外国语德伯家的苔丝不是悲剧人物学士学位论文Word格式.docx

外国语德伯家的苔丝不是悲剧人物学士学位论文Word格式.docx

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PanzhihuaUniversity

May2006

Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

KeyWords………………………………………………………………………....Ⅰ

摘要...………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ

关键词……..………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

Introduction……………………………………………………………………….….1

Ⅰ.TheSocialBackgroundofthisNovel……………………………………2

Ⅱ.Tess’Bravery………………………………………………………………….….4

A.Tess’SexualInnocence………………………………………………….…..4

B.TessFateofbeingRapped………………………………………………….5

C.Tess’Bravery……………………………………………………………….….6

Ⅲ.Tess’Responsibility……………………………………………………….........….8

A.TheResponsibilitytoHerFamily……………………………………………..8

B.TheResponsibilitytotheOtherThreeMilkmaids…………………………….9

C.TheResponsibilitytoherFamilyafterHerFather’sDeath…………………..11

Ⅳ.Tess’Purity………………………………………………………………….….14

A.HerPurityinHerMind………………………………………………………..14

B.HerPurityinHerLoveforClare……………………………………………...15

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….…..19

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………….…..20

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………....21

Abstract

ThereisabeautifulstoryinBible.ItsaystheGodcreatesmanformedofthedustofthegroundinhisownimage.AndtheGodputsthemannamedAdaminagardeninEden.ButtheGodsays,itisnotgoodthatthemanshouldbealone;

Iwillmakehimahelpmeetforhim.SotheGodtakesoneoftheman’sribstomakeawoman.AndAdamsays,thisisnowboneofmybones,andfleshofmyflesh;

sheshallbecalledWoman,becausesheistakenoutofMan.Somanypeoplethinkawomanisapartofaman.Menshouldruleoverwomen.Icannotagreewiththisidea,becauseeveryoneisbornequally.Everypeoplehasrighttolivehisorherownlife.Especiallywomenshouldliveforthemselves,butnotformen.

ThisnovelTessofthed’Urbervilles（1891）isgenerallyregardedasHardy’sfinestnovel.Itcentersonayoungwomanwhostrugglestofindherplaceinsociety.Whenitisdiscoveredthatthelow-classDurbeyfieldfamilyisinrealitythed’Urbervilles,thelastofafamousbloodlinethatdatesbackhundredsofyears,themothersendshereldestdaughter,Tess,tobegmoneyfromrelativeswiththeobviousdesirethatTesswedtherichMr.d’Urberville.Sothestorybegins.Inthisnovel,Tessexperiencessomuch.ShewitnessesthedeathofPrince;

sheistakenadvantageofbyd’Urbervilles;

shemarriesandthenextdayleavesfromherhusband;

shesupportsherfamilywhenherfatherisdead;

andshekillsAlecforherlove;

finallysheissentencedtodeath.Manypeoplethinksheisatragicwoman.Butshestruggleswithlife.Sheisaresponsible,braveandpurewomanfromthebeginningtotheend.Sofromtheseangleswecannotsaysheisatragicwomanagain.Inthisessay,Iamgoingtodiscussherbravery,responsibilityandpurity.

KeyWords

brave;

responsible;

pure;

tragic

摘要

圣经里有个故事是说上帝按他自己的形象用尘土创造了人，上帝将名为亚当的人安置在伊甸园。

但上帝觉得让他孤独一人不是一件好事，他就想给他制造一个伴侣。

因此上帝取了一根亚当的肋骨制造了一个女人。

亚当认为她的骨头是他的，她的血是他的，因此她应该叫女人，因为她出自于男人。

所以很多人认为一个女人应该是男人的一部分，男人应该统治女人。

我不同意这样的想法。

我认为每个人都是生来平等的，每个人都有权力过他们自己的生活，特别是女人应该为她们自己而活不是为了男人。

《德伯家的苔丝》被认为是哈代最出色的小说。

它以一个年轻女子力争在社会中寻找自己的位置为中心。

当被发现德伯菲尔德实际上是可以追溯到几百年前的德伯维尔贵族的后裔时，母亲送大女儿苔丝去向亲戚借钱，其实是希望苔丝能与富裕的德伯维尔结婚。

因此故事开始了。

在这本小说里苔丝经历了很多：

她目睹了王子的死；

她被德伯维尔强暴；

她嫁给了克莱尔却在第二天与其分离；

当父亲去世以后她支撑着整个家庭；

为了爱情她杀了阿历克；

最后她被处死。

许多人认为她的命运是悲惨的，但她勇于同生活做斗争，从始自终她是一个有责任，勇敢，纯洁的女人，因此从这些方面来说她不再是一个悲剧人物了。

在这篇论文里我将就她的勇敢，责任心和纯洁做个阐述。

关键词

勇敢的；

负责任的；

纯洁的；

悲惨的

Introduction

Tessofthed’UrbervillesiswrittenbyThomasHardy,whowasbornonJune2,1840,inHigerBockhamptoninDorset,aruralregionofsouthwesternEngland,whichistheinspirationformanyofhisnovel.

ThomasHardybeginsTessofthed’Urbervilleswiththetitle“TooLateBeloved”in1888;

thenextyearthisnovelserializedintheGraphicfromJuly4toDecember26,1891,duringwhichHardywasforcedtobowdlerizethetextofTessbyhiseditors.Tessofthed’UrbervillessubtitledAPureWomanisthetwelfthnovelandwaspublishedin3-volumeforminDecember1891byOsgood,McIlvaine.

Tessofthed’Urbervilles（1891）cameintoconflictwithVictorianmorality.ItexploredthedarksideofhisfamilyconnectionsinBerkshire.InthestorythepoorvillagergirlTessDurbeyfieldisseducedbythewealthyAlecD’Urberville.Shebecomespregnantbutthechilddiesininfancy.TessfindsworkasadairymaidonafarmandfallsinlovewithAngelClare,aclergyman’sson.TheymarrybutwhenTesstellsAngelaboutherpast,hehypocriticallydesertsher.TessbecomesAlec’smistress.AngelreturnsfromBrazil,repentinghisharshness,butfindsherlivingwithAlec.TesskillsAlecindesperation,sheisarrestedahanged.

Differentpeoplehavedifferentideaswhentheyfinishreadingit.J.I.MStewart:

”Yetitisnotinthefinalissueadepressingbook…AndthisisbecauseTessDurbeyfieldherselfisasthesunatmoon.”DorothyVanGhentobjectstotheendingbecause”thephilosophyofanevolutionaryhopehasnothingessentialtodowithTess’fateandhercommonmeaning:

sheistoohumanlyadequateforevolutionaryethicstocommentupon,andfurthermorewedonotbelievethatyounggirlsmakeamelioratedlivesoutofwitnessofasister’shanging.

AlthoughTessissentencedtodeath,sheisnotatragicwoman.Sheisabrave,responsibleandpurewoman.Shestruggleswithlife.Herlifeismeaningful.

Ⅰ.TheSocialBackgroundofthisNovel

Thisnoveliswrittenduring19thcenturythatisVictorianAge.Itisaperiod,whichmanyBritishpeopleareproudof.ThebigexpansioninBritishindustryandcommerceandthestrongerholdinmorecoloniesabroadgaveBritainanindustrialmonopolyoveralargepartoftheworld.Asharpdeclineintheso-calledVictorianprosperitysetsin,Britishagriculturesarethoroughlybankrupt.AtthattimeEnglandisinprocessofgreattransformation.ThesteamengineleadsEnglandintoanewera.AssurlyasEngland’sgrassisgreen,theindustrialeconomydevelopsandsupersedestheagricultureeconomy.Theeconomicchangesmatchthenewemergingsocialstructure.However,thegrowthperiodisnearlyviolentandcertainlypainful.“Closeundertheeavesofthestack,andasyetbarelyvisible,wastheredtyrantthatthewomenhadcometoserve.……whilstitwasgoing,keptupadespoticdemandupontheenduranceoftheirmusclesandnerves.”（Hardy:

522）.RailwaysarethenewmeansofestablishingreliablecontactbetweentheruralurbanareasofEngland.Ruralworkersproducebeyondsubsistencenotonlyfortheirownneeds,butalsoforthedemandsofthenewindustrialcenter.Themarketexpands,andtherereallyarecommoditysurpluses.TessandAngeldeliverthemilktotherailwaystation:

“Tesswassoreceptivethatthefewminutesofcontactwiththewhirlofmaterialprogresslingeredinherthought.‘Londonerswilldrinkitatthebreakfasttomorrow,won’tthey!

’sheasked.”（Ibid:

188）.Obviously,Tessisjustabletoimaginethecitybeveller’slife.

Theimageofthenineteenthcenturyasaperiodofgreatopportunityformenofenergyandskillisonethathasbeenlongestablished.Theincreasedscaleofindustryandoverseastrade,togetherwiththeexpansionofempirefuelledtheproliferationofcommenceandfinancesuchasbanks,insurancecompanies,shippingandrailways.TheVictorianperiodwitnessesthemassiveexpansionoflocalgovernmentandthecentralizedstate,providingoccupationsforavaststratumofcivilservants,teachers,doctors,lawyersandgovernmentofficialsaswellasthedarksandassistantswhichhelpstheseinstitutionsandservicestooperate.Despitetheexpansionoftheeconomyandthegrowthoftownsandcities,reputationandpersonalcontactremainssignificantfactorsinbusinessarrangementsandrecruitmentintheVictorianperiod.Inmovingfromasocietybasedonrankandprivilegetoonebasedonfreeexchange,theveryideathatanindividual,thoughhardwork,thriftandself-reliance,couldachievesocialandeconomicsuccessprovidedanequalizingprinciple.

Ⅱ.Tess’Bravery

LifeforTessisveryhard,butsheissobravethatshestruggleswithlife.

A.Tess’SexualInnocence

TessisoneofmembersoftheMayDayprocession.Shewearsinwhiteandherphysicalcharacteristicsequallysuggestherinnocence.Atthattimesheisjustagirlwhoknowsnothingoflife.AfterthedeathofPrince,Tessgoestoclaimkinshipwiththed’Urbervilles.Itisthisaspectofthevisittothed’UrbervillesthatdisturbsTessmost,highlightingherparticularsexualinnocence.Thisintroducesthethemeofsexualityandinnocencethatwillcontinuethroughoutthenovel;

atthispointinthenovelTessrepresentsaparticularsexualinnocence.SheisunawareofherownsexualityandthuscannotperceivethedangerthatAlecd’Urbervillespresentstoher.Becausesheisanattractivewoman,d’Urbervillesisattractedbyherbeautyanddosomethingstoexpresshisfeeling,whichmakesTessfeelembarrassed.Ifshecanfindsomejobinhervillage,sheneedsnotgototakecareofMrs.d’Urberville’schickens.Shedoesnotliked’Urbervilles,soshedoesnotwanttostaywithhim.Butshedoesnotknowwhatwillhappenonher.Duringtheirdangeroustravelalongwithsexuality,AlecasksTesstograsphiswaistwhilethecarriagetumblesdownthehill.AtthattimeTessfindsherselfindangerwithAlec.ButforherthereisnootherchoicebuttodoasAlecdemands.AfterthistravelTessworksasamereruralservant,thisisbecauseAlechimselfhasbroughtTesstohishouseunderfalsepretenses;

hedoesnottakehertoclaimkinshipwithhimandhismother,butratherforhisownpersonalreasons,butTessdoesnotknowthis.

B.