精品新人教版必修5高中英语unit5阅读理解急救篇专题突破及答案.docx

精品新人教版必修5高中英语unit5阅读理解急救篇专题突破及答案.docx

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精品新人教版必修5高中英语unit5阅读理解急救篇专题突破及答案

专题突破-Unit5阅读理解（急救篇）

一、阅读理解

1.

Firstaidmeanstheaidorhelpthatcanbegiventoaninjuredpersonfirst,thatis,beforeanyotherhelparrives.Nowadaysthereisusuallyatelephonenotfarawayandthefirstthingweshoulddo,ifaseriousaccidenthappens,istotelephoneforanambulance.Sometimesquickactionbyusmaysavesomeone’slife.

Shock

Peopleoftensufferfromshockafterreceivinganinjury,sometimesevenwhentheinjuryisasmallone.Thefaceturnsgrey,andtheskinbecomesdampandcold.Theybreathequickly.Theyshouldbekeptwarm.Coverthemwithablanketandgivethemawarmdrink.

Brokenbones

Donotmovethepatient.Sendforanambulanceatonce.Treatforshockifnecessary.

Bleeding

Alittlebleedingdoesnoharm.Itwashesdirtfromthewound.Butifthebleedingcontinues,trytostopitbyplacingacleanclothfirmlyoverthewounduntilthebleedingstopsorhelparrives.

Poison

Apersonwhohastakenpoisonshouldbetakentoahospitalatonce.Withsomepoisons,sleepingpills,forexample,itisagoodthingtomakethepatientsickbypressingyourfingersdownhisthroat.

Remember:

Whenanaccidenthappens,sendsomeonetotelephoneforanambulanceatonce.Keeptheinjuredpersonwarmandquiet.Givehimplentyofair.Donotletotherpeoplecrowdaroundhim.

（1）Accordingtothepassagewhenaseriousaccidenthappens,thefirstthingweshoulddoisto________.

A.takesomeactions

B.savethelifeoftheinjuredperson

C.phoneforanambulance

D.keeptheinjuredpersonwarmandquiet

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Firstaidmeansgivingtheinjuredpersontheaidorhelpatoncebeforethedoctorcomes.

B.Whenapersonhasbrokenhislegs,weshouldsendhimtohospitalatonce.

C.Alittlebleedingdoesnoharmbecausethebloodcanwashdirtfromthewound.

D.Whenapersonhastakenpoison,youshouldtakehimtohospitalatonce.

（3）Whycan’taninjuredpersonbecrowdedbypeoplearoundhim?

A.Becausethepeoplearoundhimmayhurthim.

B.Becauseheneedsplentyofairandtobequiet.

C.Becausetheywillbeinthewayoftheambulance.

D.Becausetheywilldisturbhisrest.

（4）Thepassagemainlytellsus________.

A.someadviceonhowtodealwithcommonaccidents

B.somefactsaboutsomecommonaccidents

C.somethingwemustremember

D.someexamplesofcommonaccidents

答案:

解析:

（1）C细节理解题。

根据第一段的第二句“Nowadaysthereisusuallyatelephonenotfarawayandthefirstthingweshoulddo，ifaseriousaccidenthappens，istotelephoneforanambulance.”可答案是打电话找救护车。

（2）B细节理解题。

根据文章第三段中的“Donotmovethepatient.Sendforanambulanceatonce.”可当时需要做的是找救护车，并且不能随便移动病人。

B项的表述与此相悖，故选B项。

（3）B细节理解题。

从最后一段可正确选项为B项。

（4）A主旨大意题。

本文是说明文，根据文章的结构可以看出A项为正确选项。

2.

Externalbleeding.Applydirectpressure.Placeaclean,foldedclothovertheinjuredareaandfirmlyapplypressure.Ifbloodsoaksthrough,donotremoveit.Instead,coverthatclothwithanotheroneandcontinuetoapplypressuretothewoundfor710minutes.Ifthebleedingisfromtheear,placeacleanbandageovertheear,laythevictimonhisside,andfollowthebloodtodrainoutthroughthebandage.

Elevatetheinjury.Positionthewoundedpartofthebodyabovetheleveloftheheartifpossiblewhileyouapplydirectpressure.

Knowthepressurepoint.Ifdirectpressureandelevationdon’tsufficientlyslowthebloodflow,findapressurepoint.Largearteries（动脉）foundclosetotheskin’ssurfacesupplybloodtotheheadandtoeacharmandleg.Themostcommonpressurepointsusedduringthefirstaidarelocatedintheupperarmsandinthecreases（皱纹）abovetheupperlegs.Applypressuretotheclosestpressurepointtothewoundsothatthearteryispressedbetweenyourfingersandthebonedirectlybehindtheartery.Ifusingthepressurepointonaleg,youmayneedtousetheheelofyourhandinsteadofyourfingers.

Resorttotourniquet（止血带,脉压器）.Onveryrareoccasionseverythinglistedabovemayfail.Topreventthevictimfromdying,youshouldapplyatourniquet.Onceatourniquetisapplied,itshouldnotbeloosenedorremoveduntilthevictimhasreachedmedicalhelp.Useatourniquetonlyifeverythinglistedabovehasfailed.Ifyouuseatourniquet,writedownsomewhereonthevictimthetimewhenitwasapplied,somedicalpersonswillknowhowlongithasbeeninplace.

（1）Accordingtothepassage,ifapersoniswoundedandbleeding,youshould________.

A.coverthewoundwithaclean,foldedclothandpressit

B.spreadsomesalve（药膏）onthewound

C.pressthewoundfirmlywithyourfinger

D.placeacleanbandageoverthewound

（2）Ifthebloodsoaksthroughthecloth,youshould______.

A.changeacleanoneimmediately

B.washthewoundatonce

C.pressthewoundfirmlywithyourhand

D.covertheonewithanotheroneandpressit

（3）Theunderlinedword“apply”inthefirstparagraphmeans________.

A.申请B.应用C.施D.生效

（4）Inthispassage________waysarementionedtostopblood.

A.fourB.threeC.twoD.one

（5.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.

A.itisbettertoputtheinjuredpartabovetheheadtostopbleeding

B.largearteriesdeepinthemusclesupplybloodtotheheadandtoeacharmandleg

C.weshoulduseatourniquetfirsttostopbleeding

D.themostcommonpressurepointslieintheupperarmsandinthecreasesabovetheupperlegs

（1）A细节理解题。

根据第一段的第三句“Placeaclean，foldedclothovertheinjuredareaandfirmlyapplypressure.”可C项为正确选项。

（2）D细节理解题。

第一段的第四、五句“Ifbloodsoaksthrough，donotremoveit.Instead，coverthatclothwithanotheroneandcontinuetoapplypressuretothewoundfor710minutes.”可D选项为正确答案。

（3）B词义猜测题。

根据apply后面的pressure可应该是“应用压力”。

（4）A细节题解题。

每一段的第一句话就提到一种止血方法，因此共4种。

（5.D推理判断题。

第三段的第三句话明确提到“动脉一般在胳膊或腿上方的皱褶中”可D选项为正确答案。

3.

Ifyouseesomeonedrowning,speedisveryimportant.Onceyougethimoutofthewater,ifheisn'tbreathing,youhavefourminutesbeforehisbrainiscompletelydestroyed.Supporthisneck,tilt（使翘起）hisheadbackandpresshischin（下巴）upwards.Thisstopsthetongueblockingtheairwayinthethroatandissometimesenoughtogethimbreathingagain.Ifthatdoesn'twork,startmouthtomouthbreathing.Presshisnostrils（鼻孔，）togetherwithyourfingers.Openyourmouthandtakeadeepbreath.Blowintohislungsuntilhischestrises,thenremoveyourmouthandwatchhischestfall.Repeattwelvetimesaminute.Keepdoinguntilhelparrives.

Tobringachildbacktolife,keepyourlipsaroundhismouthandnoseandgentlyblowintohismouth.Givethefirstfourbreathsasquicklyaspossibletofillthebloodwithoxygen.If,inspiteofyourefforts,hestartsturningabluegreycolour,andyoucanfeelnopulse（脉搏）,thenpressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife.

Witharmsstraight,rockforwards,pressingdownonthelowerhalfofthebreastbone.Don'tbetoohardoryoumaybreakarib（肋骨）.Checkhoweffectiveyouareseeingifhiscolourimprovesorhispulsebecomesindependenttoyourchestpressing.Ifthishappens,stopthepressing.Otherwisecontinueuntilrescuearrives.

（1）Thispassageismainlyabout________.

A.howtosavepeopleoutofthewater

B.howtogivefirstaidtopeoplewhoaredrowning

C.howtodomouthtomouthbreathing

D.howtosaveachildfromariver

答案与解析:

B　主旨大意题。

结合文章的内容特别是文章第一句Ifyouseesomeonedrowning,speedisveryimportant.可作者主要是想向读者传递如何急救溺水者，故B项正确。

（2）Onceyougetadrowningmanoutofthewater,ifheisn'tbreathing,youmustfirst________.

A.gethimbreathingagain

B.takehimtothenearesthospitalassoonaspossible

C.findsomeonetohelpyou

D.calltheFirstAidCentre

答案与解析:

A　细节理解题。

根据文章第一段第二句可当一个溺水的人被救上来后，你有4分钟的时间可以抢救他，所以让他能重新呼吸是最重要的。

故A项正确。

（3）Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“rescue”means________.

A.breathB.help

C.doctorD.pulse

答案与解析:

B　猜测词义题。

结合文章急救的主题，和rescue所在的语句，以及上文内容可rescue意为“营救”。

（4）Ifthedrowningboyhasnopulse,________.

A.pressinghischinupwardsisenoughtogethimbreathing

B.blowingairintohismouthissuretosavehislife

C.pressinghisnostrilstogetherwithyourfingerscanwork

D.pressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife

答案与解析:

D　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段最后一句...andyoucanfeelnopulse（脉搏）,thenpressingisthelastchanceofsavinghislife.“如果你还是感觉不到他的脉搏，那么按压胸部是挽救他生命的最后机会”。

4.

ElectricShocksCanBeFatal

GovernmentstatisticsrecentlyshowedthatintheUK,morethan3，000peopleayearexperienceelectricshocksintheirhome.Asmallernumberofpeoplearekilledaftertheycontactwithpowerlinesoutsidethehome.Electricshockscancauseaperson'sheartorbreathingtostop,canalsocauseburnsandarepotentiallyfatal.Itisessentialforpeopletolearnbasicfirstaidtechniquestodealwithsuchemergencies.

Whattodo?

●Ifyouarethefirstpersontoreachsomeonewhohashadanelectricshock,don'ttouchhim/her!

●Iftheyarestillholdingtheappliance（家用电器）thathasgiventhemshock（e.g.ahairdryer）,unplugitorturnoffthepoweratitssource.Under_no_circumstances_will_you_try_to_move_the_appliance_with_your_hand!

●Ifyoucan'tturnoffthepower,useapieceofwood,likeabroomhandleorachair,toseparatethevictimfromtheapplianceorthepowersource.Youmayevenbeabletodothiswithafoldednewspaper.

●Thevictimmustremainlyingdown.Iftheyareunconscious,victimsshouldbeplacedontheirside.Buttheyshouldnotbemovedifthereisapossibilityofneckorspineinjuriesunlessitisabsolutelynecessary.

●Itisessentialtomaintainthevictim'sbodyheat,somakesureyoucoverhimorherwithablanketbeforeyoudoanythingelse.Ifthevictimisnotbreathing,applymouthtomouthresuscitation（人工呼吸）.Keepthe