水利水文术语表中英对照.docx
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水利水文术语表中英对照
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水圈hydrosphere稳渗steadyinfiltration
下渗能力水体waterbodyinfiltrationcapability
河川径流riverrunoff水科学waterscience
降雨径流rainfallrunoff水文学hydrology
暴雨径流landhydrologystormrunoff陆地水文学融雪径流snowmeltrunoff应用水文学appliedhydrology
枯季径流engineeringhydrologydryseasonrunoff工程水文学基流baseflow水汽watervapour
阴塞高压hydrologicelementsblockinghigh水文要素低空急流low－leveljet积雪snowcover
低涡vortex
终雪latestsnow
反气旋（高压）融雪snowmeltanticyclone
气旋（低压）hail
cyclone冰雹热带气旋tropiccyclone截留interception
热带低压填洼depressiondetentiontropicdepression
热带风暴地面滞留surfacedetentiontropicstorm
强热带风暴severetropicstorm陆面蒸发evaporationofland
气团evaporationofwatersurface水面蒸发airmass
锋（锋面）front土壤蒸发evaporationfromsoil
气象transpiration散发（植物蒸腾）meteorology
气候区划蒸发能力evaporationcapabilityclimaticregionalization
climaticzone
下渗（入渗）infiltration
气候带.
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小气候microclimate
界河boundaryriver
废河道（古河道）deadriver副热带（亚热带）subtropiczone
凹岸concavebank比湿specifichumidity
凸岸Beaufortwindscaleconvexbank蒲福风级岸壁霜点frostpointlandwall
水边线（岸线）waterline霜冻frostbite
堤防－freeperiodlevee无霜期frost河长riverlength流域watershed（basin）
河弯riverbend闭合流域enclosedbasin
弯曲率tortuosity不闭合流域non－enclosedbasin
航道blingdrainageareanavigablechannel闭流区（流区）河段分水线（分水岭）divide
reach
潜洲特几流域何征basinsubmergedbargeometric
水利学hydraulics
characteristics
明渠水力学resurgenceopenchannelhydraulics河道复流（河道再生）水静力学perennialstreamhydrostatics常年河水动力学hydrodynamics间歇河intermittentstream
明渠水流悬河（地上河）elevatedstreamopenchannelflow
恒定流steadyflow夺流河（断头河）capturedriver
非恒定流盈水河gainingstreamunsteadyflow
均匀流（等速流）losingstreamuniformflow亏水河uniformflow
－flashystream
暴洪河流non非均匀流（变速流）.
.
急流supercriticalflow流域产沙量watershedsedimentyield
溶解性总固体缓流subcriticalflowtotaldissolvedsolids
离子含量ionconcentration异重流densitycurrent
离子总量totalionconcentration临界流criticalflow
离子流量criticaldepthiondischarge临界水深矿化度临界流速criticalvelocitymineralcontent
盐度临界流量criticaldischargesalinity
碱度水头head
alkalinity
酸度位置水头（位能）elevationheadacidity
电导率低强水头（压能）pressureheadelectricconductivity
混浊度（浊度）turbidityvelocityhead流速水头（动能）总需氧量totaloxygendemand雷诺数Reymoldnumber
溶解氧Webernumber韦伯数dissolvedoxygen
需氧量hydraulicfactoroxygendemand
水力因素生化需氧量湿周biochemicaloxygendemandwettedperimeter
滑雪需氧量hydraulicradius水力半径chemicaloxygendemand
硬度width宽深比－hardness
depthratio
非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）fall
落差non－carbonate
hardness
驻波standingwave
浮冰移动波translationwavefloatingice
锚冰anchorice
riverdynamics河流动力学upperiod
－torrentialerosion
山洪侵蚀freeze封冻期.
.
封冻（封河）freeze－up引潮力tidalgenerationforce
天文潮－upastronomictide平封flatfreeze气象潮metorologictide立封uprightfreeze－up
潮汐周期tidalcycle冰盖icecover
半日潮groundedicecoversemidiurnaltide连底冻全日潮冰丘icemound
diurnaltide
混合潮upmixedtide封冻冰缘iceedgeoffreeze－大潮springtide清沟lead
小潮primaryleadneaptide初生清沟中潮moderatetide再生清沟secondarylead
太阴月lunarday冰花路毡sludgeroadfelt
潮期snowcoverovericedurationoftide
冰上覆雪涨潮历时冰脊iceridgedurationoftidalrise
落潮历时durationoftidalfall冰缝crack
潮流suspendedicecovertidalcurrent
悬冰涨潮流icepackfloodtidalcurrent冰堆落潮流ebbtidalcurrent冰塞icejam
憩流冰上结冰aufeis
slacktide
潮流速tidalvelocityupperiod
－解冻期break往复流reversingcurrent冰变色colorchangeoficecover
旋转流accumulationofmeltwater冰上有水rotarycurrent
durationoftidalcurrent
月中天lunartransit
潮流期.
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涨潮流历时durationoffloodcurrent导水系数（释水系数）
coefficientoftransmissivity地下水流速velocityofgroundwaterflow
贮水系数storativity
地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）
水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）hydraulicgradientofgroundwater
coefficientofwatertableconductivity－tablecontour地下水等水位线图water压力传导系数map
coefficientofpressureconductivityaquifer
含水层持水度water－含水岩系water－contentrockseriesholdingcapacity
土壤水分常数－contentrockformationsoilmoistureconstants含水岩组water土壤吸湿系数含水岩性water－contentrockpropertyabsorptioncoefficientof
soilmoisture
hearingmedium含水介质water－凋萎系数wiltingcoefficient均匀介质homogeneousmedium
田间持水量fieldcapacity非均匀介质inhomogeneousmedium
毛管断裂含水量aquiferboundary含水层边界moisturecontentatcapillaryrupture透水边界permeableboundary
最大水分吸水量confiningboundary隔水边界maximummolecularmoisturecontent弱透水边界acquittedboundary
零通量面法透水层permeablebedzerofluxplanemethod
潜水phreaticwater
隔水层confiningbed
降水入渗补给acquitter
弱透水层precipitationrecharge
降水水文地质参数hydrogeologicalparameters入渗补给系数coefficientof
precipitationrecharge
渗透系数permeabilitycoefficient
.
.
地表水补给surfacewaterrecharge贫营养湖泊poornutrientlake
湖流lakecurrent凝结水补给condensationrecharge
梯度流gradientcurrent侧向补给lateralrecharge
漂流currentoffriction越流补给leakagerecharge
湖泊波漾（假湖）lakeseiche数irrigationrecharge补灌溉给系湖泊增减水lakewinddenivellationcoefficientofgroundwater
湖泊率潜水蒸发phreaticwaterevaporationlakeratio
湖泊补给系数rechargecoefficientdepth深蒸潜水发临界度criticalofof
lake
phreaticwaterevaporation
湖泊换水周期lakeresidenceperiodphreaticwateroverflowto潜水溢出量湖盆surface
lakebasin
湖面高程elevationof潜水位phreaticwaterlevel
waterlevelinlake
岛屿率burieddepthofphreaticwaterinsulosity潜水埋深湖泊分层level
lakelayering
正温层潜度thicknessdirectthermalstratificationofphreatic厚水含水层逆温层wateraquiferinversethermalstratification
湖泊形态参数morphometricparameterofendorheiclake流湖lake
freshlake淡水湖高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）saltlake咸水湖mainlevelmire
中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）salinelake
盐湖mediumlevelmire
沼泽水量平衡seasonallake季节性湖泊waterbalanceofmire
mirewater
eutrophiclake
富营养湖泊沼泽水.
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沼泽蒸发mireevaporation遥测仪器remotetelemetryunit
固态存贮器solidstorage沼泽径流mirerunoff
计数器surfaceflowofmirecounter沼泽表面流记录器沼泽表层流surfacelayerflowofmirerecorder
显示器moisturepropertyofmire沼泽含水性displayunit
平均无故障工作时间沼泽持水性waterretentionofmire
meantimebetweenfailures沼泽透水性perviousnessofmire
相应水位沼泽率mireratioequivalentstage
水文测站glacier
冰川hydrometricstation
基本站basicstation山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountainglacier
辅助站auxiliarystationvalleyglacier谷冰川专用站tailglacierbroad－specialstation
宽尾冰川水文试验站cirqueglacier冰斗冰川hydraulicexperimental
station
悬冰川hangingglacier
基准水文站benchmarkhydrologicglacier（山麓冰川）贯通冰川penetratingstation
水文气象站hydrometeorologystationicefield
冰原巡测站equilibriumlineofglacier冰川平衡线tourgaugingstation
水文站委托观测gaugingstationentrustgauging
雨量站网hydrologicinstrument水文仪器raingaugingnetwork
水面蒸发站网direct直读仪器－readinginstrument
watersurfaceevaporationnetwork器记自仪recording－automaticstagegaugingnetwork
instrument
水位站网.
.
泥沙站网sedimentgaugingnetworktemporarymeasuringcross－section
水文缆道水质站网waterqualitynetworkhydrometriccableway
悬索缆道suspendedcableway地下水观测井网
悬杆缆道groundwatervoservationwellnetworksuspendedrodcableway
机动缆道站网规划hydrologicnetworkplanningmotorizedcableway
手动缆道hand水文分区hydrologicregionalization－operatingcableway
循环索站网布设networklayoutloopcable
起重索suspensioncable容许最稀站网minimumnetwork
水文缆车stationrequiredagehydrometriccablecar设站年限吊船过河索datum
cablewayforanchoringboat基面缆道测验仪临时水准点temporarybenchmarkcablewaymeasuringdevice
水文测船sectionhydrometricboat测验断面measuringcross－水文测桥hydrometricbridge－基本水尺断面basicgaugecrosssection
桥测车gaugingvehicleonbridge流速仪测流断面
水文巡测车－sectionmetermeasuringcrosscurrent－tourgaugingvehicleforhygrometrycrossfloat面流标浮测断measuring－雨量器section
raingauge
承水器面尺水降比断－crossslopemeasuringraingaugereceiver
量杯measuringglass
section
渠积雨量器accumulativeraingauge辅助水尺断面雨量计－secondarygaugingcrosssectionrainfallrecorder
siphonrainfallrecorder
临时测流断面虹吸式雨量计.
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翻斗式雨量计钩形水尺hookgauge
最高水位水尺creststagegaugetipping－bucketrainfallrecorder
校核水尺checkgauge－termrainfallrecorder长期雨量计long基本水尺断面telemetering测雨量计rainfallbasicgauge遥辅助水尺断面auxiliarygaugerecorder
比降水尺断面monitoringslopegaugeprecipitation测雨雷达－临时水尺radar
temporarygauge
水位计stagegauge雪量线snowgauge
自记水位计rainandsnowrecorderstagerecorder
雨雪量计浮子式水位计float－蒸发量evaporation
typestagerecorder
压力蒸发量观测evaporationobservation式水位计pressure－typestage
recorder
蒸发量折算系数
超声波水位计ultrasonicstagerecorderreductioncoefficientofevaporation
遥测水位计telemeteringstagerecorderscreenratio遮挡率接触试水位evaporationpan
蒸发器计contact－typestage
recorder
小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）smallevaporation
远传水位计telecontrolstagerecorderpan
自记水位计台型蒸发器601E－stagerecorder
installationevaporationpanoftypeE601－静水井stillingwell漂浮蒸发器floatingevaporationpan
测得水深measureddepthevaporimeter
蒸发计effectivedepth
遇测蒸发计telemeteringevaporimeter
有效水深.
.
相对水深relativedepth
distribution
水面流速分布surfacemeandepthatacross断面平均水深－velocity
coefficient
section
顺流downstreamflow干绳改正airlinecorrection
逆流upstreamflow
湿绳改正wetlinecorrection
流速脉动velocitypulsationvelocitymeasurement测点流速中泓流速midstream
测速垂线surfacevelocity
流向测量flow水面流速velocityatapoint－directionmeasurement
体积法cubature测点流速maximumpointvelocity
流速仪measuring－current－meter速大最测点流velocity转子式流速仪vertical
rotating－elementcurrent－metervelocity垂线平均流速meanatavertical
旋杯式流速仪cup－typecurrent－meter部分平均流速meanvelocityatasegment
旋桨式流速仪velocity－速crosssectionpropeller－typecurrent－流平断面均meter
distribution
电波流速仪浮标流速pointvelocitycoefficientelectricwavecurrent－meter
超声波剖面流速仪surfacevelocitycoefficient中泓流速
ultrasonicprofilecurrentvelocitydistribution－meter流速分布多普勒流速仪Dopplercurrentvelocitygradient
流速梯度－meter
参证流速仪vertical分速流垂线布referencecurrentvelocity－meter
流量计distribution
flowmeter
Venturiflowmeter
流面断cross布分速section－velocity
文杜里水流计.
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