全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及答案详细解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis"
__11__tobecarcinogenic"
buthavenohardscientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.
1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till
2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence
3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern
4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled
6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by
7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid
8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially
9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While
10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto
13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall
15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern
16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]ingeneral
18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully
19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition
20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"
townofculture"
award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£
220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'
town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"
yearofculture"
washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;
theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'
syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"
couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'
speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"
awardwould___.
A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrain'
stowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'
D.focusBrain'
slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattempt
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
25.Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£
900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£
210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;
bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"
partlybecause________
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and
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