高中英语 Unit2 Healthy Eating教案3 新人教版必修3Word格式.docx
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方法
Understandthroughreadingthematerialsanddiscussions.
Basedonunderstanding,guideduseofthemodalverbsinsimulatedsituations.
Independentpracticeforconsolidation.
情感
态度
价值观
Communicationisnotonlytocommunicatefactsbutalsomoodsandfeelings.
Goodcommunicationofmoodsandfeelingsisamostimportantpartofeffectivecommunication.
设
计
重点难点分析
Functionandpropertiesofmodalverbs.
Practicaluseofmodalverbs.
教学
技术
设备
Multi-media
环
节
习
1、学习的主要知识
Functionandusageofmodalverbs.
2、需要掌握的方法
Situationcenteredpractice
课
题
概
述
本节知识的主要意义
Goodcommunicationofmoodsandfeelingswithmodalverbsisamostimportantpartofeffectivecommunication.
本节知识在知识体系中的地位和联系
“Modalverb+do”isoneofthewaysoffivewaysofhowthepredicateisformed.
石家庄市第一中学教案
教学环节
分析讲解
学生活动设计
Stepone
Introduction
IntheEnglishlanguage,amodalverbisanauxiliaryverbthatcanbeusedtochangethegrammaticalmoodofasentence.Thekeywaytoidentifyamodalverbisbyitsdefectiveness（theyhaveneitherparticiplesnorinfinitives）.
ThemodalverbsinEnglishareasfollows,pairedaspresentandpreteriteforms:
shallandshould
willandwould
mayandmight
canandcould
must
Thefollowingarenotmodalverbsbutmaybeusedforasimilarpurpose:
oughttoandhadbetter
usedto
dareandneed
do
goingto
haveto
Howthemodalverbsareused（I）
Shallandwill
Shallisusedinmanyofthesamesensesaswill,thoughnotalldialectsuseshallproductively,andthosethatusebothshallandwillgenerallydrawadistinction（thoughdifferentdialectstendtodrawdifferentdistinctions）.Instandard,perhapsold-fashionedEnglish,shallinthefirstperson,singularorplural,indicatesmerefuturity,butinotherpersonsshowsanorder,commandorprophecy:
"
Cinderella,youshallgototheball!
"
Itis,therefore,impossibletomakeshallquestionsinthesepersons.Shallwe?
makessense,shallyou?
doesnot.
Shallderivesfromamainverbmeaningtoowe,andindialectsthatusebothshallandwill,itisoftenusedininstanceswhereanobligation,ratherthananintention,isexpressed.
Shallisalsousedinlegalandengineeringlanguagetowritefirmlawsandspecificationsasintheseexamples:
Thoseconvictedofviolatingthislawshallbeimprisonedforatermofnotlessthanthreeyearsnormorethansevenyears,"
and"
Theelectronicsassemblyshallbeabletooperatewithinitsspecificationsoveratemperaturerangeof0degreesCelsiusto70degreesCelsius."
Should
Shouldiscommonlyused,evenindialectswhereshallisnot.Thenegationis"
shouldnot"
（orthecontraction"
shouldn'
t"
）.
Shouldcandescribeanidealbehaviouroroccurrenceandimpartsanormativemeaningtothesentence;
forexample,"
Youshouldneverlie"
meansroughly,"
Ifyoualwaysbehavedperfectly,youwouldneverlie"
;
Ifthisworks,youshouldnotfeelathing"
Ihopethiswillwork.Ifitdoes,youwillnotfeelathing."
Indialectsthatuseshallcommonly,however,thisrestrictiondoesnotapply;
forexample,aspeakerofsuchadialectmightsay,"
IfIfailedthattest,IthinkIshouldcry,"
meaningthesamethingas,"
IfIfailedthattest,IthinkIwouldcry."
Insomedialects,itiscommontoformthesubjunctivemoodbyusingshould:
Itisimportantthatthelawshouldbepassed"
（whereotherdialectswouldsay,"
Itisimportantthatthelawbepassed"
）or"
Ifitshouldhappen,wearepreparedforit"
（or"
Shouldithappen,wearepreparedforit"
whereearlyModernEnglishwouldsay,"
Ifithappen,wearepreparedforit,"
andmanydialectsoftodaywouldsay,"
Ifithappens,wearepreparedforit"
Mayandmight
Mayandmightdonothavecommonnegativecontractions（equivalentstoshan'
t,won'
t,can'
t,couldn'
tetc）,althoughmightn'
tcanoccurinaskingquestions.（"
Mightn'
tIcomeinifItookmymuddybootsoff?
asareplyto"
Don'
tcomeinhere!
You'
llgetthefloordirty!
）
Bothformscanbeusedtoexpressapresenttimepossibilityoruncertainty（"
Thatmaybe."
）.Mightandcouldcanalsobeusedinthissensewithnopasttimemeaning.Mightandmaywouldcarrythesamemeaningin"
Johnisnotintheofficetoday,andhecouldbesick."
Mayisalsousedtoexpressirrelevanceinspiteofcertainorlikelytruth:
HemaybetallerthanIam,butheiscertainlynotstronger"
maymeanroughly,"
WhileitistruethatheistallerthanIam,thatdoesnotmakeadifference,asheiscertainlynotstronger."
（However,itmayalsomean,"
IamnotsurewhetherheistallerthanIam,butIamsurethatheisnotstronger."
）Thisisthemeaninginthephrase"
Bethatasitmay."
Mightcanbeusedinthissenseaswell.
Mightcanbeusedinthefirstpersontoexpressthatfutureactionsarebeingconsidered."
Imightgotothemalllater"
meansthatthespeakeristhinkingaboutgoingtothemall.
Mayormightcanbeusedinaquestiontoaskforpermission.Onewhoissaying"
MayIuseyourphone?
”isaskingforpermissiontousethephoneofthepersonbeingspokento.'
Can'
or'
could'
canbeusedinstead,althoughformalAmericanEnglishprefers'
may'
.Inbothcasesthepreteritformisviewedasmorehesitantorpolite.
Canandcould
Thenegationofcanisthesingleword"
cannot"
occasionallywrittenastwowords"
cannot"
[3]orthecontraction"
can'
.Thenegationofcouldis"
couldnot"
or"
couldn'
.
Canisusedtoexpressability."
IcanspeakEnglish"
means"
IamabletospeakEnglish"
IknowhowtospeakEnglish"
Itisalsousedtoexpressthatsomestateofaffairsispossible,withoutreferringtotheabilityofapersontodosomething:
Therecanbeaverystrongrivalrybetweensiblings"
canhavethesamemeaningas"
Thereissometimesaverystrongrivalrybetweensiblings"
Cannotandcan'
tcanbeusedtoexpressbeliefsaboutsituations:
Hecannothaveleftalready;
whywouldhewanttogettheresoearly?
expresseswithlesscertaintythesamepropositionas"
Hehasnotleftalready"
does.
Bothcanandcouldcanbeusedtomakerequests:
Canyoupassmethecheese?
”means"
Pleasepassmethecheese"
.Couldcanbeusedinthesameway,andmightbeconsideredmorepolite.
Must
Musthasnocorrespondingpreteritform.Thenegationis"
mustnot"
or"
mustn'
.Anarchaicvariantisthewordmote,asusedintheexpression"
somoteitbe"
Mustandhavetoareusedtoexpressthatsomethingisobligatory（"
Hemustleave"
）.Itcanbeusedtoexpressaprohibitionsuchas"
Youmustnotsmokeinhere"
oraresolutionsuchas"
Imustn'
tmakethatmistakeagain"
Thereisadistinctionbetweenmustandhavetointhenegativeforms.Inthesentence"
Youmustnotgo"
itisbeingexpressedthatitisobligatoryforthepersonbeingspokentonottogo;
whereasinthesentence"
Youdonothavetogo"
itisbeingexpressedthatitisnotobligatoryforthepersontogo.
Havetocanbeusedforanongoingobligation,suchas"
hehastobecareful"
Mustandhavetoareusedtoexpressbeliefs（theepistemicratherthandeonticuse）,suchas"
Itmustbeheresomewhere"
Ithastobeheresomewhere"
withthesamemeaningas"
Ibelievethatitverylikelythatitisheresomewhere
Steptwo:
Guidedexploration
can&
could
Readthefollowingsentencesandtellthemeaningofthewordsinbold:
Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.（ability）
Canshebeinthecomputercenter?
（possibility）
Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?
（request）
Youcangohomenow.（permission）
Exercises
1.Michael____beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?
A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must
3.----IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.
----Oh,didyou?
You____withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayedB.couldstay
C.wouldstayD.musthavestayed
4.MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe____yourlecture.
A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattended
C.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended
Keys:
BAAA
might&
may
---MayIwatchTVaftersupper?
---Yes,youmay.（permission）
TodayisSunday.Shemaynotbeinherofficenow.（possibility）
Youmayaswellgoandhavealook.（suggestion）
Mayyousuccess.（wish）
Exercises
1.SorryI'
mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.
A.mightB.should
C.canD.will
2.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.may
C.canD.will
3.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy；
theyjustbequietpeople.
A.mustB.may
C.shouldD.would
4.Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.（2008全国II）
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.may
ABBD
will&
would
Willyoulendmeyourbook?
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
（suggestion）
I’llneverdothatagain.（determination）
Hewilloftenreadallnight.（habit）
Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.（habit）
Thisdoorwon’topen.（failureofeffort）
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