雅思阅读模拟试题和答案Word文档格式.docx
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1REFRIGERATORSaretheepitomeofclunkytechnology:
solid,reliableandjustalittlebitdull.Theyhavenotchangedmuchoverthepastcentury,butthentheyhavenotneededto.Theyarebasedonarobustand
effective
idea--drawheatfromthethingyouwanttocoolbyevaporatingaliquidnexttoit,andthendumpthatheatbypumpingthevapourelsewhereandcondensingit.Thismethodofpumpingheatfromoneplacetoanotherservedmankindwellwhenrefrigerators'
mainjobswerepreservingfoodand,asairconditioners,coolingbuildings.Today'
shigh-techworld,however,demandshigh-techrefrigeration.Heatpumpsarenolongeruptothejob.Thesearchisonforsomethingtoreplacethem.
2Onesetofcandidatesareknownasparaelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:
attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.Thiseffectisusedininfra-redcameras.Anarrayoftinypiecesofparaelectricmaterialcansensetheheatradiatedby,forexample,aperson,andthepatternofthearray'
selectricaloutputscanthenbeusedtoconstructanimage.Butuntilrecentlynoonehadbotheredmuchwiththeinverseofthisprocess.Thatinverseexists,however.Applyanappropriatecurrenttoaparaelectricmaterialanditwillcooldown.
3SomeonewhoislookingatthisinverseeffectisAlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded.Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.
4Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmore
efficient
domesticfridgesandairconditioners.Therealmoney,though,maybeincoolingcomputers.
5Gadgetscontainingmicroprocessorshavebeengettinghotterforalongtime.OneconsequenceofMoore'
sLaw,whichdescribesthedoublingofthenumberoftransistorsonachipevery18months,isthattheamountofheatproduceddoublesaswell.Infact,itmorethandoubles,becausebesidesincreasinginnumber,thecomponentsaregettingfaster.Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.Andthefrequencyhasdoubledalot.ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'
scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.ThePentium4--thelast"
single-core"
desktopprocessor--clockedup3.2billioncyclesasecond.
6Disposingofthisheatisabigobstructiontofurtherminiaturisationandhigherspeeds.Theinnardsofadesktopcomputercommonlyhit80℃.At85℃,theystopworking.Tweakingtheprocessor'
sheatsinks(copperoraluminiumboxesdesignedtoradiateheataway)hasreacheditslimit.Sohastweakingthefansthatcirculateairoverthoseheatsinks.Andtheideaofshiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsthatdividedprocessingpowerbetweenfirsttwo,andthenfour,subunits,inordertospreadthethermalload,alsoseemstohavetheendoftheroadinsight.
7Onewayoutofthismaybeasecondcuriousphysicalphenomenon,thethermoelectriceffect.Likeparaelectricmaterials,thisgenerateselectricityfromaheatsourceandproducescoolingfromanelectricalsource.Unlikeparaelectrics,asignificantbodyofresearchersisalreadyworkingonit.
8Thetricktoagoodthermoelectricmaterialisacrystalstructureinwhichelectronscanflowfreely,butthepathofphonons--heat-carryingvibrationsthatarelargerthanelectrons--isconstantlyinterrupted.Inpractice,thistrickishardtopulloff,andthermoelectricmaterialsarethuslessefficientthanparaelectricones(or,atleast,thanthoseexaminedbyDrMischenko).Nevertheless,RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller--sosmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.
9Thelastwordincomputercooling,though,maygotoasystemevenlesstechythanaheatpump--aminiatureversionofacarradiator.LastyearApplelaunchedapersonalcomputerthatiscooledbyliquidthatispumpedthroughlittlechannelsintheprocessor,andthencetoaradiator,whereitgivesupitsheattotheatmosphere.Toimproveonthis,IBM'
sresearchlaboratoryinZurichis
experimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.Inthefuture,therefore,acombinationofmicrochannelsandeitherthermoelectricsorparaelectricsmightcoolcomputers.Theold,asitwere,handinhandwiththenew.(830words)
2.雅思阅读题目
Questions1-5
Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththescientistorcompanynamefromtheboxbelow.
WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.
A.Apple
B.IBM
C.Intel
D.AlexMischenko
E.AliShakouri
F.RamaVenkatasubramanian
1....andhisresearchgroupuseparaelectricfilmavailablefromthemarkettoproducecooling.
2....soldmicroprocessorsrunningat60mcyclesasecondin1993.
3....saysthathehasmaderefrigeratorswhichcancoolthehotspotsofcomputerchipsby10℃.
4....claimstohavemadearefrigeratorsmallenoughtobebuiltintoacomputerchip.
5....attemptstoproducebettercoolinginpersonalcomputersbystirringupliquidwithtinyjetstomakesuremaximumheatexchange.
Questions6-9
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththe
information
giveninthereadingpassage?
Inboxes6-9onyouranswersheetwrite
TRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage
FALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassage
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
6.Paraelectricmaterialscangenerateacurrentwhenelectrodesareattachedtothem.
7.Dr.Mischenkohassuccessfullyappliedhislaboratorydiscoverytomanufacturingmoreefficientreferigerators.
8.Doublingthefrequencyoflogicaloperationsinsideamicroprocessordoublestheheatoutput.
9.IBMwillachievebettercomputercoolingbycombiningmicrochannelswithparaelectrics.
Question10
ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminbox10onyouranswersheet.
10.Whichmethodofdisposingheatincomputersmayhaveabrightprospect?
A.Tweakingtheprocessors?
heatsinks.
B.Tweakingthefansthatcirculateairovertheprocessor抯heatsinks.
C.Shiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsofsubunits.
D.Noneoftheabove.
Questions11-14
Completethenotesbelow.
ChooseonesuitablewordfromtheReadingPassageaboveforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.
Traditionalrefrigeratorsuse...11...pumpstodroptemperature.Atpresent,scientistsaresearchingforothermethodstoproducerefrigeration,especiallyincomputermicroprocessors....12...materialshavebeentriedtogeneratetemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded....13...effecthasalsobeenadoptedbymanyresearcherstocoolhotspotsincomputers.Aminiatureversionofacar...14...mayalsobeasystemtorealizeidealcomputercoolinginthefuture.
KeyandExplanations:
1.D
SeeParagraph3:
...AlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedrops...
2.C
SeeParagraph5:
ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'
scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.
3.F
SeeParagraph8:
...RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.
4.E
AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller梥osmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.
5.B
SeeParagraph9:
Toimproveonthis,IBM'
sresearchlaboratoryinZurichisexperimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.
10、由于煤、石油等化石燃料消耗的急剧增加,产生了大量的二氧化碳,使空气中的二氧化碳含量不断增加,导致全球气候变暖、土壤沙漠化、大陆和两极冰川融化,给全球环境造成了巨大的压力。
6.TRUE
SeeParagraph2:
...paraelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:
attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.
7.FALSE
SeeParagraph3(Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.)andParagraph4(Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmoreefficientdomesticfridges?
8.FALSE
答:
①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮,不随地吐痰,爱护花草树木,搞好环境卫生,保护好身边的环境。
②力争做一个环保小卫士,向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。
Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.
9.NOTGIVEN
8、地球自转一周的时间是一天;
地球公转一周的时间是一年;
月球公转一周的时间是农历一个月。
SeeParagraph