定语从句.docx
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定语从句
高考定语从句复习课教案
Heisthemanthat/whowantstoseeyou.
先行词 关系词（在从句中充当主语）
定语从句（AttributiveClauses）定义：
在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的特点：
1.位置：
定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。
2.先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
3.关系词（引导词）：
引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
Findoutthemistakesinthesentencesandcorrectthem.
1.I’llneverforgetthedaysthatweworkedtogether.
2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwespenttogether.
答案:
1.that改为when 2.when改为that 错误分析:
关系代词和关系副词使用混淆
关系代词和关系副词的作用
正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
关系词一共有9个,它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
关系词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
说明
that
人/物
人/物
√
×
√
不能用于非限制性从句
which
物
物
×
√
×
which作宾语很少见
who
人
√
√
×
×
who可代替whom作宾语
whom
×
人
×
×
×
whose
×
×
×
人/物
×
when
×
×
×
×
√
where
×
×
×
×
√
why
×
×
×
×
√
as
主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as…,thesame...as...,as...
as...结构中
考点一：
如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
Iwillneverforgettheday when Ifirstwenttoschool.
Iwillneverforgettheday which/that wespentinBeijing.
Thehousewhich/thatwevisitedisbeingrepairednow.
ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.
巩固性训练：
用关系词填空
1.Theman___________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.
2.Achild__________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.
3.Couldyoutellmethereason______youarelate.
4.Idon’tknowtheboy__________youtalkedwith.
5.Beijingistheplace________Icame.
6.Gonearethedays ____weusedforeignoil.
答案1.who/that 2.whose 3.why 4.（whom/that） 5.where 6.when
提示:
:
引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
实例分析:
1.Isthisthemuseum____weheldtheexhibition?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
2.Isthismuseum____youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
提示：
先把以上句子变为肯定句
例1变为肯定句：
Thisisthemuseum_____________weheldtheexhibition.
例2变为肯定句：
Thismuseumis__________________youvisitedafewdaysago.
答案：
1.where 2.theone（that/which）
（小结）解题步骤：
通读全句，首先判断是什么句型；
题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式；
找出从句部分及先行词；
分析从句的句子结构，判断从句中所缺的成分，缺主语、宾语或定语用关系代词；
不缺主语、宾语或定语时选用关系副词做状语。
考点二:
关系代词which和that的区别
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:
1.先行词被①形容词最高级；②序数词；③theonly,thevery,theright,thesame修饰时。
ThisistheonlybookthatIboughttoday.
2.先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。
Isthisallthatisleft？
3.先行词中既有人又有物时。
Lookatthemanandhishorsethatarewalkingupthestreet.
4.先行词在从句中作表语。
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
5.当主句中含有疑问词which或who时,为避免重复，常用that代替who或which。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
6.主句以therebe开头时
ThereislittlethatIcandotomakeupforthelosttime.
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的情况：
1.在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。
ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.
2.Which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.
考点三：
as与which引导的定语从句
二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
在下列情况下一般只能用as：
（1）as放在句首，而which不能。
（2）as本身有“正如……；正像……”之意，而which没有；
此时as常和know,see,expect,announce,suggest,hope,believe等连用。
e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.
由as构成的常用短语
Aseverybodyknows/Asisknowntoeverybody
Aswecansee
Asisoftenthecase
Asisreportedinthenewspaper
（3）当先行词被thesame,such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导
e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.
Ihavethesameplanasyou.
thesame…as（指同类的东西） thesame…that（指同一个东西）
ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.
ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.
Translatethefollowingtwosentences.
1.众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
Asisknowntoeveryone,Chinaisacountrythathasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
2.他戴着你昨天买的同样手表。
Heiswearingthesamewatchasyouboughtyesterday.
考点四：
whose用法及转换形式
1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。
Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?
Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.
2.Whose引导的从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：
即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom
=ofwhich/whom+the+n.
Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.
=Helivesintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
考点五：
介词+关系代词
提醒:
介词﹢关系代词（whom/which）引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.
Theteacherforwhomyouarewaitingiscoming.
ThisistheroominwhichLuXunusedtolive.
方法一:
根据从句中动词的习惯搭配
Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.
Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis3000,000kmpersecond.
方法二:
根据先行词的习惯搭配
Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen,inwhichfiresburnmuchbetter.
Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.
方法三:
根据句子所需要的意思
注意：
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替
非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“名词/数词/代词+ofwhich/whom”的结构，如：
Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.
实例分析：
1．（2004湖北卷） Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelarger B.thelargerofthem C.thelargeronethat D.thelargerofwhich
解析：
答案为D。
thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词。
2.（2004辽宁卷）Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.
A.ofwhich B.whichof C.ofthem D.ofthat
解析：
答案为A。
80%ofwhich指代的是80%oftheshoes。
本题意为：
这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
3.Therearealtogether56studentsinourclass,______isanewcomerfromamountainvillage.
A.themosthard-workingofwho B.ofwhomthemosthard-working
C.themosthard-workingofthem D.butthemosthard-workingofwhom
答案为B
介词+关系代词时介词的位置
Themanwhomyouspoketowasascientist.
Thecitywhichshelivesinisfaraway.
Themanwho/whomyouspoketowasascientist.
Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisfaraway.
Themantowho/whomyouspokewasascientist.
Thecityin that/whichshelivesisfaraway.
提醒who、that不能用与介词之后
Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?
TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.
注意：
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，不能提前。
如：
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
练习:
介词+关系代词的使用
1. Doyoulikethebook shepaid$10?
2. Hebuiltatelescope hecouldstudytheskies.
3. Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.
4.Thereisatalltreeoutside, standsourteacher.
5.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.
6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
使用定语从句时应注意的问题
1.Idon’tliketheway______hespeaks.
A.that B.which C.how D.who
答案B 提醒：
当先行词为way时，意为“方式，方法”，引导词可以为that,inwhich或省略
2.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswho_____（give）uswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.
Itisoneofthebestfilmsthat______（have）beenshownrecently.
答案：
gives,have提醒：
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。
oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词
theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词
3.Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.
答案A 提醒：
先行词是situation,pointcase,scene,stage…，引导词一般用where,或用inwhich
4.Thisistheman______Ibelieveishonest.
Wefeelthechildren______wethinkarehungry.
答案：
who,who 提醒：
定语从句中加插入语：
关系代词和动词之间有时有一个插入语，常用做插入语的动词有believe,think,suppose,guess,say等解题时应注意把插入语成分取出。
5.分隔式定语从句
ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
Afastfoodrestaurantistheplacewhere,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.
ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.
注意：
定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语，状语或谓语隔开。
练习：
1.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,____sheboughtamonthago.
A.whom B.where C.that D.which
2.ThescienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
3.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
A.why B.where C.which D.that
4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhich B.inwhich C.ofwhich D.fromwhich
5.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.
A.ofwhich B.onwhich C.fromwhich D.abovewhich
6.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,____arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthem B.mostofwhich C.mostofwhat D.mostofthat
7.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
A.who B.which C.why D.when
8.Wewentthroughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.which B.whose C.inwhich D.withwhich
9.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,____therewon’tbemuchwork.
A.where B.that C.bywhich D.withoutwhich
10.Tom’srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.
A.that B.which C.who D.where
11.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
12.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,____hefoundajobinabigcompany.
A.afterthat B.afterwhich C.afterit D.afterthis
13.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoaday-carecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.
A.then B.there C.while D.where
14.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
15.Lastweekonlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,____wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthem B.bothofthem C.noneofwhom
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