推荐中考英语专题讲练 推理判断题及解析答案docx.docx

推荐中考英语专题讲练 推理判断题及解析答案docx.docx

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推荐中考英语专题讲练推理判断题及解析答案docx

推理题

知识精讲

一、 推理题简介

理解文章表面文字，依据文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化，做出合理分析，判断和推理。

​

二、推理题分类

1.写作意图推理题

2.态度推理题

3.结论推理题

4.出处推理题

三、常见提问方式

1.Whatisthemainpurpose（目的）inthethirdparagraph?

2.WecanmakeaconclusionfromparagraphXthat_________.

3.Whatcanweinfer（推断）/learnfromthepassage?

4.Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto_________.

5.What’stheattitude（态度）oftheauthor?

6.Thewriterwantstotellusthat_________.

7.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

8.FromthelastsentenceofParagraphXwecaninferthat_________.

9.Thepassageismostlikelytakenfrom_________.

10.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

四、解题技巧

1.写作意图推理题

1）.段落写作意图:

 定位段落首句/末句；段落之前/之后的一句话；

2）.篇章写作意图：

定位文章首段/末段；各段首句/末句；转折处及关键词；

3）.举例写作意图​：

定位例子之前/之后的一句​话，通常这些部分是例子被用来说明的观点。

 2.态度推理题

1）.定位文章首末段的主旨句；

2）.注意表示作者强烈感情色彩的形容词、副词；

3）.注意作者提出的疑问句或举例方式，也可反映作者的态度。

 3.结论推理题

1）.定位关键词（文章某一段落的首末句），特别是含有may,might,but,however的首末句，往往是推断的标准出处；

2）.通常可排除带绝对概念的选项，如all,only,must等；正确选项通常含有委婉语气的词汇，如may,might,possibly,probably,etc.

3）.通常可排除和文章中句子完全相同的细节选项。

​  4.出处推理题

1）.线索：

文章首末段，各段首末句，关键词，段落大标题；

2）.常见文章出处：

报纸：

前文会出现日期，地点或通讯社名称；内容一般为名人故事，体育赛事，生活等。

广告：

文章常会出现价格，折扣，营业时间等。

说明书：

器皿，设备使用说明通常包含产品名称和使用方式；药品服用说明会介绍服用时间，次数和药量等。

​

五、选项的特点

1.正确选项的特点

1）.含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；

  2）.不会太绝对，有些留有余地的词汇：

often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably,etc.；

3）.正确选项有时反而与通过常识得到的结论相反，要留意。

2.干扰选项的特点

1）.只是原文简单复述，而非推断出的结论；

2）. 推论与原文事实部分相同，部分相悖；

3）. 根据常识判断正确，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理出的结论；

4）. 以文章事实或上下文逻辑为依据，但推理过度，概括过度；

5）. 部分选项内容纯属胡编乱造。

​

三点剖析

一、考点：

推理题主要考查学生在理解全文或者段落的基础上运用逻辑思维，对文章信息进行分析、判断、推理的能力。

通常包括词义句意、写作意图、作者态度、结论、出处五种推理形式。

其总体难度：

较难。

分值比重：

在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例为10%-20%。

二、补充点：

推理判断试题属于深层阅读理解题。

它要求考生尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。

这种题目有一定难度，解答时必须根据上下文及相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。

有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等文外之意加以推理。

解此类题目可从以下几方面入手：

1.根据常识判断。

即解题时，除弄清文意外，还需借助生活常识、风土人情、传说掌故、名人轶事等进行判断。

2.根据知识判断。

即解题时，运用一些一般性知识，如天文、地理、文学、艺术、科技等自然科学和社会科学知识。

3.根据计算判断。

即解题时，运用一些数学知识进行和差、面积、体积、速度等方面的运算。

4.根据情节判断。

即解题时，从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。

这种题目最容易出现，考生要从时间、地点、事件的情节安排与发展中，深入探讨其逻辑关系及隐喻、引申等因素。

题模精选

题模一：

写作意图推理题

例1.1.1Haveyoueverwonderedwhatgoesthroughyourmindwhenyouchoosewheretositinanewclassroom?

….（首段）

Moveoutofyourcomfortzone.Goandsitnexttosomeonedifferent.…Startaconversation.That’showwemakefriends.That’showwelearnaboutpeople.That’showweopenourmindstonewideas.That’showweliveanexcitinglife.（末段）

1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A．Totellusjusttobeourselvesinsociallife.

B．Tointroducewaystolearnabouttheworld.

C．Toexplainhowpeoplecommunicatewithothers.

D．Toencourageustomeetpeopleofdifferentkinds.

例1.1.2anewbeliefhasarisen:

theideathatpersonalityisrelatedtoone’sABObloodtype.PeoplewithbloodtypeA,forexample,areconsideredmorelikelytobeserious,hard-working,andquiet,whilepeoplewithbloodtypeOarelikelytobepopularandoutgoing,yetoftenunabletofinishwhattheystart.

1.ThewriterusesbloodtypeA．andOasanexampletoexplain_________.

A．thedifferencebetweentotwobloodtypes

B．therelationshipbetweenthetwobloodtypes

C．theconnectionbetweenpersonalityandbloodtype

D．theinfluenceofbloodtypeonone’sbehavior

题模二：

态度推理题

例1.2.1…Alsonewsystemsoftransportationcanbeexpensive.“Butit’scoming,”hesays.“Thetrendoftheempoweredcitywillbeheresoon.”

Goldenespeciallybelievesinthefutureofelectriccarsthathavesensors（传感器）tounderstandtheworldaroundthem.…

Goldenremainspositiveaboutthefuture.（末段）

1.WhatisGolden’sattitudetothefutureofthetransportation?

A．Hopeful

B．Worried

C．Uncertain

D．Careful

题模三：

结论推理题

例1.3.1AccordingtoJames,thisobsessionwithgettingtopmarkshasbeenabaddevelopment,whichencouragespeopletothinkofeducationintermsofworkandmoney.…

…Creatinghappycitizenswhohavegoodsocialskillsisseenasmoreimportantthanhighachievementsatschoolortheneedsofbusiness.

…Andheislookingforschoolswherestudentsareencouragedtofindandfollowtheirowninterests…

…andinspirationdoesnotcomefromendlesslyrevisingfortestsorgettingworriedaboutthem.

1.Thewriterwantstotellusthat_________.

A．learninghappilyisthekeytoself-development.

B．topmarksmaybehelpfultoincreaseone’sinterest.

C．testsshouldbeimprovedtogivechildreninspiration.

D．educationshouldmeetone’sneedsforwordandmoney.

例1.3.2Therightnameisimportantinthebusinessworld….（首段）

…Manycompaniesspendalotofmoneytofindtherightnamefortheirproducts….TheFordMustangandtheJaguarareonlytwoexamplesofchoosingthenamesofanimalsthatarefastandstrong.（P2）

…Findingtherightbrandnameisabigbusiness….（P3）

…Thesecompaniescancharge（要价）upto$100,000awordfortheircreations.Butit’sworthit.Successfulcompaniesknowhowimportanttherightbrandnamesarefortheirdevelopment…..（末段）

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Manycompaniescareaboutthecostoffindingtherightnames

B．Creativetradenamescanhelpcompaniestohavealargersale

C．Thegovernmentoftendoesbusinesswithnamingcompanies

D．Itisconsiderednecessaryforcarstobenamesafteranimals

题模四：

出处推理题

例1.4.1Freesoftdrink

Buyanymealforatleast6yuanatMike’scafeandreceiveafreesoftdrink.Weservethebesthamburgersandsnacksinthemall.Comeinandtryourdeliciousmealsandourexcellentservice.FreesoftdrinkofferendsonNovember12.

Buyone,getonefree

BuyoneshirtatLOTTEMart’sMenswear（男士专柜）,andgetanothershirtofthesamevaluefree.Youcanchooseanytiehere,thenwewillgiveyouanotheroneatnocost.Hurry!

OfferendsonNovember

10%Off

ShowthisticketatXinhuaBookstoretogeta10%discountonanybookyoubuy.Wehavelotsofbookstochoosefrom,includingchildren’sbooks,novels,travelguidesandhobbies.Youaresuretofindsomethingthatyou’llenjoy.ShopnowforChristmas.

6Hour’sFreeParking

Ifyouspend100yuanormoreinRT-Mart,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.Whenyouhavespent100yuanormore,justtakethisticketthatyoupayforyourgoodstotheservicedesk.Theywillstamp（盖章）yourparkingtickettoallow6hoursoffreeparking.

1.Theinformationaboveisprobablytakesfrom_________.

A．asportreport

B．astorybook

C．anadvertisementposter

D．afashionmagazine

随堂练习

随练1.1ChenGuangbiaowasborninJiangsuinJuly,1968.HeisthechairpersonofacompanyinJiangsu.NowheisoneofChina’srichestmenandhehasdonatedagreatamountofmoneytocharityprojects.Hesayshewilldonateeverythinghehastocharityafterhedies.

Whenpeopleareinneedofhelp,hewillappearatonce.HehelpedpeopleduringtheWenchuanearthquake,theYunnanearthquakeandtheTaiwanearthquake.HealsogaveahelpinghandinJapan’searthquake.HehasbuiltmanyHopePrimarySchoolstosupporttheeducationinpoorareas.

Hedoesn’tdocharityforhonor.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletomakecontributionstocharity.Afterannouncinghewoulddonateeverythingtocharityafterhisdeath,manybusinesses,overseas（海外）Chinesepeopleandcommonpeopleencouragedbyhimhavealsopromisedtodosomethingforcharity.

Asaphilanthropist（慈善家）,heisaskedforhelpeveryday.Sometimeshegetsverytired,buthehasneverstoppedcaring.

Sofar,hehasreceivedalotofawards,includingPioneeroftheYear,andNationalMayDayLabourMedal（全国五一劳动奖章）.Heisconsideredasoneofchina’stopphilanthropists.

1.Thearticleisprobablytakenfrom_________.

A．anewspaper

B．anovel

C．adetectivestory

D．asciencebook

2.Hesayshewilldonate_________tocharityafterhedies.

A．nothing

B．someschools

C．everythinghehas

D．hiswholecompany

3.Whatdoeshedocharityfor?

A．Hewantstodocharityformoney.

B．Hewantstodocharityforpleasure.

C．Hewantstoaskpeopletohelphim.

D．Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletocontributetocharity.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A．HeisfromJiangsu.

B．Hehasvisitedmanycountries.

C．Hehashelpedpeopleinneed.

D．Hehasgotalotofawards.

5.Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Earthquakes.

B．HopePrimarySchools.

C．PioneeroftheYear.

D．PhilanthropistChenGuangbiao

随练1.2Waterisalimitednaturalresourcethatmustbeprotected;itislimitedinmanyplaces.Evenifyouliveinanareawithenoughrainfall,usingwaterusesenergytoprocess（加工）it.Herearesometipsonsavingwaterathome.

Installawatermeter（安装水表）.

Youmightbeverysurprisedtofindouthowmuchwateryouareactuallyusing.Byinstallingawatermeteryoucanraiseyourattentionsothatyouwillreduceyourwateruse.

Manywatermetershaveasmallwheelthatturnsquiterapidlyifanywateratallisrunning.Ifyouaresureallyourwateristurnedoffandyouseethiswheelmovingatall,youhavealeak（漏水）.

Takeshortershowers.

Takeshowersratherthanbaths.Bytakingabathyouareusingupto100litersofwater!

Showeringwillgenerallyuselessthanathirdofthisamount.

Catchthecoldwaterthatcomesoutofthetaporshowerwhileyouarewaitingforthehotwater.

Useittowaterplantsorpourintoyourtoiletreservoir.

Turnthetapoffwhileyouarebrushingyourteeth,shaving,washingyourhands,doingdishes,andsoon.

Turnthetapoffwhenyoushower,too.Getwet,thenturnoffthewaterwhileyousoapup.Turnitbackonforlongenoughtowash.Lookforatwistvalethatisinstalledbehindyourshowerheadtokeepthewatertemperaturewhereyousetitwhilethewaterisoff.

Washfullloads.