陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习.doc

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陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习.doc

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陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习.doc

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习

一、陈述句

陈述句就是叙述一件事情后者表达一种看法的句子。

陈述句的分类

陈述句可以分为肯定式和否定式两种。

1.肯定式

第一种:

主语+谓语+其他,如

Lucylikesplayingsports.

Iamsinging.

MyfatherwenttoBeijinglastweek.

Shecanridethebike.

第二种:

主语+系动词+表语,如:

Thisroomisempty.

Wearegoodfriends.

2.否定式

陈述句的否定式有以下三种:

第一种就是Be动词加,后面not构成否定句。

如:

lisaisnotastudent

Therewerenotatschoolyesterday.

第二种就是实义动词,而且没有情态动词或 助动时,要用“do/dose/did+not构成否定。

如:

Idon’tlikemusic.

Thefarmerdidnotwanttofeedtherabbit.

第三种:

谓语动词为“助动词、情态动词+实义动词”时,要用“助动词/情态动词+not”构成否定。

如:

Iamnotgoingtoplaycomputergames.

Harrymustnotgotoschoolatnight.

Wecannotgohikingwithyouthisweekend.

二、疑问句分为四种:

一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

1.一般疑问句通常以be,have,助动词或情态动词开头,回答时用Yes,No,朗读时要用升调。

2.特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分的疑问句。

特殊疑问句的句式是:

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

疑问词有who,whom,whose,what,when,why,where,how等。

如:

whoisourclassmate?

WhatdoesKatedoonSundays?

Whosecatisit?

whichbagwilltheybuy?

Whendidhegoout?

Whydon’twegotogether?

Wherewereyoulastnight?

Howareyoutoday?

3.选择疑问句的结构是提供两种或两种以上的情况,供对方进行选择回答的句子。

选择疑问句的句式是:

一般疑问句+or+可选择部分。

如:

aretheapplesredorgreen?

选择疑问句的特殊疑问句式是:

特殊疑问句+or+可选择部分。

如:

whichgirlistaller,SallyorJessica?

选择疑问句的回答和特殊疑问句一样,不能用yes或no,要根据实际情况回答。

朗读时,选择疑问句在or前面的部分要用升调,句末要读降调。

4.反义疑问句的句式有两种,一种是:

肯定句陈述句+否定结构的反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面,对陈述句所说的实施或看法提出疑问的句子。

附加疑问句。

如:

youknowhim,don’tyou?

另一种是:

否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句。

如:

Sandycan’tspeakingEnglish,canhe?

反义疑问句也要用yes或No来回答。

如果陈述句部分的内容是事实,就用yes回答,后面相应的用肯定结构;如果陈述句部分的内容不是事实,就用no来回答,后面跟否定结构。

在翻译时要注意yes和no的意思。

如:

youknowhim,don’tyou?

Yes,Ido.(是,我认识。

)No,Idon’t(不,我不认识)

Sandycan’tspeakEnglish,canhe?

Yes,hecan.(不,他会。

)No,hecan’t.(是的,他不会。

在朗读时,陈述句部分用降调,附加疑问可以升也可以降。

三、祈使句

1.什么是祈使句

用来表示请示、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。

如:

Sitdown,please.Becareful!

2.祈使句的分类

根据用途和功能,祈使句可以分为以下几类

表请求。

如:

Closethewindow,please.

表命令。

如Stoptalking!

表提醒或警告。

如:

Lookout!

Thecariscoming.

表邀请。

如:

Helpyourselftosomefish.

表示禁止。

如:

Don’tspit!

Noparking!

四、感叹句的结构

小学阶段的感叹句主要有how和what引导两种。

1.How感叹句的结构:

how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语,如:

hownicethebootsare!

2.what感叹句的结构:

What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语,如:

whataprettygirlsheis!

但是如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词,就可以去掉句中的a/an.

如:

Whatexpensivepenstheseare!

Whatpleasantweatheritis!

巩固练习

基础题

()1.Whereistheman?

A.UnderthetreeB.At10:

00C.ReadabookD.Mymother

()2.Howdoyougotoschool?

A.At8:

00B.IC.TodayD.Bybike

()3.What’he?

A.WorkingB.HisfatherC.AthomeD.Ateacher.

()4.Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?

A.AthomeB.HeC.CleanmybedroomD.At7:

00

()5.What_____shedothismorning?

A.isB.doesC.doD.did

()6.How______youdo?

A.areB.isC.doD.did

()7.Whichisbetter,theredone_____theblueone?

A.andB.orC.butD.so

()8.________areyou?

Wonderful!

A.HowB.WhatC.WhoD.Where

()9._________isittoday?

It’sMonday.

A.WhatdateB.WhatdayC.WhattimeD.Whatlanguage

()10.________shallwego?

Inthemoring.

A.WhenB.WhoC.WhereD.How

()11.Excuseme,canyoutellme______togettotheNo.1MiddleSchool?

A.whereB.whichC.whyD.how

()12.____gotthe100thgoldmetalintheOlympicsforChina?

-ZhangYining.

A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where

()13____areyoutalkingabout?

WearetalkingabouttheAsiaGamesinGuangzhou.

A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.How

()14.______doyouvisityouruncle?

-onceaweek.

A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howsoon

()15.Excuseme!

________isthenearestbookshop?

Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner?

A.howB.whatC.whereD.who

()16.______isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?

Aboutfortyyuan.

A.HowoldB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.Howoften

()17.—______areyougoing?

—I’mgoingtothelibrary.

A.WhoB.WhichC.WhatD.Where

()18.______?

It’seight.

A.WhatdayisitB.What’sfiveandthree

C.HowoldareyouD.What’syourtelephonenumber

()19.______shallwemeetinthepark?

Whatabouthalfpasteight?

A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.Which

()20.______ayeardoesyourschoolhavesportsmeetings?

Twiceayear.

A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howmanytimes

提高题

()1.______areyougoingtobeinthefuture?

Iwanttobeaperson_____YangLiwei.

A.How,likeB.How,asC.What,likeD.What,as

()2.______willyourfatherbeback?

.

A.HowlongB.howoftenC.HowsoonD.Howwide

()3.----________sweateristhis?

----Ithinkit’sPeter’s.

A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whose

()4.------_____istheConfucianTemple(孔庙)fromhere?

------It’sabout10minuters’walk.

A.HowmanyB.HowlongC.HowmuchD.Howfar

()5.-----______mayIkeepthesebook?

-----twoweeks.

A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon

()6.----______isitfromheretoYanchengRailwayStation?

----Abouttwokilometers.

A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowsoonD.Howlong

()7.----_______willtheforeignstudentsbebackfromNanJing.

----Intwodays,Ithink.

A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howfast

()8.----____________?

---Theonebehindthetree.

A.WhosegirlB.Who’sthatgirlC.WhichgirlD.Where’sthegirl

()9.______thepopulationofchina?

A.HowmanyB.WhatC.How’sD.What’s

()10._______isshe?

A.WhomB.WhoC.WhichD.When

()11.________isthebest,Tom,JackorTim?

A.WhichB.WhoC.WhomD.What

()12._______milkdoyouneed?

-Threecups.

A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatD.Where

()13.—______?

—I’vegotaheadacheandacough.

A.What’syourtrouble?

B.What’swrongwithit?

C.CanIhelpyou?

D.Howareyou?

()14.______teadidyouhave?

Twocups.

A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowsoonD.Which

()15.______?

Behindthetree.

A.WhosegirlB.Who’sthatgirlC.WhichgirlD.Where’sthegirl

()1.________thepriceofthepen?

It’stwoyuan.

A.WhatB.HowC.what’sD.What’s

()2.Whoseroomisthis?

A.HeB.himC.theirsD.they

()3.Where______youjustnow?

A.wasB.areC.doD.were

()4.Who________bestinhisclass?

A.danceB.dancingC.dancesDisdance

()5.Howmany________arethere?

A.peoplesB.peopleC.sheepsD.meat

()6.Couldyoutellme,how_______tothebank?

A.goB.goesC.wentD.togo

()7._______theweatherlike?

A.WhatB.HowC.How’sD.What’s

()8.Howmuch_______thepen?

A.doesB.areC.isD.am

()9.________areyougoingtohavedinnertonight?

A.WhoB.WhereC.WhenD.What

()10.----_________doyougotoHongKong?

----sorry,I’veneverbeenthere.

A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howsoon

对划线部分提问

1.Mymothergoestoworkbybike.

______________yourmother_______towork?

2.Therearesixkitesinthesky.

____________________arethereinthesky?

3.Classesbeginateight.

____________________classes________?

4.It'sSundaytoday.

______________isittoday?

5.Thecatsarerunningupthetree.

________arethecats_________?

6.Hewouldlikefivecakes.

_______________________wouldhelike?

7.TheyplayfootballeveryFriday.

_______________________theyplayfootball?

8.AllanwillgobacktoEnglandbyplanenextmonth.

_____________AllangobacktoEnglandnextmonth?

9.Heoftenhaslunchinthefactory.

______________heoften_______lunch?

10.Igotupatsixthismorning.

  _____________________you_______upthismorning?

11.TheyweredrawingahorsewhenIcamein.

  _______________ they_______ whenIcamein?

12.TomcomesfromGreece.

_______________Tom_____________?

13.Ididn'tgotoschoolbecauseIhadabadcold.

  ________________yougotoschool?

14.HecomestoChinaonceayear.

   ________________ ________he________toChina?

15.Tedputhisbaginthedesk.

___________Ted_____inthedesk?

16.Heis12yearsold.

________________ishe?

17.Iamfine.

________areyou?

18.Theyhaddinnerathomeyesterday.

_______________they________dinneryesterday?

19.Sheisgoingtobeanurseinthefuture.

__________isshegoingto______inthefuture?

20.It’stenminutes’walkfrommyhometotheschool.

_____________isitfromyourhometotheschool?

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