobsandincreaseoureconomicwell-being（福利）.Ifyouareoutsideyourcountry,besuretocheckwithalocalqualifiedattorney（律师）tolearnthespecificlawsofthecountry.

Thesearesomeadvantagesanddisadvantagesandpleasuresofoperatingyourownbusiness.Nowtakealookattheotherside.Ifyouhaveemployees,youmustmeetapayroll（薪水册）weekafterweek.Youmustalwayshave,moneytopaycreditors（债权人）－themanwhosellsyougoodsormaterials,thedealerwhofurnishes（供应，提供）fixtures（固定设备）andequipment,thelandlorfifyourentanoffice,themortgage（抵押借款，按揭）holderifyouarebuyingyourplaceofbusiness,thepublisherwhorunsyouradvertisements,thetaxcollector,andmanyothers.Allofthemmustbepaidbeforeyoucanconsiderthe“profits”yours.

Youmustacceptsoleresponsibilityforallfinaldecisions.Awrongjudgementonyourpartcanresultinlossesnotonlytoyourselfbut,possibly,toyouremployees,creditors,andcustomersaswell.Morever,youmustwothstand（经受住）aloneadversesituationscausedbycircumstancesfrequentlybeyondyourcontrolandovercomethesebusinesssetbacks（挫折）,Keepingyourbusinessprofitablemeanslonghoursofhardwork.Itcouldverywellnotbetheworkyouwanttodo.Assomeoneelse’semployeeyoudevelopedaskill.Now,youmustkeepthebooks,analyzeaccountingrecords,sitbackanddolongrangeplanning.Wheneveryonehasgonehome,youfinallymayhavetocatchupwiththepaperwork,oryoumayevenhavetosweepthefloor.

Asyourbusinessgrowsandyoubecomemoresuccessful,youmaysoonnothavetodosomeofthesejobs.Asanowner－manager,youmaybeforcedatfirsttogiveupthetechnicalaspectsyouknowandenjoydoing,andfocuson（集中精力于…）management.Togetyourbusinessofftoasuccessfulstart,youmustbeamanager,notanoperator.

However,youwillneverbeentirelyyourownboss.Nomatterwhatyouchoose－manufacturing,wholesaling（批发）,retailing（零售业）orservicebusiness－youmustalwayssatisfyyourcustomers.Ifyoudon’tgivethecustomerswhattheywant,they’llgosomewhereelseandyou’llbeoutofbusiness.Soeverycustomer,orevenpotentialcustomer,isyousboss.Yourcreditorswillalsodictatetoyou,andyourcompetitors’actionsmayforceyoutomakedecisionsyoudon’twanttomake.Nationalandlocalgovernmentagencieswillinsistthatyoumeetcertainstandardsandfollowcertainregulations.Theonethingyoucandecideyourselfishowyouwillsatisfyallofthesebosses.

AreYouTheType?

Thefirstquestionyoushouldanswerafterrecognizingthattherearetwosidestotheprospectofestablishingyourownbusinessis“AmIthetype（我是这块材料吗）?

”

Youwillbeyourmostimportantemployee.Itismoreimportantthatyourateyourselfobjectively（客观地评价你自己）thanhowyourateanyprospectiveemployee.Appraise（评价）yourstrengthsandyourweaknessws.Asaprospectiveoperatorofyourownbusiness,acknowledge（承认）thatyouareweakincetrtainareasandcoverthedeficiency（不足）byeitherretrainingyourselforhiringsomeonewiththenecessaryskill.Thesignofasuccessfulentrepreneur（企业家）isonewhoknowshisorherlimits.

Numerousstudieshavebeenmadeofsmallbusinessmanagersovertheyears.Manylookattraitsandcharacteristics（显著的特点和特征）thatappearcommontomostpeoplewhostarttheirownbusinesses.Thefollowingseemtobemostpredominating（突出的，显著的）.

StrongOpinionsandAttitudes

Peoplewhostarttheirownbusinessmaybemembersofdifferentpoliticalparties,feeldifferentlyaboutreligions,economicsandotherissues.Theyarelikeeveryoneelse.Thedifferenceistheyusuallyfeelandexpressthemselvesmorestrongly.Thisisconsistent.Ifyouaregoingtoriskyourmoneyandtimeinyourownbusinessyoumusthaveastrongfeelingthatyouwillbesuccessful.Asyouwillseelater,thesestrongfeelingsmayalsocauseproblems.

Ifyouwanttostartyourownbusinessyouprobablyhavemixedfeelingsaboutauthority（权威）.Youknowthemanagermusthaveauthoritytogetthingsdone,butyou’renotcomfortableworkingundersomeone.Thismayalsohavebeenyourautitudeinascholastic（学校的）,familyorotherauthoritystructure,Ifyouwanttoopenyourownbusinessyouarelikelytohaveastrong“NeedforAchievement”.This”NeedforAchienement”isapsychologist’s（心理学者）termformotivation（动机）andisusuallymeasuredbytests.Itcanbeanimportantfactorinsuccess.

Theperson,whowouldn’tthinkofstartingabusiness,mightcallyouaplunger（盲目投资者）,agambler（赌徒）,ahigh-risktaker.Yetyouprobablydon’tfeelthataboutyourself.Studieshaveshownthatveryoftenthesmallbusinessownerdoesn’tdifferfromanyoneelseinriskavoidanceoraversion（厌恶）whenmeasuredontests.Atfirstthoughtthisseemsunreasonablesincelogictellsusthatitisriskytoopenyourownbusiness.Aprofessoronceexplainedthisapparentcontradiction（矛盾）verysimply.”Whenapersonstartsandmanageshisownbusinesshedoesn’tseerisks;heseesonlyfactorsthathecancontroltohisadvantages.”Ifyoupossessthesetraitstosomedegreeorotheritdoesn’tmeanyouwillbesuccessful,onlythatyouwillverylikelystartyourownbusiness.Someofthesecharacteristicsinexcess（过度）mayactuallyhamper（妨碍）youifyouarenotcareful.

Thecharacteristicsthatappearmostfrequentlyamong“successful”smallbusinessmanagersincludedrive,thinkingability,competenceinhumanrelations,communicationsskillsandtechnicalknowledge.

Drive,asdefinedinthestudy,iscomposedofresponsibility,vigor,initiative,persistenceandhealth.Thinkingabilityconsistsoforiginal,creative,critical,andanalyticalthinking.Compentencyinhumanrelationsmeansemotionalstability,sociability,goodpersonalrelations,consideration,cheerfulness,cooperationandtactfulness.Improtantcommunicationsskillsincludeverbalcomprehensionofthephysicalprocessofproducinggoodsorservices,andtheabilitytousetheinformationpurposefully.

Motivationordrivehaslongbeenconsideredashavinganimportanteffectonperformance.Psychologistsagreethatyoucanincreaseyourlevelofmotivationandchancesforsuccess.Muchofthedevelopmentofsuchachievementmotivationdependsonsettingtherightkindofgoalsforyourself.

WhatBusinessShouldYouChoose?

Manyofyouhavealreadydecidedwhatbusinesstochoose.Othersmaystillbeseekinganswersfromcounselors（顾问）.Whetheryouhavedecidedornot,youwillfindithelpfultocontinueyourself-evaluation（自我评价）.

Beginbysummarizingyourbackgroundandexperience.Includejobs,schooling,andhobbies.Thenwritedownwhatyouthinkyouwouldliketodo.Doeswhatyouwouldliketodomatchupwithwhatyouhavedone?

Itishelpfulifyourexerprienceandtrainingcanbeputtodriectuseinyournewenterprise.Whatareyourprospectiveneeds?

Whatareyourprospectivecustomers’needs?

Youmaymakemoneydoingsomethingyoudon’tlikeifpeoplewillpayforit.Ontheotherhand,youwillnevermakemoneyifpeopledon’tneedyourproductorservicenomatterhowhappyyouaredoingit.Expertshavesaidmorecompaniesfailbecausetheyareinthewrongbusinessthanbecausetheyare“doingbusinesswrong”.

Read,listeningtotheexperts,talktobusinesspeople,andtrytodeterminewheregrowthwilloccur.mostnewbusinesscanonlygetcustomersbytakingthemawayfromsomeoneelse,orbyattractingnewpeopleenteringthearea.Inotherwords,don’tstartacontractingbusinessinacommunitywherethepopulationisdecreasingevenifyouareagoodcontractor（订约人，承包人）.

Atthispoint,trytomatchyourbackgroundandinterestswithwhatyouseetheneedstobe.Iftheymatch,wonderful.Nowallyouhavetodoisdiscoverhowtoofferthecustomersmorefortheirmoneythandoyourcompetitors.

Iftheneedsandyourbackgrounddon’tmatch,don’tdespair（绝望，失望）.Gettrainingbyworkingin