考博英语词汇.docx
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考博英语词汇
考博英语词汇
（1）
第一部分词汇记忆策略
1．全脑活化
人类左右脑分析比较：
左脑：
意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑
右脑：
无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、
直觉
右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：
1．超高速大量记忆机制
2．图像化机能
3．超高速演算机能
4．共振共鸣机能
2．举例说明：
132********0152111241922131425
3．词汇记忆策略：
联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配
✧euthanasia,chrysanthemum
✧flower----rose,lily,tulip,peony,carnation,camellia,azalea,narcissus,chrysanthemum,forget-me-not,poinsettia,…
✧receive---deceive---conceive（-ceive=take;con-=共同）
✧tumble---stumble（tumble…into/through跌倒；stumble…over/on脚下拌到东西而跌倒）
✧stationary---stationery（文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有"e",故见到"e"就想起是文具。
）
✧genius---genuine（含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！
另一个就是“真正的”）,
✧form---deform确（形状；变形）
✧attachto
第二部分实例练习
1．联想法
carnation,narcissus,coroner,chandelier,hippocampus,assassinate,antarctic,armour，abalone,flounder,cult,beau
2．串联法
network:
Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---logon…
3．构词法
-age（状态、特性、行为）
page/rage,advantage/disadvantage,message/massage,courage/encourage,voltage/mileage,village/cottage,luggage/carriage,garage
coverage,cabbage,shortage,leakage,breakage,passage,postage,bondage（bond结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）,damage,garbage（garb衣服）,manage,spillage,
usage,storage,savage,sausage（sauce）,dosage
language,image,heritage,engage
-ward
inward,outward,forward,backward,toward,upward,downward,seaward,skyward,---coward,reward,award,
a-（构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。
。
。
）
apart,aloud,around,away,afar,aboard,across
alike,acute,alive,asleep,aware
amaze,amend,amuse,arise,ascribe,avail,await,awake,award,abound,abridge,amount
affirm,acclaim,accompany,account,arrange,array,arrest,arrow
4．近义词
Merchants煤商
Blamefor
Income
Thieves
Dealers
买进卖出商人
Condemnfor
Wages
Burglars
Businessmen
（广义）商人
Accuseof
Salary
Robbers
Tradesmen
（英）店主
Criticizefor
Pay
Bandits
Scene特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Announce
Buyers
Synthetic
Scenery一国一地的自然风光
Publish
Shoppers
False
Views特别的景象
Advertise
Customers
Imitation
Nature强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象
Inform
Clients
Counterfeit
Artificial
Urgent紧急
Substitute
Particular
Hasty草率
Selection
Peculiar
Mortal
Instant立刻
Preference
Special
Fatal
Prompt快速；及时
Alternative
Unusual
Deadly
Contend竞争；斗争
Fraud
Preliminary
Imaginative
Compete比赛；竞争
Deceive
Primary
Imaginable
Struggle斗争
Cheat
Elementary
Imagined
Conflict斗争
Dupe
Fundamental
Imaginary
Hinder
Decline
Perplex
Reproach
Preclude
Deny
Puzzle
Scold
Detain
Reject
Confuse
Compliment
Retard
Refuse
Reprimand
Hamper
Protract
Reliable
Fatigued
Empty
Postpone
Confident
Tired
Blank
Cancel
Faithful
Exhausted
Vacant
Delay
Dependent
Bored
Bare
Adjourn
5．近形词
fiction
fraction
friction
function
tumble
stumble
scramble
humble
tremble
resume
consume
assume
presume
resumption
consumption
assumption
presumption
bore
core
pore
sore
simplify
modify
verify
rectify
justify
testify
rectify
verify
transcription
subscription
prescription
description
attribute
contribute
distribute
tribute
attitude
altitude
aptitude
descriptive
prescriptive
interference
interruption
intervention
interaction
transaction
transmission
transformation
transition
contact
intact
possibility
validity
reliability
security
conceivable
perceivable
arise
rise
raise
arouse
respectful
respectable
respected
respective
detain
attain
retain
certain
contain
room
doom
boom
loom
intense
intentional
intensive
intending
intended
assure
ensure
insure
reassure
sometimes
sometime
sometime
sometimes
hatch
catch
patch
match
bare
rare
care
dare
fare
hare
banish
vanish
diminish
admonish
durability
flexibility
versatility
hostility
cooperate
coordinate
correlate
correspond
observe
reserve
conserve
preserve
deserve
prior
superior
inferior
senior
junior
sparrow
swallow
hollow
sorrow
narrow
pillow
bold
cold
fold
gold
hold
mold
sold
told
migrant
immigrant
immigrate
immigration
emigrant
emigrate
emigration
edge
hedge
wedge
pledge
deduce
reduce
produce
induce
seduce
preclude
exclude
include
form
deform
inform
transform
conform
contempt
attempt
prompt
except
accept
concept
percept
receive
deceive
conceive
perceive
achieve
believe
grieve
relieve
自测题：
1.不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。
利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：
1．____________________2.__________________3._________________
4._____________________5.__________________6._________________
7._____________________8.__________________9._________________
10.____________________11._________________12.________________
2.列出以下单词的近义词：
1.income
2.mortal
3.urgent
4.synthetic
5.deceive
6.retard
7.empty
8.confuse
9.buyer
10.contend
3.列出以下单词的近形词：
1.tumble
2.description
3.justify
4.attain
5.attribute
6.prior
汉英对照
近义词
Merchants煤商
Dealers买进卖出商人
Businessmen（广义）商人
Tradesmen（英）店主
Scene特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Scenery一国一地的自然风光
Views特别的景象
Nature强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象
Urgent紧急
Hasty草率
Instant立刻
Prompt快速；及时
Contend搏斗；争夺（competeagainstsb.inordertogainsth.）
Compete比赛；竞争（trytobemoresuccessfulthananotherpersonororganizationinbusiness）
competewithsb.forsth./competeforoffice（争夺公职）/against
Struggle斗争（tryhardtoachievesth.）struggleagainstdifficulties/struggleforfreedom
Conflict斗争（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。
）aconflictofopinion（分歧）;Thetwoaccountsofwhathadhappenedconflictedwitheachother.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。
）
Hinder:
makeitdifficultforsb.todosth.Orforsth.todevelop
Highinvestrateswillhindereconomicgrowth.
Preclude:
（formal）preventsth.ormakesth.impossible
Agealonewillnotprecludehimfromstandingasacandidate.
Detain:
（officially）preventsb.fromleavingsomeplace（拘留；扣押）
Delaysb.whowantstoleave,bytalkingtothem,askingthemtodosth.（耽搁；留住）
Hewasdetainedbyaflattireonhiswayhome.
Thepolicedetainedthemantomakefurtherinquiries.
Retard:
（formal）todelaythedevelopmentofsth.ortomakesth.happenmoreslowlythanexpected.（妨碍；推迟）
Coldweatherretardsthegrowthofmanyplants.
Badroadsretardthecar（失修的公路阻滞了车速。
）
Hamper:
restrictsb.movement,activities,achievementsbycausingdifficultiesforthem.
Women'sprogressintheworkplaceisstillhamperedbymale'sattitudes.
Hampersb.fromgettingelected.
Protract:
lastalongtime,esp.longerthanusual
Protractednegotiations旷日持久的谈判
Protractone'sstayforsomeweeks多呆了几个星期
Postpone:
changeanevent,actiontoalatertimeordate
GailandLisahavedecidedtopostponehavingafamilyforawhile.
Thematchhadtobepostponed.
Cancel:
arrangethataplannedactivityoreventwillnotnowhappen.
Thefootballgamehadbeencancelledduetorain.
Delay:
waituntilalatertimetodosth.
Don'tdelayclaimingoryoumaylosebenefit.
Adjourn:
finishorstopforashorttime
Thechairmanhasthepowertoadjournthemeetingatanytime.
Blamefor把……归于
Condemnfor谴责
Accusesb.ofsth.指责
Criticizefor批判
Announce宣布；通知
Publish发表；出版
Advertise为……做广告
Inform告知（informsb.ofsth.）
Substitute:
sth.newordifferentthatyouuseinsteadofsth.elsethatyouusedpreviously.替代品；替补
Substituteteacher代课教师
Selection:
thecarefulchoiceofaparticularpersonorthingfromamongagroupofsimilarpeopleorthings.
Preference:
ifyoulikeapreferenceforsth.youlikeitmorethananotherthing.
Alternative:
sth.thatyoucanchoosetodooruseinsteadofsth.else
Fraud:
amethodofillegallygettingmoneyfromsb.,oftenbyusingcleverandcomplicatedmethods.
Deceive:
makesb.believesth.thatisnottrueinordertogetwhatyouwant.
Cheat:
behaveinadishonestwayinordertowinortogetanadvantage,esp.incompetitive,game,exams.
Dupe:
trickordeceivesb.哄骗；诈骗
Consumersarebeingdupedintobuyingfaultyelectronicgoods.
Decline:
refusetodosth.（比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）
Deny:
Shedeniedworkingfortheenemy=Shesaidshewasnotworkingfortheenemy（NOT:
Sherefusedtoworkfortheenemy.）
Reject:
拒绝申请，观点，计划
Refuse:
拒绝邀请
Turndown拒绝（口语）
Reliable可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。
）
Confident有信心的
Faithful忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”areliableperson,afaithfulfighter
Dependent从属的；依靠的
Income总收入
Wages按周或日付酬
Salary月薪；年薪
Pay工资
Buyers买主
Shoppers家庭中外出购物的人
Customers顾客
Clients委托人
Particular:
specialenoughtomentionseparately
Peculiar:
strange,unfamiliar,andalittlesurprising,esp.inawaythatisunpleasantorworrying.
Tastepeculiar
Special:
notordinarybutdifferentinsomewayandoftenbetterormoreimportant.
aspecialdiet
unusual:
differentfromwhatisusual
special---speciallyorespecially
specially:
usedwhenyoudosth.thatisdifferentfromwhatyouusuallydoforaparticularpurpose（withapassiveformofaverb:
aspeciallymade）
especially:
toemphasizesth.ismoreworthmentioningormoreimportantthantheotherthings,（…,especiallywhen…）
Preliminary初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）
Primary最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备
Elementary初步的；简单的
Fundamental基础的
Perplex（常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解
Makeyoufeelworriedandconfusedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand.
e.g.Iwassomewhatperplexedbyhisresponse.
Puzzle:
confusesb.ormakethemfeelslightlyanxiousbecausetheydonotunderstandsth.
e.g.Whatpuzzlesmeishowtheburglargotintothehousewithoutsettingoffthealarm.
Confuse（常用被动）
Makesb.feelthattheycannotthinkclearlyordonotunderstand.
e.g.Don'tgivemesomuchinformation.---youareconfusingme.
Iwasconfused.
Fatigued:
verytired.
e.g.fatiguedafterherlongjourney,Billfellintoadeepsleep.
Tired:
feelingt
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