完整版关于《飘》中女权主义毕业设计.docx

完整版关于《飘》中女权主义毕业设计.docx

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完整版关于《飘》中女权主义毕业设计

AnalysisofGonewiththewindfromthe

PerspectiveofFeminism

Abstract

MargaretMannerlyMitchell,anAmericanauthor,wonthePulitzerPrizein1937forhernovelGonewiththeWind.Itwastheonlybookshewroteinheralllife,MargaretMitchellwasborninAtlanta,whereshealwayshearaboutmanystoriesaboutthewarbetweenthenorthernandsouthernstatesinAmerican,thenwhenshewaswoundedinhome,shedeterminedtowriteabookaboutthewar.Thisnovelisoneofthemostpopularbooksofalltime.ThenovelGonewiththeWindwassetduringthetimesoftheCivilWarinAtlantic.Soonorlater,theAmericanCivilWarbrokeout.AshleyandCharlesjoinedthewar.Unfortunately,Charlesdiedinthewar.Scarlettbecameawidow,butshehasbeeninlovewithAshley.Inthefollowingarticle,firstly,ontheloveamongScarlettO’Hara,AshleyWilkesandRhettButlerwillbeintroducedbyanalyzingthecharacteristicofthethreeprincipals.Secondly,theloveofthefriendshipamongdifferentkindsofpersonwillbementioned.Thelastbutnottheleast,somethingabouttheloveoffamilymembersinthenovelofGonewiththewindwillbesaid.Finally,comparedwiththemodernsociety,whatthemethenovelrevelswillbesaid.

Keywords:

Love;Friendship;Familylove；Reality.

Introduction

AsthefirstnovelwhichdepictsAmericanCivilWarfromwomen’sperspective,Margaretfocusesonthesufferingfromthewarofthosewomenwhostayathomeandtheirdifficultjourneyofreconstruction.Literarycritics,onthebasisoftheirrespectiveknowledgeandunderstandinghavegivendifferentevaluationaboutthisnovel.MostoftheirresearcherconcentratesonthehistoricalbackgroundofAmericanCivilWar,theabolitionistthough,Scarlett’sparticularcharacterandtheculturaldiscrepancybetweentheNorthandtheSouth.ManycriticsquestiontheliteraryvalueandoutdatedracialissueofGonewiththeWind.Someconsiderthenovelsuperficialwhiletreateditonlyasimplelovestory.However,theauthorthinksthatthenovelismostvaluableifreadwithanunderstandingofthreehistoricalbackgrounds,ourown,Mitchell’s,andScarlett’s.Onthebaseofperspectiveoffeministic,thispaperwoundanalyzestheawakeningoffemaleself-consciousnessreflectedinthisnovelanditspositiveeffectonthecauseofwomenliberation.ThefirstpartofthispaperisageneralintroductiontothetheoreticalFoundationwhichmainlyaboutFeminism.Thenthefollowingchapterisanalysesofthebook,ChapterthreeisfeministanalysisofGonewiththeWindandofScarlet’scharacteristic.

2.TheIntroductiontoFeminism

Feminismisthebeliefthatwomenshouldbeallowedthesamerights,powerandopportunitiesasmenandbetreatedinthesameway,orthesetofactivitiesintendedtoachievethisstate.Hundredyearsago,women’ssocialstatuewasquitelow,womenwastreatedasappendagetomen,theyonlyhadrightsofliving,theirmanner,speakingandbehaviorwereregulatedbyaseriesofseriousrulesanddiscipline.Withtheeducationspreadingamongwomenandtheawakeningoffemaleself-consciousness,theycametorealizethattheyshoulddefendtheireconomic,politicalandotherrightsandpursueequaltreatmentlikemen.Thenthereappearfeminism.Feminismisaseriesofmovementsaimedatdefining,establishing,anddefendingequalpolitical,economic,andsocialrightsandequalopportunitiesforwomen.Feminismismainlyfocusedonwomen'sissues.

First-wavefeminismwasaseriesofactivitiesduringthenineteenthcenturyandearlytwentiethcentury.IntheU.K.andU.S.,itfocusedonpromotingequalcontract,marriage,parenting,andpropertyrightsforwomen.However,bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,activismfocusedmainlyongainingpoliticalpower,particularlytherightofwomen'svoting,thoughsomefeministswereactiveincampaigningforwomen'ssexualandeconomicrightsatthistime.

Second-wavefeminismisafeministmovementbeginningintheearly1960sandcontinuingtothe20thanditcoexistswiththird-wavefeminism.Secondwavefeminismislargelyconcernedwithissuesofequalitynotonlysuffrage,butthingslikeendingdiscrimination.Second-wavefeministstreatwomen'sculturalandpoliticalinequalitiesasitsmainpurposesthattobedealwith.Duringthisperiod,feministencouragewomentounderstandaspectsoftheirpersonallivesdeeplybymeansofpublicpromoting.ThefeministactivistandauthorCarolHamishcameupwiththesloganforthefirsttime"ThePersonalisPolitical",whichbecamesynonymouswiththesecondwave.

Third-wavefeminismisstartfrom1900tothepresent.Itaroseasaresponsetowardfailuresofthesecondwaveandalsoasaresponsetothemovementscreatedbythesecondwave.Third-wavefeminismoftencorrectthesecondwave’sideasandmovementsthatarenotgoodforfemales.Itaccommodatescontradictions;conflictandchanges.Thethirdwavehasitsoriginsinthemid-1980.FeministleasersinthesecondwavelikeGloriaAnzaldua,CherrieMoraga,andAndreLuredtriedtonegotiatefeminismthoughtthatrelatedtorace.

3.BackgroundofMargaretMitchell’sage

3.1Women’ssocialstatusinAmericansocietyreflectedinthenovel

ThestorytakesplaceinthesouthernplantationbeforeAmericanCivilWar.Atthattime,theSouthisanewreclaimedlandwheretheindustrialcivilizationhasnotyetpenetratedit.Theresidentsrestontherollingmoneygainedbycottonplantingandpicking.There,withintheshadowofchivalry,keepstheskin-deepgraceandsplendor.Womenlivingontheredsoilaredelicateflowers,tightlyclingingtomenanddecoratingmen’sworld.Theyhavenorightstovote.Norcantheycontroltheirbelongingsorchildrenaftertheygetmarried,letalonedrawawillormakeatreatywithouttheirhusbands’permission.Theirsocialstatusisparallelto“thatofaminororaslave”（DeborahL.Madsen,2006）.Theyenduredualoppressionnotonlyfrommenbutalsofromthemselves,lyinginthesubordinatesocialpositionwithouttheprivilegetomanagetheirownlives.Inthismale-dominatedworld,menstiflewomen’sdevelopmentfromeveryaspect.

Firstly,theystraineverynervetoconfinewomeninthehousetomakesurethatwomen’signorancehasnotbeencorruptedbythesocietyandtheyaresatisfiedtobethelovely“vase”.Althoughmenprovidewomenwithprotection,clothingandfoodsources,theyhaveanessentialprerequisitethatmenshouldholdprimacyaswellasthecontrolofwomen.Womenareimprisonedathomewantingeconomicindependence.Theexclusiveapproachfortheirsocialstatusandeconomicwarrantyistomarryandgivebirthtobabies.

Secondly,menalsospirituallysuppresswomen.Theymayyieldtowomenandsatisfytheirallkindsofsmallrequirementsaboutthehouseholdaffairs;neverthelessoncewomenhaveindependentopinions,theywillfeelpanicandpulleverystringtoholdthemback.Forinstance,whenScarlettbuysalumbermillanddecidestooperatebyherself,herhusbandFrank,thoughacoward,stillfeelsunacceptable:

“Frank,incommonwithallmenheknew,feltthatawifeshouldbeguidedbyherhusband’ssuperiorknowledge,shouldaccepthisopinionsinfullandhavenoneofherown”（MargaretMitchell,2008）.Thereforemen’stoleranceisonthepremiseoftheassuranceofthemale-centeredstatus.Infact,menwouldrathergiveeverythingintheworldtowomenthanallowwomentohaveintelligenceandindependentviews.Inmen’sopinion,“womenshouldbeconfinedtothedomesticsphere,nurturingchildren,maintainingthehouseholdandservingtheirhusbands”（DeborahL.Madsen,2）.Ifawomanshowsheranyintellectualadvantage,peoplewillisolateher,reputingthatshehasgobeyondherdueresponsibilitieswhicharegenerallydefinedasdressing,dancingandhousemanagement.

Regrettably,womenareimperceptiblyinfluencedbythelocationgivenfrommen.SouthernmothersinGonewiththeWindactastheexecutorofethicalcodes,inhibitingyounggirls’developmentoftheirtruecolors.TakeScarlettasanexample,sheiseducatedtobeanobedientladyevenfromchildhood.Hermotherandblackmammyhavealwaystriedtheirbesttoinstillthoseindispensablequalitiesofaladyintoher.“Youmustbemoregentle,dear,moresedate”,“Gentlemendonotlikeforwardgirls”,“Youngmissesshouldcas’downdeyeyesan’say,Well,suh,Ahmout’an’‘Jes’asyousay,suh.’”（MargaretMitchell,2008）.Beforetheirmarriage,younggirlsshouldbetenderandlovelywithwell-educatedmanners;howeverassoonastheygetmarried,womenbecomebirds,restrainedinthehouseandbusywiththehouseholdaffairsallday.Theymanagetheirhusbands’housesandeducatetheirchildren,consumingtheirintelligencejustinvarioustrivia.Moremiserablearethewidows:

wearingtheblack,noflowers,nolace,nojewelry,nofreetalks,nosocialactivitiesandevennolaughter,juststayingathomeandmourningdaylong.Nowondertheauthorcallthisasbarbarousas“HinduSettee”（MargaretMitchell,2008）.

3.2SocialinfluencesonMargaretMitchell’sfemalesense

Generallyspeaking,theauthor’sthinking,emotion,andvalueorientationarealwayskeenlyconnectedwithandinfluencedbysocialcurrents.ThesameistrueofMargaret’sfeminism.ThroughGonewiththeWind,theauthordepictsaseriesofoutstandingandtoughfemaleimages,displayingtheirenormouscontributiontotheSouth.Eitheritslanguageorthecharacters’behaviorsarepermeatedwithMargaret’sintensivefemaleconsciousness,whichactuallykeepsupwiththetimes.

4.Feminismreflectedbytypicalfemalecharacters

4.1FeminisminScarlettO’Hara

ScarlettO’Hara,theheroine,isanartisticcharacterthathasstrong,clear-cut,andrebellious