高三二轮复习完形填空的解题技巧及训练+非谓语动词的复习3Word文档下载推荐.docx
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3.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_____(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.
4.Volunteeringgivesyouachance________(change)lives,includingyourown.
5.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_______(appoint)toguardher.
【答案】1.enjoying
【解析】现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行,主动含义
【答案】2.carrying
【答案】3.returned
【解析】过去分词作定语,表示被动
【答案】4.tochange
【解析】不定式作定语,强调将来的动作
【答案】5.appointed
【解析】过去分词作定语,表示动作被动含义
II.完形填空(2015四川卷)
Myprevioushomehadastandofwoodsbehinditandmanyanimalsinthebackyard.Thatfirstyear,I__11_feedingpeanutstothebluejays,thenthesquirrels.Thesquirrelshadno_12___cominguprighttomeforthem.Asthemonthswentby,therabbitssawthatIwasno___13___anddidn’tescape.WhenIthrewcarrotslices(薄片),theyevencameforanibble(啃).Slowlytheycameto_14___me,andbytheendoftheyeartheywereeatingoutofmyhand.
Thatsecondyear,therabbits_15____me,andonewouldevensitupforslices!
WhileIwasfeedingthem,I_16___thatagroundhogwhousedtorunawaywasnowtalkingan__17____interestinthisfoodsituation.Icarefullyextendedalong__17____,withakeeneyeonthoseteeth,and___,thereweretimesIwouldhavethegroundhogsittingnexttoarabbit,bothmunching(津津有味的咀嚼)Oncarrots.Afewmonthslater,while___20___,shewouldeventurnherbacktome.___21_
Whenshewasfacingaway,Ireachedoutand___22__scratched(搔)herbackwithmyfinger,SheDidn’tmove.
Byyearthree,therabbitsandthegroundhogwereback.Thegroundhog___23__didn’thaveaproblemwithmescratchingherback,andIgotanidea,I’dalways___24__,whileslicingupcarrots,thattheendlookedlikeacap.____25___oneday,justtoseewhatshewoulddo,Igently____26__oneontopofthegroundhog’shead.Again,nota___27__,Thenexttime,Ihadmycamerareadytorecordwhatyouseehere,oneofseveraldozensuchpictures,____28___shehadaslicetoeat,shenever___29___theoneofherhead.Itwasafair__30__—Igotapleasure,andshehadyetanothertastytreat.
11.A.avoidedB.startedC.canceledD.suggested
12.A.businessB.funC.problemD.privilege
13.A.helpB.cheatC.threatD.exception
14.A.trustB.missC.admireD.appreciate
15.A.fearedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.remembered
16.A.provedB.decidedC.noticedD.understood
17.A.extremeB.increasingC.additionalD.inspiring
18.A.squirrelB.rabbitC.peanutD.carrot
19.A.beforelongB.longagoC.overandoverD.alloveragain
20.A.eatingB.playingC.sittingD.sleeping
21.A.NextB.OnceC.SoonD.Lately
22.A.carefullyB.suddenlyC.violentlyD.patiently
23.A.alsoB.thusC.justD.still
24.A.thoughtB.doubtedC.admittedD.recognized
25.A.WhileB.OrC.SoD.For
26.A.fixedB.placedC.hungD.kept
27.A.trembleB.moveC.delayD.hesitation
28.A.EvenifB.EversinceC.AsfarasD.Solongas
29.A.welcomedB.requiredC.botheredD.expected
30.A.tradeB.competitionC.taskD.affair
【答案】11-15BCCAD16-20CBDAA21-25BADAC26-30BBDCA
三.知识精要
1.说明文类型的完形填空的解题思路
在说明文型完形填空中,作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象,如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动,然后按照时间、空间、事情发展顺序,运用列举、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍和说明。
说明文型完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明。
文章还可以用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一个产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。
对于这一类型的完形填空,对考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心。
说明文所呈现的方式往往比较单一,作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。
由于以上特点,这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面。
因此,考生要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意。
在文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。
2.语法
非谓语动词(3)---非谓语动词作状语的辨析
考点聚焦
1.不定式:
一般做目的状语(翻译为“为了。
。
”)和结果状语(一般放在逗号后,与only连用,强调出乎意料的结果)
(注):
inorderto和soasto也可译为“为了。
,以便。
”但inorderto可以位于句首或句中,soasto不能位于句首。
Eg.Tocompletethetaskontime,workershadtoworkovertime.
Ihurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldtheplanehadtakenoff.
2.分词:
可做时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、让步状语、伴随状语或结果状语(分词做结果状语时,一般强调自然而然产生的结果)
Eg.Walkingonthestreetyesterday,Iheardmynamecalled.(时间状语)
Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageseemsmorebeautiful.(条件状语/时间状语)
(注)分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语,所以要根据句子的主语来判断主动或被动关系。
Theteachercameintotheclassroom,carryingalargebox.(伴随状语)
Ithasbeenrainingforaweek,causingalotofdamage.(结果状语,强调自然而然产生的结果)
四.要点讲练
【要点1】说明文的完形填空:
【例题1】
(2015广东卷)
Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?
Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis___1___tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive——ifheorsheis___2___healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!
Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce___3___.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand___4___die.
Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga___5___lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!
Whendoesoldagebeginthen?
Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe___6___linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental___7___untilafterage75.
Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople___8___childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood___9___.Nowthatthechancesofdying___10___aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.
Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The___11___inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee___12___,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin___13___ifnotinage.
Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe___14___ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto___15___activeanddevoted.
1.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered
2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely
3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately
4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately
5.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier
6.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing
7.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure
8.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value
9.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases
10.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet
11.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases
12.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices
13.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement
14.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission
15.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay
答案与解析:
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。
根据动词短语的固定搭配可以知道,这里表示设定。
2.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词。
根据110yearsisthelongestthat的意思,即一个必须非常健康才可能达到。
3.【答案】C
根据第一段所述的最长寿命可知,人的细胞不可能无穷无尽的再生可以得知答案。
4.【答案】A
第一段最后一句,theywearout,andasaresult,wegetold的意思可知,人最终是会死亡的。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查比较级的用法。
……wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years.所以答案是longer。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解。
betweenmiddleageandoldage可以知道这里是说两者的切分点,其他选项不符合语境。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。
根据第三段最后一句,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental……untilafterage75可知答案。
8.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。
根据第四段第一句可知答案。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。
根据前面内容可知,此处指孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。
10.【答案】B
根据第四段段第一句和第二句话可知,这里指的是儿童的早逝。
11.【答案】A
根据第五段第一句话同时联系第三句可知,人口结构发生了变化。
12.【答案】B
根据对上下文的理解,第五段段第一句和第二句话可知,这里指的是人口结构变化带来的机遇。
13.【答案】A
根据前四段可知,这里指的人口年龄和心态。
14.【答案】C
文章最后一段可知,还有最后一个单词可知答案。
15.【答案】D
根据语意,老年人需要保持活跃和有贡献可知答案。
【例题2】
(2017年安徽淮南高三第二次模拟)
UsingpublictoiletsinChinacanoftenbeachallengingundertaking,particularlyforthosenotpracticedintheartofsittingdeep.41researchersinChinahavecomeupwithanew42thattheysaycanhelp43apoisonousproblembotheringChina’spublictoilets:
theoverpoweringodor(恶臭).
Unlikechemicalsolutions,44areexpensiveandcan45...theenvironment,thenewbiotreatmentisbeingthoughtasacost-effectivewayofprotectingtheenvironmentto46
75percentofthebadsmellinbathrooms,accordingtoresearchersfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences.
The47behindthetreatmentliesinaspecial48oftwotypesofbacteria—lactobacilliussp(乳杆菌类细菌)andstreptococcusthermopiles(嗜热链球菌)一aswellastheelementsoforanges.Thepreparedmixture,whichcomesinliquidorpowderform,feedsonhumanwastewhenapplied,thus49thegrowthofodor-makingbacteria.However,notyetavailablein50theodor-killingtechnologyisstillundergoing51Manyexperimentswiththesolutionarebeing52intheHuanglongNaturePreserveandJiuzhaigouNationalPark.
Wecanseethetechnologyisespeciallysuitedforuseinthenonflushing(非冲水)toiletsoftenfoundinthesetypesofnaturepreserves,sincewaterregulationsintheseareasareoftenvery53一andpipesaredifficultto54.Portablebathrooms,while
55,arerelativelyexpensivetomaintaincomparedwiththebiosolution.
“Thisway—56canseethatnotonlyareyour57nice,butthetoiletsandtheotherfacilitiesatthesitearepleasantaswellandthetechnologyhasother58aswell,suchasthetreatmentofrubbish.”saidtheadministratorofJiuzhaigouNationalPark.
If59toitseffectivenessprovetrue,thetechnologyislikelytobe60bytheChinesehealthauthorities.
41.A.BecauseB.IfC.ButD.While
42.A.technologyB.