Lao She and His Works文档格式.docx

Lao She and His Works文档格式.docx

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关键字：

老舍;

中国社会;

作品

Abstract

LaoShe,greatChinesepeople’sartist.HisworksandChinesesocietyarecloselylinked.Hisworksarebasedonthepoorpeople,inordertorevealtheprevailingsocialphenomenon.Hecreatedmanyexcellentworksduringhislife,heisoneofthegiantsinChinaandevenintheworldculturalhistory.

Keywords:

LaoShe,Chinesesociety,works

Abouttheauthor

LaoShe,formerlyknownasShuQingChun,pinyin:

ShūQì

ngchūn,Manchu:

Sumuru,February3,1899–August24,1966）,betterknownbyhispennameLaoShe（Chinese:

老舍;

pinyin:

LǎoShĕ）wasanotableChinesewriter.Anovelistanddramatist,hewasoneofthemostsignificantfiguresof20thcenturyChineseliterature,andisperhapsbestknownforhisnovelRickshawBoyandtheplayTeahouse（茶館）.HewasofManchuethnicity.HisworksareknownespeciallyfortheirvividuseoftheBeijingdialect.Hedevotedallhislifetohiswork,heisworthyofthegreat"

modelworker"

andpublishedalargenumberofliteraryworks,affectlaterwonthetitleof"

people'

sartist"

.

EarlyLife

In1899,“people'

sartist”Laoshe（formerlyknownasShuQingChun）wasborninBeijingxichengoneofamanchufamily.Hewastheyoungestchildinthefamily.Hehadfoursistersandthreebrothers.Almosteveryfamilytherewhereverypoor,theyatetwiceadayandeverymealhadonlyonedish.LaoShementioneditinqinjianchijia,oneofhisworks.Hesaidthatlikemyhouse,summercookingfoodisoftensaltmixspringOnions,winterispickledcabbageonto.Therearemuchbitterthanus,theyofteneatthecheapestvegetables.Laoshe’sfatherwasdeadwhenhewasoneandahalfyearsold.Hisfather,whowasaguardsoldier,diedinastreetbattlewiththeEight-PowerAlliedForcesinthecourseoftheBoxerRebellioneventsin1901."

Duringmychildhood,"

LaoShelaterrecalled,"

Ididn'

tneedtohearstoriesaboutevilogreseatingchildrenandsoforth;

theforeigndevilsmymothertoldmeaboutweremorebarbaricandcruelthananyfairytaleogrewithahugemouthandgreatfangs.Andfairytalesareonlyfairytales,whereasmymother'

sstorieswere100percentfactual,andtheydirectlyaffectedourwholefamily."

SoLaoShehadnomemoryabouthisfather.Thatwaswhyhelivedamuchmorehardlifewhenhewasachild.Afterhisfather’sdeath,thewholefamilywassupportedbyhismother.Atthattime,LaoShe’ssisterwas13yearsold,hisbrotherwasnomorethan10yearsold.Fortheirfoodandclothing,themotherwouldhelppeoplewashtheirclothes,andsewingorsewingclothes.Intheirmemory,themother'

shandwasredandswollen.Duringtheday,shehelpedotherstowashclothes,andintheevening,shewouldmendclothes.Sheneverhadarestthroughouttheyear,shealwaysworkedhard.Astimewentby,LaoSheandhissistersandbrothersgrewolder,andtheycouldhelptheirmothertodosomething.

Gotoschool

LaoShewenttoschoolwhenhewas9yearsold.Foronething,LaoShehadapoorhealthwhenhewasyoung,hismotherwasafraidthathewouldbebeatinschool;

foranother,theydon’thaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.Butfortunately,oneday,uncleLiuwhowasarichandkindpersoncametoLaoShe’shousebyaccidentandknewhewasoldenoughtogotoschool.SouncleLiutoldLaoShe’smotherthathewouldtakeLaoShetogotoschoolnextmorningandhewoundpayallthemoneythatLaoSheneededinschool.Withouthishelp,LaoShemaybeneverwenttoschoolduringallhislife.Withouthim,LaoShewouldneverknowthehappinessandmeaningtohelpothers.Aftergraduation,LaoShebecameaprimaryschool’sprincipals.Hissisterwasmarriedafterthat.

TeachingandWritingCareer

Between1918and1924,LaoShewasinvolvedasadministratorandfacultymemberatanumberofprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinBeijingandTianjin.HewashighlyinfluencedbytheMayFourthMovement（1919）.Hestated,"

TheMayFourthMovementgavemeanewspiritandanewliterarylanguage.IamgratefultoTheMayFourthMovement,asitallowedmetobecomeawriter."

HewentontoserveaslecturerintheChinesesectionofthe（then）SchoolofOrientalStudies（nowtheSchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies）attheUniversityofLondonfrom1924to1929.DuringhistimeinLondon,heabsorbedagreatdealofEnglishliterature（especiallyDickens,whomheadored）andbeganhisownwriting.Hislaternovel二马（MaandSon）drewontheseexperiences.Inthesummerof1929,heleftBritainforSingapore,teachingattheChineseHighSchool.BetweenhisreturntoChinainthespringof1930until1937,hetaughtatseveraluniversities,includingCheelooUniversityandShandongUniversity（Qingdao）

TheMay4thmovementgaveLaoSheanopportunitytobeawriter.Firstly,themovementchangedhismind;

secondly,theMay4thmovementwasagainstimperialism;

lastly,theMay4thmovementwasalsoaliterarymovement.Soformthattime,LaoShebegantotheliterarycreationroad.Lifewasnotalwayseasy,LaoShewasseriouslyillwhenhewas23yearsold.Atthistime,hismotherwantedhemarriedagirlnamed“shaniu”,butherefused,hedidn’twanttobeboundbymarriage.ButhisfirstlovewasLiushoumian’sdaughter.Buttheydidn’tgotogetheratlast.HewenttoEnglandwhenhewas27yearsold.HelivedinEnglandmorethanfiveyears.Duringthistime,hebegantowritenovels.Therearefourmotivationsthatmadehimtowritenovels.Firstly,hemissedhishometownsomuch;

secondly,helikedwesternliteratureverymuch,sohewantedtoimitateit;

thirdly,hehadawealthoflifeexperience,hewantedtoexposureouthisrichlifeexperience;

fourth,totellpeoplesomedecentideas.Withthefourmotivations,hebegantowriteLaoZhangdeZhexue（老张的哲学）.LaoShewentbacktoshanghaiin1930.Hewassatisfiedtogobackhome.HewasmarriedtoHuJieqingin1931andtheyhadfourchildren,onesonandthreedaughters.Theylovedeachotherverymuch,hiswifewasyoungerthanhimandwasaverygoodperson.Theylivedahappylife.Butatthattime,becauseofthenationalcrisisandthesufferingofpeople,hisworksofthisperiodhadastrongatmosphereoftragedy.HebegantowriteDivorce,RickshawBoyandsoon.Hisworkswerealmostbasedonlife.

TheLifeofprofessionalwriter

Atfirst,hespentmostofhistimeonteaching,duringsparetime,hewouldgotowritesomething.Butafterresignation,helivedinjinanwhichwasaquietandagoodplacetowriteandheconcentrateonwriting.Hislifewasveryregular,andhehadfixedthingstodoateveryperiodoftime.ButChinawasinaperiodofturmoil,hewenttoseveralplacesduringthattime,hewenttoWuHan,ChongQingandsoon.Hewrotealotoffamousnovels,madealotoffriends.Manyofhisworkshadbeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages.

LifeinthePeople'

sRepublicofChina

LaoShereturnedtothemotherlandwhichwasnotthesemi-feudalandsemi-colonialcountryanymore.Itwasanewmotherlandandcanledpeopletowardsthefreehappylife.Hedidnotstopwritingallhislife.Inhislaterlife,hewrotesomethingdifferentfromhisearlyworks.Hewenttoalotofplaces,hehadagoodlifeinhisoldage,enjoywithhisfamilies.ButlikethousandsofotherintellectualsinChina,heexperiencedmistreatmentintheCulturalRevolutionofthemid-1960s.RedGuardsoftheCulturalRevolutionhadattackedhimasacounterrevolutionary.Theyparadedhimthroughthestreetsandbeathiminpublic.Greatlyhumiliatedbothmentallyandphysically,he,accordingtotheofficialrecord,committedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinBeijing'

sTaipingLakein1966.LeoOu-FanLeementionsthepossibilityofmurder.Hisrelativeswereaccusedofimplicationinhis"

crimes"

butcontinuedtorescuehismanuscriptsafterhisdeath,hidingthemincoalpilesandachimneyandmovingthemfromhousetohouse.

LaoShe’sEarlyWorksandChineseSociety

LaoShewasoneofthemostfamousmodernwritersinChina.Hisworksnotonlywontheloveoftheirownreaders,butalsoworld-renowned.Hisworkswastranslatedintomanyotherlanguages,suchasEnglish,Japan,Russian,Polishandsoon.LaoShe’sworksabsorbedthetraditionofChineseculturewithgentlehumor,sharpsatiretoattractthereader’sheart.LaoShe’sfirstnovelhadnotbeenpreserved,heturnedtoliterarycreationwasintheUKin1924.Livinginahighlydevelopedcapitalistcountry,observedthecontrastinthisbigcity,LaoShebegantoseetheendofthe19thcenturyhistoricaleventsoccurredinChinainanotherway.Thedeepestlovetohismotherland,theintensepainofitsdisaster,hetriedhisbesttohelptheirfellowcitizenstogetridofmanyoftheillsofcapitalism,theseforcesLaoShetowritedownallhisthoughtsonthepaper.LaoShewasnotarevolutionarypeople,hedidnotgotothearmy,butheshowedgreatinterestintherevolutionarymovement.TheMayFourthMovementdirectlyinfluencedontheformationoftheworksofLaoShe’sworldview.Intheseworks,therealitywasthatdisclosureironic,buthowtoimproveitcouldonlyeducatethemassesandmakeimprovements.Inabroad,LaoShewasfarawayfromtherealityofChina,therewasnodirectobservationoftheChinesepeople’sconsciousnessofrevolutionary.Afterreturningtohome,herealizedthatitwasimpossibletochangetheworldeducationandimprovement.LaoShemockeryofsomepartofthereignoftheKuomintangandtheChinesesocietyinthenovelnamedCatCity.Thisworkprovedthatthewriterhadaprofoundunderstandingoftheanti-democraticnatureoftheexistingsysteminChina.LaoShe’sworkswereexposedt