牛津高二模块5unit3P49.docx

牛津高二模块5unit3P49.docx

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牛津高二模块5unit3P49

牛津高二模块5unit3P49-57单词

profession 

/prəˈfeʃn;prəˋfɛʃən/n

（a）[C]paidoccupation,esponethatrequiresadvancededucationandtraining,egarchitecture,lawormedicine职业（尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者,如建筑师﹑律师或医师之职业）:

advisingcollegeleaversontheirchoiceofprofession给予院校毕业生以择业上的指导*theacting,legal,medical,etcprofession演员﹑律师﹑医师等职业.（b）theprofession[CGp]bodyofpeopleworkinginaparticularprofession（某）职业界;同业:

Thelegalprofession（ielawyers）has/havealwaysresistedchange.法律界人士对变革总是加以抵制.=>Usageattrade1用法见trade1.

[C]~ofsthpublicstatementorclaimofsth表示;表白;宣言:

aprofessionofbelief,faith,loyalty,etc信念﹑信仰﹑忠诚等的表白*Hisprofessionsofconcerndidnotseemsincere.他所表示的关心看来并非出自内心.

（idm习语）byprofessionasone'spaidoccupation作为职业:

Sheisalawyerbyprofession.她的职业是律师.*Theauthoroftheguidebookisanarchitectbyprofession.该手册的作者任职建筑师.

radiation 

/ˏreɪdɪˈeɪʃn;ˏredɪˋeʃən/n

[U]（a）（thesendingoutof）heat,energy,etcintheformofrays（热﹑能等的）放射;辐射的热﹑能等:

acombinationofradiationandconvection,eginagasfire辐射和对流的结合（如在煤气炉中）.（b）（thesendingoutof）raysandatomicparticlesfromradioactivesubstances（自放射性物质中放射出的）射线和原子粒子;放射;放射现象:

alow/highlevelofradiation低[高]强度辐射*[attrib作定语]Somecancersaretreatedbyradiationtherapy.有些癌症可用放射疗法治疗.

[C]thingthatisradiated,espradioactiveparticles放射物;（尤指）放射性微粒,放射线:

radiationsemittedbyanX-raymachineX射线机放射出来的放射线.

#radi`ationsicknessillnesscausedwhenthebodyisexposedtohighradiation,egfromradioactivematerialorX-rays放射病;辐射病.

breakthrough 

break·through/ˈbreɪkθruː/n[C]

animportantnewdiscoveryinsomethingyouarestudying,especiallyonemadeaftertryingforalongtime

breakthroughin

Scientistshavemadeamajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.

original 

/əˈrɪdʒənl;əˋrɪdʒənl/adj

[attrib作定语]existingfromthebeginning;firstorearliest原始的;最初的;原先的;最早的:

TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.印第安人是北美最早的居民.*Ipreferyouroriginalplantothisone.我认为你原来的计画比这个好.

（usuapprov通常作褒义）（a）newlycreatedorformed;fresh新创的;新颖的;创新的:

anoriginalidea创见*Hisdesignsarehighlyoriginal.他的设计独树一帜.（b）abletoproducenewideas;creative有创见的;创造性的:

anoriginalthinker,writer,painter,etc有创见的思想家﹑作家﹑画家等*anoriginalmind有创造力的头脑.

painted,written,etcbytheartist;notcopied创作的;非抄袭的;非模仿的:

Theoriginalmanuscripthasbeenlost;thisisacopy.原稿已失,这是副本.

>originaln

1theoriginal[C]theearliestformofsth（fromwhichcopiescanbemade）原作;原稿;原型;原物:

Thispaintingisacopy;theoriginalisinMadrid.这幅画是复制品,原作在马德里.*Thisisatranslation;theoriginalisinFrench.这是译文,原文是法文的.

2theoriginal[sing]languageinwhichsthwasfirstwritten原文（最初写作时所用的文字）:

readHomerintheoriginal,ieinancientGreek读荷马的（古希腊文）原作.

3（infmlespjoc口,尤作戏谑语）personwhothinks,behaves,dresses,etcunusually;eccentricperson（思考﹑行为﹑衣着等）与众不同的人,古怪的人:

HerAuntEffieiscertainlyanoriginal.她的姨妈埃菲真是个怪人.

originality/əˏrɪdʒəˈnælətɪ;əˏrɪdʒəˋnælətɪ/n[U]stateorqualityofbeingoriginal

（2）创新;独创性;创造力;独特:

Herdesignshavegreatoriginality.她的设计十分新颖.*Theworklacksoriginality,ieiscopiedorimitated.那作品缺乏创造性.

originally/-nəlɪ;-nlɪ/adv1inanoriginal

（2）way独创地;独特地:

speak,think,write,etcoriginally说得﹑想得﹑写得...富有创见.2fromorinthebeginning最初;起先;本来:

Theschoolwasoriginallyquitesmall.这所学校原先很小.

#o,riginal`sin（religion宗）（inChristianity）conditionofwickednessthoughttobepresentineverybodysinceAdamandEvefirstsinnedinthegardenofEden（基督教义中的）原罪（人与生俱来的罪,始於亚当夏娃在伊甸园中犯的罪）.

judgement 

（also,espinlegaluse,judgment也作judgment,尤用於法律条文）/ˈdʒʌdʒmənt;ˋdʒʌdʒmənt/n

[C]~（of/aboutsth）opinionaboutsth意见;看法:

makeanunfairjudgementofsb'scharacter对某人的品格做出不公正的评语*Myjudgementisthat/Inmyjudgementtheplanisill-conceived.我的意见是[据我看来]该计划考虑不周.

[C,U]decisionofalawcourtorjudge;verdict（法庭或法官的）判决;裁决:

Thejudgementwasgiveninfavouroftheaccused,ietheaccusedwasdeclarednotguilty.判决为被告无罪.*Thecourthasstilltopassjudgement（iegiveadecision）inthiscase.法庭对此案仍需做出判决.

（a）[U]abilitytocometosensibleconclusionsandmakewisedecisions;goodsense;discernment决断力;判断力;见识;眼力:

Helackssoundjudgement.他缺乏准确的判断力.*display/exercise/showexcellentjudgement显示出[运用/表现出]卓越的决断力.（b）[U,C]actionorprocessofjudging判断:

errorsofjudgement判断的错误.

[sing]a~（onsb）misfortuneconsideredtobeapunishmentfromGodfordoingsthwrong报应;天谴:

Thisfailureisajudgementonyouforbeingsolazy.这次失败是你懒惰的报应.

（idm习语）againstone'sbetterjudgement=>better1.anerrorofjudgement=>error.reservejudgement=>reserve1.sitinjudgement=>sit.

#`JudgementDay（alsotheDayof`Judgement,theLast`Judgement）thedayattheendoftheworldwhenGodwilljudgeeveryonewhohaseverlived最後审判日;世界末日.

burn（itself）out（a）（ofafire）stopburningbecausethereisnomorefuel（指火）因燃料用尽而熄灭:

Thefirehadburnt（itself）outbeforethefirebrigadearrived.在消防队赶到以前,火已（自行）熄灭.（b）（ofarocket）finishitssupplyoffuel（指火箭）燃料用尽.burn（sth）out（causesthto）stopworkingbecauseoffrictionorexcessiveheat（使某物）因摩擦或过热而不能操作;烧坏:

Theclutchhasburntout.离合器因过热而失灵.*burnoutafuse,motor,transformer烧坏保险丝﹑发动机﹑变压器.burnoneselfoutexhaustoneselforruinone'shealth,espbyworkingtoohard筋疲力尽或损害了自己的健康（尤指因劳累过度）:

Ifhedoesn'tstopworkingsohard,he'llburnhimselfout.他继续这样拚命地工作,就会累垮的.burnsbout（esppassive尤用於被动语态）forcesbtoleavehishousebyburningit放火烧某人的房子迫使其离去:

Thefamilywasburntout（ofhouseandhome）andforcedtoleavethearea.这家人因为房子被人放火烧了,不得不离开这个地区.burnsthout（esppassive尤用於被动语态）completelydestroysthbyburning;gutsth烧光某物;烧空某物:

Thehotelwascompletelyburntout.该旅馆毁於大火.*theburnt-outwreckofacar汽车焚毁後的残骸.

burnoutphrv

ifafireburnsoutorburnsitselfout,itstopsburningbecausethereisnocoal,woodetcleft

Heleftthefiretoburnitselfout.

beburntout

ifabuildingorvehicleisburntout,theinsideofitisdestroyedbyfire

Thehotelwascompletelyburntout.Onlythewallsremained.

Wepassedseveralburntoutcars.

burnsth⇔out

toremovesomethingbyburningit

Thecancercellsareburntoutusingalaserbeam.

toworksohardoveraperiodoftimethatyoubecomeunabletocontinueworkingbecauseyouaretired,ill,orunabletothinkofanynewideas

It'sahigh-pressurejobandyoucouldburnoutyoung.

be/getburntout

Hewasalmostburntoutbythetimehewas21.

burnyourselfout

She'sindangerofburningherselfout.

→burnout

ifanengineorelectricwireburnsoutorisburntout,itstopsworkingbecauseithasbeendamagedbygettingtoohot

Theplugsarewiredsothatifoneburnsout,theotherswillstillstarttheengine.

burnsth⇔out

Ithinkyou'veburntoutoneofthegaskets.

ifarocketorjetburnsout,itstopsworkingbecauseallitsfuelhasbeenused

relation 

/rɪˈleɪʃn;rɪˋleʃən/n

[U]~（betweensthandsth）;~（tosth）wayinwhichonepersonorthingisrelatedtoanother;similarity,contrastorconnectionbetweenpeople,thingsorevents（人或事物与他者的）联系,关联,关系:

therelationbetweenrainfallandcropproduction降雨量与作物产量之间的关系*Thecostofthisprojectbears/has/showsnorelationtotheresults,ieItdoesnotjustifythem.此项目的费用与其成果不相称.

（a）[C]personwhoisrelatedtoanother;relative亲戚;亲属:

aclose/near/distantrelationofmine我的近亲[较近的亲戚/远亲]*arelationbymarriage/law姻亲.（b）[U]familyconnection;kinship亲戚关系;亲属关系:

Isheanyrelation（toyou）?

他（跟你）是亲戚吗?

*He'snorelation（tome）.他（跟我）不是亲戚.*Whatrelationareyou（toeachother）?

ieHowareyourelated?

你们（彼此之间）是什麽亲属关系?

relations[pl]~s（betweensb/sthandsb/sth）;~s（withsb/sth）linksorcontactsbetweenpeople,groups,countries,etc;dealings（人﹑团体﹑国家等之间的）关系,联系;交往:

diplomatic,international,businessrelations外交﹑国际﹑业务关系*thefriendlyrelations（existing）betweenourcountries我们国家之间（存在的）友好关系*Relationsareratherstrained（iedifficultorawkward）atpresent.目前关系有些紧张.*breakoff（all）relationswithone'sfamily与家庭断绝了（一切）联系.

（idm习语）have（sexual）relations（withsb）haveintercourse（withsb）与（某人）发生（性）关系;与（某人）性交.in/withrelationtosb/sth（fml文）concerningsb/sth;withreferencetosb/sth与某人[某事物]有关;涉及某人[某事物].apoorrelation=>poor.

publicre`lations（abbr缩写,P`R）

1workofpresentingagoodimageofanorganization,acommercialfirm,etctothepublic,espbydistributinginformation公关工作;公关活动:

Sheworksinpublicrelations.她从事公关工作.

2relationship（espafriendlyone）betweenanorganization,etcandthepublic公共关系:

Wesupportlocalartisticevents;it'sgoodforpublicrelations.我们赞助本地的艺术活动;这有利於促进公共关系.,publicre`lationsofficer（abbr缩写,PR`O）personemployedinpublicrelations公共关系人员.

Ifyoufollowinsomeone'sfootsteps,youdothesamethingsastheydidearlier.

MyfatherisextremelyproudthatIfollowedinhisfootstepsandbecameadoctor.

followinsb's`footstepsdoassbelsedoes;followasimilaroccupationorlife-styleassbelse效法他人;从事与他人同样的职业或采取相同的生活方式:

Sheworksintheatre,followinginherfather'sfootsteps.她继承父业,也从事戏剧工作.

conduct1 

/ˈkɔndʌkt;ˋkɑndʌkt/n[U]

person'sbehaviour（espitsmoralaspect）（人的）行为（尤指道德方面）;品德;品行:

therulesofconduct行为准则*Theprisonerwasreleasedearlybecauseofgoodconduct.这罪犯因表现良好提前获释.

~ofsthmannerofdirectingormanaging（abusiness,campaign,etc）（对业务﹑作战等的）指导﹑指挥﹑管理或经营（的方式）:

TherewasgrowingcriticismoftheGovernment'sconductofthewar.政府领导作战的方式受到越来越多的批评.

conduct2 

/kənˈdʌkt;kənˋdʌkt/v

[Tn.pr,Tn.p]leadorguide（sb/sth）领导﹑指导﹑引导或带领（某人[某事物]）:

Iaskedtheattendanttocondu