阅读预习讲义.docx

阅读预习讲义.docx

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阅读预习讲义

高考英语一轮复习阅读理解预习讲义

【用法】

每天精读一篇文章，提高单词量，培养理解力！

（凡73篇，大约10周完成）

【要求】

每篇文章应完成以下四大预习任务——

词：

查出并当天背过这篇文章中的所有生词

句：

用“括号法”读懂每个句子（同步视译+短句朗读）

段：

每读完一个自然段，用十个以内的汉字总结本段的“段落主题”

篇：

看完整篇文章后，总结本文的“写作思路”

【例1】

OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletesfromdifferentnationscompeteagainsteachotherinavarietyofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics.

【例2】

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemakeandtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

【例3】

WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpectedandatafasterratethanconsumerprice,indicatingthatbusinessesweretillprotectingconsumersfromthefullinpactofhigherenerycosts.

人物传记类

[2014·广东卷]

A

SamuelOsmondisa19yearoldlawstudentfromCornwall,England.Heneverstudiedthepiano.However,hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.Helearnsapieceofmusicbylisteningtoitinparts.Thenhethinksaboutthenotesinhishead.Twoyearsago,heplayedhisfirstpieceMoonlightSonata（奏鸣曲）byBeethoven.Hesurprisedeveryonearoundhim.

Amazedthatherememberedthislonganddifficultpieceofmusicandplayeditperfectly,histeacherssaySamuelisunbelievable.Theysayhisabilityisveryrare,butSamueldoesn'tevenrealizethatwhathecandoisspecial.Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents,butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.Now,hestudieslawandmusic.

Samuelcan'tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised.“Igrewupwithmusic.Mymotherplayedthepianoandmyfatherplayedtheguitar.Abouttwoyearsago,Isuddenlydecidedtostartplayingthepiano,withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome—Ihearthenotesandcanbeartheminmind—eachandeverynote，”saysSamuel.

Recently,Samuelperformedapieceduringaspecialeventathiscollege.Thepiecehadmorethanathousandnotes.Theaudiencewasimpressedbyhisamazingperformance.Heisnowlearningapiecethatissodifficultthatmanyprofessionalpianistscan'tplayit.Samuelsaysconfidently，“It'sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.”

However,Samuel'sabilitytorememberthingsdoesn'tstopwithmusic.Hisfamilysaysthatevenwhenhewasayoungboy,Samuelheardsomeonereadastory,andthenhecouldretellthestorywordforword.

Samuelisstillonlyateenager.Hedoesn'tknowwhathewantstodointhefuture.Fornow,heisjusthappytoplaybeautifulmusicandcontinuehisstudies.

26.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?

A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.

B.Hecanwritedownthenotehehears.

C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.

D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.

27.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?

A.Samuelchoselawagainstthewishofhisparents.

B.Samuelplannedtobealawyerratherthanamusician.

C.Samuelthinksofhimselfasamanofgreatmusicalability.

D.Samuelstudieslawandmusicontheadviceofhisteachers.

28.EveryonearoundSamuelwassurprisedbecausehe________．

A.receivedagoodearlyeducationinmusic

B.playedtheguitarandthepianoperfectly

C.couldplaythepianowithoutreadingmusic

D.couldplaytheguitarbetterthanhisfather

29.WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelinParagraph4?

A.Hebecamefamousduringaspecialeventathiscollege.

B.Heisproudofhisabilitytorememberthingsaccurately.

C.Heplaysthepianobetterthanmanyprofessionalpianists.

D.Heimpressedtheaudiencebyplayingallthemusicalpieces.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Thequalitiesofamusician

B.Thestoryofamusicaltalent

C.Theimportanceofearlyeducation

D.Therelationshipbetweenmemoryandmusic

【文章导读】这是一篇人物传记。

文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才SamuelOsmond的故事。

26.D　细节理解题。

根据第一段的“…hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.”可知SamuelOsmond的天赋在于他可以弹出他听到的音乐片段。

故选D。

27.B　推理判断题。

根据第二段的“Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents…”可知Samuel在父母的期待下打算成为律师，故选B。

由“…butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.”可知，老师只是建议他学习音乐而放弃法律，故D项是错误的。

28.C　细节理解题。

根据第三段的“Samuelcan'tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised.”和“‘…withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome…’”可知他虽然没有接受过专业的音乐训练，但是他却能非常熟练地弹钢琴，大家都为此感到很惊讶。

故选C。

29.B　推理判断题。

根据第四段的“Samuelsaysconfidently，‘It'sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.’”可知Samuel对他超群的记忆力很自信，即很自豪。

故选B。

根据第四段的“Heisnowlearningapiecethatissodifficultthatmanyprofessionalpianistscan'tplayit.”可知他只是在一个较难的乐章方面超越了一些专业钢琴家，并不是总体上超越了他们，故C项犯了以偏概全的错误。

30.B　主旨大意题。

文章主要讲述了英国19岁的音乐天才SamuelOsmond的故事。

故选B。

[2014·山东卷]

C

ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholders.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett”.

Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,Ashley'swifetriedtostrikeMumbet'ssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued（起诉）forherfreedom.

WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonherfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.

Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants（后裔）.OneofhergreatgrandchildrenwasW．E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP,andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.

Mumbet'stombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:

“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”

51．WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraph1?

A．Shewasbornaslave.

B．Shewasaslaveholder.

C．Shehadafamoussister.

D．Shewasbornintoarichfamily.

52．WhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheAshleys?

A．Shefoundanemployer.

B．Shewantedtobealawyer.

C．Shewashitandgotangry.

D．Shehadtotakecareofhersister.

53．WhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewconstitution?

A．Sheshouldalwaysobeyherowners'orders.

B．Sheshouldbeasfreeandequalaswhites.

C．Howtobeagoodservant.

D．Howtoapplyforajob.

54．WhatdidMumbetdoafterthetrial?

A．Shechosetoworkforalawyer.

B．ShefoundedtheNAACP.

C．ShecontinuedtoservetheAshleys.

D．Shewenttolivewithhergrandchildren.

55．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.

B．Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.

C．ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.

D．Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.

【文章导读】这是一篇人物传记。

文章介绍了美国历史上一位勇于追求自由的女性ElizabethFreeman。

51．A　细节理解题。

根据第一段的“ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.”可知她生来就是奴隶。

故选A。

52．C　细节理解题。

根据第二段的“Oneday,Ashley'swifetriedtostrikeMumbet'ssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furiously,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.”可知答案为C。

53．B　细节理解题。

根据第三段的“Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.”可知Elizabeth从新的宪法中得知所有的人都是自由、平等的。

54．A　细节理解题。

根据第四段的“ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.”和第二段的“…Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.”可知答案为A。

55．C　主旨大意题。

本文介绍了美国历史上一位勇于追求自由的女性ElizabethFreeman。

故选C。

[2014·四川卷]

B

In1943,whenIwas4,myparentsmovedfromCoeurd'Alene,Idaho,toFairbanks,Alaska,whereadventurewasneververyfaraway.

Wearrivedinthesummer,justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.AllthatsunlightwasfantasticforMum'svegetablegarden.Workinginthegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff,soshedidn'tcaremuchaboutmybedtime.

DadwasaRailwayExpressagentandMumwashisclerk.Thatleftmeinamess.Iusuallymanagedtofindsometroubletogetinto.OnceIhadalittlefiregoinginthedirtbasementofahotel.Ihadtriedtolightabarrel（桶）ofpaintbutcouldn'treallygetagoodfiregoing.Thesmokegotprettybad,though,andwhenImademyexit,acrowdandthepoliceweretheretogreetme.Thepolicementookmymatchesanddrovemehome.

MumandDadwereoccupiedinthegardenandDadtoldthepolicetokeepme,andtheydid!

IhadatouroftheprisonbeforeMumrescuedme.Ihadn'tturned5yet.

AsIenteredkindergarten,theseriouscoldbegantosetin.WoulditsurpriseyoutoknowthatIsoonleftpartofmytongueonametalhandrailatschool?

AsforLeonhardSeppala,famousasadogsledder（驾雪橇者）,IthinkIknewhimwellbecauseIwastakenforaridewithhiswhitedogteamoneSunday.AtthetimeIdidn'trealizewhatasuperstarhewas,butIdoremembertheridewell.Iwaswrapped（包裹）heavilyandwellshelteredfromthefreezingandblowingweather.

In1950,wemovedbacktoCoeurd'Alene,butwegotonemoreAlaskanadventurewhenLeonhardinvitedus