自考语言与文化串讲Word下载.docx

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自考语言与文化串讲Word下载.docx

sevenfacets[apatternedactivity;

theappropriatenessofsuchanactivity;

theparticularsubject,thedoer,theobjecttowardwhichthebehaviourisdirected,therecipientofthebehavior;

ofthebehavior;

somemeansexternaltoboththesubjectandobjectofthebehaviour;

thepurposeoftheactivity;

theresultoftheactivity.](一系列活动;

活动的适当性;

活动的详细主题,实行者;

活动实行的外部手段;

指导主体与客体,活动的目的;

活动的结果。

))

3.Relationshipbetweenlanguage,cultureandthought.

Relationshipbetweenlanguageandthought(languageispartofculture(knowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customsandothercapabilitiesandhabits.),languageisthecarrierandcontaineroftheculture.[humanknowledgeandexperiencearedescribedandstoredinlanguage.];

asamirrorofculturelanguageisstronglyinfluencedandshapedbyculture.SuchasEskimo’ssnowworldandcameltotheArab;

languagealsoexertsitsinfluenceonculture;

languageandcultureiscloselyrelated,eachinfluencingandshapingtheother.Alanguagecanneverbelearnedinaculturalvacuumandcultureislearnedthroughlanguage)

Thought(thoughtisthefunctionandproductofthehumanbrain;

thoughtalsoreferstopatternsofideascharacteristicofasocialgroup.)

Relationshipbetweenlanguageandthought(languageisaninstrumentusedinthecommunicationofthought.[withoutlanguagethoughtwouldhavenoform.Andothersbelievethatideascanexistwithoutlanguage];

languageiscloselyrelatedtothinking;

languagerepresentsthought,itisinfluencedandshapedbythought;

languageisusedforconveyingideas,soitsstructureandfunctionmustreflecttheseideas;

languagealsoexertsstronginfluenceonthought.)Concludingremarksontherelationshipbetweenlanguage,thoughtandculture.

(1)relationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

languageispartofculture

languageisthecarrierandcontainerofculture,asamirrorofculture,languageisstronglyinfluencedandshapedbyculture.

Languagealsoexertsitsinfluenceonculture,languageandcultureiscloselyrelated,eachinfluencingandshapingtheother.

(2)relationshipbetweenlanguageandthought

languageisoninstrumentusedinthecommunicationofthought.

Languageiscloselyrelatedtothinking

Sincelanguagerepresentsthought,itisinfluencedandshapedbythought.

Languageisusedforconveyingideas,soitsstructureandfunctionmustreflectthereideas,languagealsoexertsstronginfluenceonthought.

4.interculturalcommunication(itisabranchofcommunication,itdrawstheories,concepts,andmethods,culturalanthropology,journalism,philosophy,history,ethnography,andinternationalrelations.Itisconcernedwithcommunicationamongthepeoplefromdifferentculturalbackground.)

5.Exercise

2010年自考语言与文化串讲2

中华考试网()【大中小】[2010年9月3日]

Chapter2.WordsandMeaning

1.Whatarewordsandmeaning?

Word(itisintuitivelyrecognizablearebasicunitsofmeaning.)

Meaning(wordsrepresentmeaning.Itisincludedconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.)

ConceptualMeaning(概念)(isthebasicmeaningpresentedbymeaningfullinguisticunits.)

Associativemeaningincludedthecontentsasfollow:

Connotativemeaning(内涵意义):

(isthecommunicativevalueanexpressionhasinadditiontothepurelyconceptualmeaning.Suchas“women”)

Socialmeaning(社会意义):

itiswhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse.Suchas“residence”and“domicile”)

Affectivemeaning(情感意义):

iscommunicatedwhenthefeelingsorattitudesareexpressedinlanguage

Reflectedmeaning(影射含义):

itisarisesinwordsofmultipleconceptualmeaning.Whenonesenseofawordformspartofourresponsetoanothersense.Suchas“theComforter”and“theHolyGhost”areallrefertotheGod.

Collocativemeaning(配置意义):

itisconsistsofassociationsawordgetsfromthosewordsthatareoftenusedtogetherwithit.

Thematicmeaning(专题意义):

itiswhatiscommunicatedbythewayinwhichaspeakerorwriterorganizesamessage,intermsofordering,focus,oremphasis.Suchasactivesentencesandpassivemeaning.

2.Wordsandconceptualmeaning

2.1Wordsandculture-specificconceptualmeaning

2.1.1Wordsandgeography

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica美利坚合众国

TheMississippi蜜西西河

Superior苏必利尔湖

NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉大瀑布

RockyMountains落矶水脉

Washington华盛顿

Poke美洲商陆(植物名)

Terrapin北美泥龟

TheUnitedKingdomofGreat大不列颠及北爱尔兰

BritainandNorthernIreland联合王国

TheThames泰晤士河

TheChannel英吉利海峡

England英格兰

London伦敦

TheCommonwealthofAustralia澳大利亚联邦

NewSouthWales新南威尔士

GreatBarrierReef大保礁

GreatVictoriaDesert大维多利亚沙漠

Canberra勘培拉

Koala考拉熊

Kangaroo袋鼠

2.1.2Wordsandhistory

TheMayFlower(五月花)

TheRevolutionaryWarorWarofIndependence(独立战争)

ContinentalCongress(大陆会议)

EmancipationProclamation(解放宣言)

HomesteadAct(宅地法案)

Scalp(剥带发头皮)

Lynch(私刑)

Cowboy(牛仔)

Hippie(嬉皮士)

Duke(公爵)

Knight(骑士)

GloriousRevolution(光荣革命)

Castle(城堡)

Fort(要塞或堡垒式的贸易站)

2.1.3WordsandPolitics

UnitedStates

President(总统)

Congress(国会)

SupremeCourt(高级法院)

DemocraticParty(美国民主党)

RepublicanParty(美国共和党)

Britain

Queen(女王)

PrimeMinister(首相)

Parliament(议会)

LabourParty(工党)

ConservativeParty(保守党)

Governor-General(总督)

2.1.4WordsandChristianity

Trinity(三位一体)

Bible(圣经)

Catholic(天主教)

OrthodoxEasternChurch(东正教)

Reformation(宗教改革)

Protestant(新教徒)

Puritan(清教徒)

Mass(弥撒)

2.1.5WordsandHolidays

Christmasbox(圣诞节礼)

ChristmasCard(圣诞贺卡)

Christmastree(圣诞树)

Christmaspudding(圣诞布丁)

Christmasrose(圣诞玫瑰)

Christmastide(圣诞节节期)

ThanksgivingDay(感恩节)

BoxingDay(节礼日)

Easter(复活节)

St.Valentine’sDay(情人节)

AprilFool’sDay(愚人节)

AnzacDay(新澳军团日)

2.1.6Wordsandlivingstyles

Hotdog(热狗)

Hamburger(汉堡包)

Sandwich(三明治)

Pudding(布丁)

Salad(沙拉)

Whisky(威士忌)

Cocktail(鸡尾酒)

Drive-ins汽车的

Diners(用餐)

Baseball(垒球)

Rugby(橄榄球)

Hockey(曲棍球)

Waterskiing(滑水)

Polo(马球)

Golf(高尔夫球)

Striptease(脱衣舞)

Lovestore(色情商店)

X-ratedsexploitationmovies()

Late-lateTVshows

2.2EnglishwordsthatcorrespondpartiallyinconceptualmeaningwiththeirtranslationequivalentsinChinese.

Intellectuals(知识分子)

Socialsciences(社会科学)

AYard(院子)QuadrangleCourtyards(四合院)

Drugstore(AE)Chemist’sshop(BE)(药店)

Grandfather

Grandmother

Father

Father-in-law

Mother-in-law

Brother

Sister

Son

Daughter

Grandson

Granddaughter

Uncle

Aunt

Nephew

Niece

Cousin

Chauvinistpig:

大男子主义

Dude,athlete,macho,stud,hunk,DonJuan,playboy,egotistfattybagger:

装酷,受女性欢迎的,自我中心主义者.

Turkey,nerd,jerk,prick,bastard,pimp,skinhead,redneckdog:

令人讨厌的,古怪的

Wimp,sissy,homosexual,queer,gay,hippie:

奇怪的,同性恋者.

Couchwarmer:

Ladies’man

Man,boy,guy,fellow,gentleman,boyfriend,fiancé

lover,sweetheart:

指男性的

2.3EnglishwordsandwhatmaybemistakenfortheirequivalentsinChinese.

Greenhouse(温室)

Busywork(耗时而无价值的工作)

Busman’sholiday(消磨于与日常工作类似这活动的假日)

Busybody(爱管闲事的人)

Housewarming(乔迁之喜)

Donkeywork(单调的日常工作)

Policeaction(维和行动)

Lowboy(矮脚抽屉柜)

Freelove(公开同居)

FirstLady(第一夫人)

Highschool(中学)

Restroom(公共建筑物内的洗水间,厕所)

Equalitarianismoregalitarianism(平均主义)

Lover(情人)

Disinterested(公正的,不偏不倚的)

Cooker(炊事用具)

Wester(西风)

2.4Words,conceptualmeaningandwordformation

GeneraltermsTermsofmaleTermsoffemaleTermsforyoung

鸡chicken公鸡cock母鸡hen小鸡chick

鸭duck公鸭drake母鸭duck小鸭duckling

鹅goose公鹅gander母鹅goose小鹅gosling

马horse公马stallion母马mare小马foal

牛cattle,cow公牛bull母牛cow小牛calf

羊sheep公羊ram母羊ewe小羊lamb

猪pig公猪boar母猪sow小猪shoat

狗dog公狗dog母狗bitch小狗puppy

猫cat公猫tomcat母猫cat小猫kitten

鹿deer公鹿stag母鹿doe小鹿fawn

2010年自考语言与文化串讲3

3.Wordsandassociativemeaning

3.1Wordsandconnotativemeaning

book:

C:

containknowledgeandwisdomforpeople,youthmustlearn

E:

itexpressideasforpeopletoconsider,toagreeordisagree,andtocomment

Sexy:

connotesloosesexmorality

itisapositivehumanquality

Old,young:

youn

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