商务活动中的中西方文化差异商务英语毕业论文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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系（部）：
经济管理系
专业：
商务英语
指导教师：
000000000
开题时间：
2009-04-10
完成时间：
2009-11-08
2009年11月08日
毕业设计任务书……………………………………………………………1
毕业设计成绩评定表………………………………………………………2
答辩申请书………………………………………………………………3-5
正文………………………………………………………………………6-21
答辩委员会表决意见………………………………………………………22
答辩过程记录表……………………………………………………………23
课题商务活动中的中西方文化差异
一、提纲
引言
1．中西方文化差异在国际商务中体现
1.1中西方价值观差异
1.2中西方语言及非语言表达的差异
1.3思维方式的差异
1.3.1感性思维与逻辑思维的差异
1.3.2统一思维与对立思维的差异
1.3.3螺旋型思维和直线型思维的差异
1.3.4伦理和法制观念的差异
2．应对国际商务谈判中中西方文化差异的策略
2.1在谈判前做好充足的准备工作
2.1.1做好谈判的计划工作
2.1.2考虑谈判的策略
2.1.3对谈判的长期性做好思想准备
2.2正确表达自己的意思,克服语言上的障碍
2.3屏弃种族主义思想
2.4提高法律意识，增强法制观念
结束语
二、内容摘要
随着经济全球化的发展,国际商务合作与交易等跨国经济活动与日俱增,由文化差异引起的谈判冲突日益被越来越多的学者与商务人士所重视。
本文从价值观﹑语言﹑思维方式﹑伦理与法制等方面分析了中西文化的主要差异,探讨了在国际商务谈判中双方应采取的策略,以推动谈判过程中能顺利达成协议。
三、参考文献
[1]李郁，张泳:
浅谈国际商务谈判中的跨文化问题及对策.商业研究,第308期,2004
[2]肖靖:
论国际商务谈判中的跨文化策略.商业现代化，第451期,2005
[3]汤秀莲:
国际商务谈判.南开大学出版社,2003
[4]黄步苑:
中西文化方式差异与国际商务谈判.商场现代化，第466期,2006
[5]吴迅捷:
跨文化商务谈判中应该注意的一些问题.中国期刊全文数据库，第8期,2005
[6]赵伟君:
中西文化冲突与我国跨文化商务谈判对策.商业研究,第258期,2002．
TheCulturalComparisoninBusinessActivities
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Abstract：
Alongwiththeeconomicalglobalizationdevelopment,theinternationalcommercialcooperationandthetransactionandsoonthetransnationaleconomicactivitygrowsdaybyday,causesthenegotiationsconflictbytheculturaldifferencedaybydaytakesbymoreandmoremanyscholarsandthecommercialpublicfigure.Thisarticleanalyzesmaindifferencesinvalues,language,aspects,wayofthinkingbetweenChineseandwesternculture,anditalsodiscussesthestrategywhichbothsidesshouldadoptintheinternationalcommercialnegotiations,impelsinthenegotiationsprocesstobeabletoreachtheagreementsmoothly.
Keywords：
Internationalbusiness；
Culturaldifferences；
Strategies
Introduction
JoinsWorldTradeOrganizationalongwithourcountry,theforeigncommercialactivityisdaybydayfrequent,theforeigncommercialnegotiationsalsorapidlyincreases.Notonlytheinternationalcommercialnegotiationsistheeconomicaldomainexchangeandthecooperation,moreoverisbetweenthevariouscountries'
culturecollisionandthecommunication.Theinternationalcommercialnegotiationscarriesonwhichbetweenthedifferentnational﹑differentnationalityisso.Receivesrespectivenational﹑nationalityalongwiththeinternationalcommercialnegotiationsthepolitical﹑economy﹑cultureandsoonmanykindsoffactorinfluence,butmostdifficultassuranceistheculturalelement.Intheculturaldifferencecausedintheinternationalcommercialnegotiationsculturalcollisioneventoconflict,therefore,wantedthesmoothdevelopmentcommerceactivity,hadtounderstanddifferentnationaltheculturalcontextandthedifference,andenhancedstrongpointsandavoidweaknessesinthisfoundation,formulatereasonablyshouldtothestrategy,couldaccomplishataskwitheaseintheinternationalcommercialactivity,movestowardssuccessfully.
1.culturaldifferencesshowingininternationalcommerce
1.1valuedifferences.
Thevaluestookculturalthecorefactor,includingtheworldoutlook,theoutlookonlife,therelationsbetweenthehumanandthenature,themoralstandardandsoon.displaysforcertainconformstothesocialculture,hasthedurability,andthestability,ofacceptingthefaithgenerallyforthemembersofdifferentsocialclasses.
ChinaistakingthekernelascoreConfucianism,initiatesonekindofpersonown,interpersonal,thehumanandsociety'
sharmoniousprinciple,alsoiscollectivism.Collectivismemphasisteamgoal,teamspirit.Itmaybecalledthecollectivismculture,thecollectivismculturememberiswillingtosacrificeindividualbenefit,thedemandandthegoalforcommunity'
sbenefit.Becauseofthis,whencarryingontheexchange,Chinesepeopleemphasizedthepersonalinterestmustbesubordinatedtothesocialoverallbenefit,onlywhentheentiresocietyobtainsthedevelopment,individualcanobtainthebiggestbenefit.
ButtheWesterncountryistheindividualismoccupiesitsculturalcoreposition.Thewesternculturehighlightstheindividualvalue,individualwill,individualdignity,theindividualfreedom,individualemotion,theindividualrightandthepersonalinterest.Theentiresocietyesteemstheindividualismvigorously,emphasizedextremelytheself-valuerealization,andweighsthelifevaluebyindividualsuccess.ThematerialreceivessupremelyextremelytakesthemaincharacteristicwhichistheWesterncultureindividualvaluediscussessupremely.Therefore,theyintheexchangealwaystakeoneselfasthecenter,namelytakepassingonasthecenter,theexchangelanguageisstraightforward,namelytaketheresultastheguidance.Inordertoachieveowngoal,donothesitatetouseeachkindtoconvincetheskill.
1.2.differencesinlanguageandnon-languageexpressions.
Becauseofthelong-termculturalinheritance,differentcountrieshaveformedthebrightlanguageculture.TheChineseculturefastidioushumbly﹑contains;
“Thanks”suchreply.intheChinesecustomthesaying“notneedtothank”“isimpolite”;
ButinEnglishthereplyis“That'
sallright.”（Relations）,evenifitisaeasycase.”（Slighteffort）,ithadreflecteditshonesty.individualitymakesitwidelyknownasforeignlandculture.
Intheinternationalcommercialnegotiations,negotiationsallquartersbesidesusethespokenlanguagetoexchange,butalsothroughhandsignal﹑facialexpressionandsoonbodylanguagesexpressesownopinionandthefeeling.Asaresultoftheculturaldifference,thebodylanguageexpressionwayanditsmeaningdifferfrom.Ifinworldmajoritycountriesandarea,thepeoplemanynodtheexpressionapprovaloraccept,shakestheheadtheexpressionnottoagreewithortheopposition,butisactuallyoppositeinSouthAfricansomecountries,thepeopleexpressthedenialwiththenod,withshakestheheadexpressestheapproval,thisfrequentlymakesanditnegotiationsforeignmerchantispuzzled
1.3modedifferences.
Themodeofthinkingisrelatedtothesocialculture.formingathinkingmodeinthedifferentsocialcultureisstructuredtohavethedifferences.Becauseofthegeographicalposition.,thenaturalenvironment,theraceorigin,thehistoricalvicissitudeandthereligiousbelief,thecustomcultureandtheotherdifferences,itthenwasformeddifferently,ithadrespectivenationalculturecharacteristicconsiderationquestion,theunderstandingthingthinkingmode.
1.3.1perceptualthoughtandlogicalthinkingdifferences.
Chinese'
sthinkingmodeisperceptualChinese'
sthinkinginimageswayemphasizesbytheshapeseestheprinciple,opensbyAmericareally.Itemphasizesisdecidesthegoalortheresultvaluestandpointofassessasaccordingtosomeclearlimits.TheChinesetakesregardingthedirect-viewingexperience,buttheoreticallyoftenpausesintheempiricism.
Butwesterner'
sthinkingmodeisrational,logic.Westerner'
sabstractthinkingway,emphasizestheconceptualanalysis,thelogicreasoning.Itemphasizesdoesnothaveanyvaluecolorthefact.
1.3.2differencesbetweenunificationthoughtandoppositionthought
Chinatraditionalcultureemphasized“thehumanandaworldmyriadthingsbody”,“gatherstakethebeautyone”asthehighestboundary.ThereforetheChineseisfamiliarwithobservingthethingasawholeandregardingtheuniverseasawhole,conductingthesyntheticstudyfromtheprospectview.ThewesternuniquesealandstaggeredgeographycharacteristicbredintheWesternculturetodaretoinquireintothenature,theattentionanalysis,theattentionobjectimportantguestbody,thefriendlyanalysisthinkingmode,thethinkingmodetheyusedmainlywasthesynthesisthinkingmodewhichembarkedfromtheconceptofviewingtheentiresituation.
Intheinternationalcommercialnegotiations,theChinesenegotiatesthewayisfirstthebulkingpropertyprincipleandthecommoninterestwhichobservestogetherontherelatedcontractbothsidesinstitutelaunchesthediscussion.Theymainlycareaboutarethebilaterallong-termcooperationpossibility,thereforetheyavoidinthenegotiationsoutsetstagediscussiondetailquestion,andarrangestheso-calledconcretedetailquestiontolaternegotiationsintosolve.Thiskind“discussestheprinciplefirst,latterdiscusseddetail”thenegotiationswayisoneofChina'
snegotiationswaymostobviouscharacteristics.
Butwesternerthenisjusttheopposite,theypaygreatattentionto“discussthedetailfirst,avoidsdiscussingtheprinciple.TheAmericanusesespeciallythenegotiationswayisthepartialorientation,takesthedetail.TheAmericanasaresultofthelinearthinkingandtheanalysisthinkingmodeinfluence,mosttakesbetweenthethingthelogicalrelations,heavyexceedsthewholespecifically.Theirthinkingmodemanifestsontheconferencetableisspecifically“direct”and“concise”.Therefore,theyareaccustomedtocomestraighttothepoint,straightforward.
1.3.3differencesbetweenthescrewthoughtandstraightlinethought
sthinkingmodeisscrewtype,inthenarrationthingprocessingrevolvescertaincentralthought,bythespiralformwhichrepeatsandalsodevelopsasonekindofquestionlaunches.Avoidscuttingintothesubjectdirectlyasfaraspossible.Intheinternationalcommercialnegotiations,theChineseisusingtheimplicitexpressionway,theythinktheimplicitexpressionwaysurpassesthedirectexpressionway.
Otherwise,theWesternworldviewthoughtbetweenthethingsisindependent,allforwarddevelopthechangeinthestraightline,fromthisinitiates“thelinearinference”id
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