美赛论文写法doc.docx
《美赛论文写法doc.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美赛论文写法doc.docx(30页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
美赛论文写法doc
摘要:
第一段:
写论文解决什么问题
1. 问题的重述
a.介绍重点词开头:
例1:
“Handmove”irrigation,acheapbutlabor-intensive systemusedon smallfarms, consistsof amovablepipewithsprinklerontopthatcanbeattachedtoastationarymain.
例2:
……isareal-lifecommonphenomenonwithmanycomplexities.
例3:
An(effectiveplan)iscrucialto………
b.直接指出问题:
例1:
Wefindtheoptimal numberoftollboothsinahighwaytoll-plazaforagivennumberofhighwaylanes:
thenumberoftollboothsthatminimizesaveragedelayexperiencedbycars.
例2:
Abrand-newuniversityneedstobalancethecostofinformationtechnologysecuritymeasureswiththepotentialcostofattacksonitssystems.
例3:
Wedeterminethenumberof sprinklersto usebyanalyzing theenergy and motionofwaterinthepipe andexamining theengineeringparametersofsprinklersavailableinthemarket.
例4:
Aftermathematicallyanalyzingthe……problem,ourmodelinggroupwouldliketopresentourconclusions,strategies,(andrecommendations)tothe…….
例5:
Ourgoalis...that(minimizesthetime)……….
2. 解决这个问题的伟大意义
反面说明。
如果没有……
Without implementingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpected loss of$8.9millionperyear.
3. 总的解决概述
a.通过什么方法解决什么问题
例:
Weaddresstheproblemofoptimizing amusementparkenjoyment through distributingQuickPasses(QP),reservationslipsthatideallyallowanindividualto spendless timewaitinginline.
b.实际问题转化为数学模型
例1 Weformulatetheproblemasanetworkflow inwhich verticesarethelocationsofescortsandwheelchairpassengers.
例2:
A naïve strategywouldbetoemploytheminimum numberofescortstoguaranteethatallpassengersreachtheirgatesontime.
c.将问题分阶段考虑
例3:
Wedivide thejump into three phases:
flyingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,andlandingontheground.
第二、三段:
具体分析
1.在什么模型中/ 建立了什么模型
a.主流模型
例1:
Weformulate adifferential model to accountfor theratesofchangeoftheseuses,and how thischange wouldaffect theoverallconsumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.
例2:
Weexaminedthemathematicaleffectsof…….Wedevelopedadetailed……(simulationmethodology)totestourideasandtoquantifythedifferencesbetween(among)different……(strategies).
例3:
Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupplyanddemand),weestablishamodel(suchasdifferentialequationsystemthatincludesdemand,supply).
例4:
To(writetheaims),weestablishacriterion(writethecriterion).
b.模型非主流
例5:
Webuildamodeltodeterminehowtolayoutthepipeeachtimetheequipmentismoved.
例6:
Wedetermine…………
例7:
Webuildamodeltodetermine……….
例8:
Weformulateamodelfor………Byanalyzing…andexamining…..
2.分析模型(使用什么数据,怎么做,一般三句话)
a.写历史数据
例1:
UsinghistoricaldatafromtheUnitedStates,wedetermineinitialconditionsforourmodel.
b.写计算机模拟
例1:
thismodelleadstoacomputersimulationofcatch-cantestsoftheirrigationsystemand……
例2:
Softwarepackingreaches………bycalculatingandcomparing………..
c.运用数据模拟
例1:
togroundthismodelinreality,weincorporateextensivedemographicdataandrun……
例2:
Wefitthemodifiedmodeltodata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconcludethat(writethelastconclude).
d.讲详细分析
例1:
Wephysicallycharacterizethesystemthat…
例2:
Weprovideastrategy(writethelogicalstrategy).
例3:
The…modelis(efficient,intuitive,andflexible)andcouldbeappliedto…
例4:
Tomeettheneedsofpeopletodaywithout,weestablishacriterionofrational(合理的标准)oil allocation(分配).
3.总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论
a.说明不是最优但能产生作用
例:
Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptimalbutcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferentnumbers……
b.说明如果用这个模型,结果如何
例1:
IfDeltaAirlinesweretoutilizethenaïvestrategyatAtlantaInternationalAirport,thecostwouldbe……
例2:
Wemodifythemodeltoreflect(sometrendsuchasexponentiallyincreasing……)andgeneralizethemodelto(otherfield).
例3:
OurresultsaresummarizedintheformulafortheoptimalnumberBoftollboothsfor
c.通过其上情况的列举得到的结论
例:
Forvarioussituations,weproposeanoptimalsolution.
d.得出了结论
例1:
weelicitthataconclusion.
例2:
Weconcludewithaseriesofrecommendationsforhowbestto…
e.进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响
例:
Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscusspoliciesfor…..
f.用真实数据检验模型
例:
Todemonstratehowourmodelworks,weapplyitto………..
最后一段:
写总的结论
a.说明结论的可行性
例:
Oursuggestedsolution,whichiseasytoimplement,includesadetailedtimetableandthearrangementofpipes.
b.说明算法的广泛性
例1:
Ouralgorithmisbroadenoughtoaccommodatevariousairportconcourses,flightschedules,andflightdelays.
例2:
Ouranalysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact……,Ourconclusionsarepresented……
c.说明模型可用于其他领域
例:
Sinceourmodelisbasedon……itcanbeappliedto(otherdomain).
其他(承上启下的连接词/常用词组)
例:
Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscuss……
引言部分
(1)回顾研究背景,常用词汇有review,summarize,present,outline,describe等
(2)说明写作目的,常用词汇有purpose,attempt,aim等,另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达
(3)介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围,常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等
方法部分
(1)介绍研究或试验过程,常用词汇有teststudy,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,analyze,analysis等
(2)说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有measure,estimate,calculate等
(3)介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有等
结果部分
(1)展示研究结果,常用词汇有show,result,present等
(2)介绍结论,常用词汇有summary,introduce,conclude等
讨论部分
(1)陈述论文的论点和作者的观点,常用词汇有suggest,repot,present,expect,describe等
(2)说明论证,常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify
(3)推荐和建议,常用词汇有suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose, necessity,necessary,expect等。
摘要中常用的词语汇:
critical至关重要的
algorithm运算法则
a methodofevaluating评价方法
appropriate近似的
consider考虑
configurations布局
optimal统一的
maximize使…最大化
strategy策略
parameter参数,主要的决定因素
accuracy精确性
strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点
contact相关的
contract建立,构造
calculate计算
establish建立
formula公式
modify改进
rational合理的
countermeasure对策
criterion标准,准则
Assumptions
引出:
Wemakethefollowingassumptionsabout……processinthispaper.
1.a. 不考虑因素
例1:
Wedonottakeintoaccountinteractionsbetweenfactors.
例2:
Theinfluenceof…canbeneglected
例3:
…is“ideal”in…,…canbeneglected.
1.b. 为了简化模型,之后反驳不正确,但是合理。
例1:
Infact(inreality)factorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodel,weignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.
例2:
Infactinrealityfactorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodel,weignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.
c. 近似
例1:
……canbeapproximatedasalinerfunctionof….
例2:
…areassumedtobethesame.Inpractice,thereisaslightdifference.
例3:
……canbeapproximatedasalinerfunctionof….
d. 细致考虑(可附原因)
例1:
Anairportconsistsof1to10concourses,eachofwithconsistsof2to50gates.Gatesinthesameconcoursearegenerallylocatedclosetooneanother,whilethetraveltimebetweenconcoursescanbequitelengthy.Hence,weassumethatinter-concoursetravelismuchlengthierthanintra-concoursetravel.
例2:
Aaveragefastwalkingspeedis250ft/min(3mph),butaveragespeedwhenarmsareimmobilized(aswhenpushingawheelchair)isonly180ft/min(2mph)[GrossandShi2001].Weassumethatanescortwalksatthesespeeds.
例3:
Anescortcanoperateonlyonewheelchairatatime.U.S.Dept.oftransportationguidelinesdiscouragesleavingWPsunattended.Hence,theescorttakesaWPtotheconnectingflightandremainsuntiltheflightleaves.
e.直接定义(假设):
例1:
Tomeasurethe……,wedefine……
例2:
Yearlyindustrystatisticscanbeusedvalid.
例3:
Sthmayberepresentedby
例4:
….areindependentandrandomlydistributed
总结:
Additionalassumptionsaremadetosimplifyanalysisforindividualsections.Theseassumptionswillbediscussedattheappropriatelocations.
figure
引用的文献数据所画的图:
1、分阶段图的引入:
Firstwestudythe……(文献),showing……underthesituation.
分阶段图的引出:
Thecompressionprocessisdividedintothree(数字)phases,asshowninthefigure:
Thefirstphase:
……deformation,accordingto……;thesecondphase:
……deformation.Thecompressiongrowsmoreslowlyandreachesthemaximum.Thethirdphase:
……deformation:
Aftercompressionreachesthemaximum,therateofdeformationstartstofall.Theunrecoverabledeformationgoesonincreasing.(2003—65)
2、引用已有的模型图:
Amodelofflowrateforinstanttotalfailureisrighttriangular【U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers1997】.(seeFigure1)(2005—53\54)
3、通过历史数据作图:
WevalidateourmodelbyexamininghistoricalHIVratesfromprenatalclinicsinSouthAfricabetween1995and2005(Figure1).(2006—244)
4、拟合的图形:
Figure1showsthenumberofbagsstillleftfortheEDStoprocessatairportAaftereachminuteinairportB,theresultsaresimilar.(2003—260)
自己根据计算所画的图:
1、为了…….(目的),我们作了…….图。
Todemonstratebetterthechangeinflowratewithtimewhenthebreachbeginstform,weplotoverashorterrangeoftimeinFigure5.(2005—55)
Weplotforvaluesoffrom6to13,instepsof0.25,togetherwiththebest-fitquartic,inFigure2(2005—92)
2、根据数据拟合的图:
Fitting(式子)tothedatain(表),