考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx

考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx

《考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

考研英语一真题及答案完美打印版

2019年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）

及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can`tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou`veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe

11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12:

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18,assumingyou`relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some

[B]Most

[C]Few

[D]All

2.[A]put

[B]take

[C]run

[D]come

3.[A]Since

[B]If

[C]Though

[D]Until

4.[A]formally

[B]relatively

[C]gradually

[D]literally

5.[A]back

[B]next

[C]around

[D]away

6.[A]onto

[B]off

[C]across

[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive

[B]uncrowded

[C]unchanged

[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site

[B]point

[C]way

[D]place

9.[A]So

[B]Yet

[C]Instead

[D]Besides

10.[A]immediately

[B]intentionally

[C]unexpectedly

[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised

[B]annoyed

[C]frightened

[D]confused

12.[A]problem

[B]option

[C]view

[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall

[B]Incontrast

[C]Onaverage

[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]from

[B]through

[C]beyond

[D]under

16.[A]posts

[B]links

[C]shades

[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial

[B]mysterious

[C]hidden

[D]limited

18.[A]Finally

[B]Consequently

[C]Incidentally

[D]Generally

19.[A]memories

[B]marks

[C]notes

[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict

[B]adopt

[C]lead

[D]expose

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short

-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism，”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments’impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.“short-termism”ineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventing“short-termism”.

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.

C.theapproachestopromoting“long-termism”.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled"gradeforgiveness"—ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent’soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.“Untimely,”saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar,“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.”

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents—who,attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill—feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible—oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students’andcolleges'incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students'indifferencetoGPAS.

C.Colleges'neglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincolleges'graduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities'incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablescollegesto

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments'needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned"（Line5,Para.6）mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheel