经济学原理对应练习 10Word格式.docx

经济学原理对应练习 10Word格式.docx

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Applicative

2.Intheabsenceofexternalities,the"

invisiblehand"

leadsamarkettomaximize

a.producerprofitfromthatmarket.

b.totalbenefittosocietyfromthatmarket.

c.bothequityandefficiencyinthatmarket.

d.outputofgoodsorservicesinthatmarket.

BPTS:

3.Oneadvantagemarketeconomieshaveoverothertypesofeconomiesisthatmarketeconomies

a.provideanequaldistributionofgoodsandservicestoconsumers.

b.establishgovernmenteconomiccontrol.

c.solvetheproblemofscarcity.

d.aremoreefficient.

DPTS:

4.Thetermmarketfailurerefersto

a.amarketthatfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.

b.anunsuccessfuladvertisingcampaignwhichreducesdemand.

c.ruthlesscompetitionamongfirms.

d.afirmthatisforcedoutofbusinessbecauseoflosses.

APTS:

Definitional

5.Marketfailurecanbecausedby

a.toomuchcompetition.

b.externalities.

c.lowconsumerdemand.

d.scarcity.

Interpretive

6.Anexternalityistheimpactof

a.society'

sdecisionsonthewell-beingofsociety.

b.aperson'

sactionsonthatperson'

swell-being.

c.oneperson'

sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.

d.society'

sdecisionsonthepoorestpersoninthesociety.

7.Theimpactofoneperson'

sactionsonthewell-beingofabystanderiscalled

a.aneconomicdilemma.

b.deadweightloss.

c.amulti-partyproblem.

d.anexternality.

8.Anexternality

a.isatypeofmarketfailure.

b.causesmarketstoallocateresourcesefficiently.

c.strengthenstheroleofthe“invisiblehand”inthemarketplace.

d.affectsproducersbutnotconsumers.

9.Dogownersdonotbearthefullcostofthenoisetheirbarkingdogscreateandoftentaketoofewprecautionstopreventtheirdogsfrombarking.Localgovernmentsaddressthisproblemby

a.makingitillegalto"

disturbthepeace."

b.havingawell-fundedanimalcontroldepartment.

c.subsidizinglocalanimalshelters.

d.encouragingpeopletoadoptcats.

10.Anexternalityis

a.thecoststhatpartiesincurintheprocessofagreeingandfollowingthroughonabargain.

b.theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson'

c.thepropositionthatprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources.

d.amarketequilibriumtax.

11.Anexternalityisanexampleof

a.acorrectivetax.

b.atradablepollutionpermit.

c.amarketfailure.

d.Bothaandbarecorrect.

12.Anexternalityexistswhenever

a.theeconomycanbenefitfromgovernmentintervention.

b.marketsarenotabletoreachequilibrium.

c.afirmsellsitsproductinaforeignmarket.

d.apersonengagesinanactivitythatinfluencesthewell-beingofabystanderandyetneitherpaysnorreceivespaymentforthateffect.

2REF:

13.Whenexternalitiesarepresentinamarket,thewell-beingofmarketparticipants

a.andmarketbystandersarebothdirectlyaffected.

b.andmarketbystandersarebothindirectlyaffected.

c.isdirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersareindirectlyaffected.

d.isindirectlyaffected,andmarketbystandersaredirectlyaffected.

Analytical

14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutawell-maintainedyardbestconveysthegeneralnatureoftheexternality?

a.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthehome'

smarketvalue.

b.Awell-maintainedyardconveysanegativeexternalitybecauseitincreasesthepropertytaxliabilityoftheowner.

c.Awell-maintainedyardconveysapositiveexternalitybecauseitincreasesthevalueofadjacentpropertiesintheneighborhood.

d.Awell-maintainedyardcannotprovideanytypeofexternality.

15.Sincerestoredhistoricbuildingsconveyapositiveexternality,localgovernmentsmaychooseto

a.regulationthedemolitionofthem.

b.providetaxbreakstoownerswhorestorethem.

c.increasepropertytaxesinhistoricareas.

16.Externalities

a.causemarketstofailtoallocateresourcesefficiently.

b.causeequilibriumpricestobetoohigh.

c.benefitproducersattheexpenseofconsumers.

d.causeequilibriumpricestobetoolow.

17.Whenexternalitiesexist,buyersandsellers

a.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,butthemarketequilibriumisstillefficient.

b.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisefficient.

c.neglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.

d.donotneglecttheexternaleffectsoftheiractions,andthemarketequilibriumisnotefficient.

18.Dioxinemissionthatresultsfromtheproductionofpaperisagoodexampleofanegativeexternalitybecause

a.self-interestedpaperfirmsaregenerallyunawareofenvironmentalregulations.

b.therearefinesforproducingtoomuchdioxin.

c.self-interestedpaperproducerswillnotconsiderthefullcostofthedioxinpollutiontheycreate.

d.toxicemissionsarethebestexampleofanexternality.

19.Ifapapermanufacturerdoesnotbeartheentirecostofthedioxinitemits,itwill

a.emitalowerlevelofdioxinthanissociallyefficient.

b.emitahigherlevelofdioxinthanissociallyefficient.

c.emitanacceptablelevelofdioxin.

d.notemitanydioxininanattempttoavoidpayingtheentirecost.

20.OneoftheTenPrinciplesofEconomicsisthat"

marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizemarketbehavior."

Thisstatementdoesnotimplywhichofthefollowing?

a.Somemarketsproducenegativeexternalities.

b.Theinvisiblehandofthemarketplacedoesnotalwaysleadbuyersandsellerstomaximizetotalbenefittosociety.

c.Somemarketsarecharacterizedbymarketfailure.

d.Othertypesofeconomiesaremoreefficientthanmarketeconomies.

21.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanexternality?

a.cigarettesmokethatpermeatesanentirerestaurant

b.aflushotthatpreventsastudentfromtransmittingthevirustoherroommate

c.abeautifulflowergardenoutsideofthelocalpostoffice

d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.

22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcorrect?

a.Governmentpoliciesmayimprovethemarket'

sallocationofresourceswhennegativeexternalitiesarepresent.

b.Governmentpoliciesmayimprovethemarket'

sallocationofresourceswhenpositiveexternalitiesarepresent.

c.Apositiveexternalityisanexampleofamarketfailure.

d.Withoutgovernmentintervention,themarketwilltendtoundersupplyproductsthatproducenegativeexternalities.

23.Whichofthefollowingrepresentsawaythatagovernmentcanhelptheprivatemarkettointernalizeanexternality?

a.taxinggoodsthathavenegativeexternalities

b.subsidizinggoodsthathavepositiveexternalities

c.Thegovernmentcannotimproveupontheoutcomesofprivatemarkets.

24.Whenexternalitiesarepresentinamarket,

a.themarketequilibriummaximizesthetotalbenefittosocietyasawhole.

b.participantslosesomemarketbenefitstobystanders.

c.firmsproducetoomuchoutput.

d.themarketfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.

10-0|10-1

25.Ifanexternalityispresentinamarket,economicefficiencymaybeenhancedby

a.increasedcompetition.

b.weakeningpropertyrights.

c.betterinformedmarketparticipants.

d.governmentintervention.

10-1

26.Ifasawmillcreatestoomuchnoiseforlocalresidents,

a.noiserestrictionswillforceresidentstomoveoutofthearea.

b.asenseofsocialresponsibilitywillcauseownersofthemilltoreducenoiselevels.

c.thegovernmentcanraiseeconomicwell-beingthroughnoise-controlregulations.

d.thegovernmentshouldavoidinterveningbecausethemarketwillallocateresourcesefficiently.

27.Privatemarketsfailtoaccountforexternalitiesbecause

a.externalitiesdon'

tocc