最新高中英语语法系统复习二十连词.docx
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最新高中英语语法系统复习二十连词
高中英语语法系统复习----二十连词
连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
连词主要可分为两类：
并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
如：
and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,（and）then等等。
20.1并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。
1） and与or
判断改错：
（错）Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.
（错）Theystartedtodanceandsang.
（错）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.
（对）Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.
（对）Theystartedtodanceandsing.
（对）Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.
解析：
第一句：
and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。
第二句：
and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。
第三句：
and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：
and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。
（or也有此用法）例如：
Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。
=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.
Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.再努力一下，你会成功的。
=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed.
2）both…and 两者都。
例如：
Sheplays（both）thepianoandtheguitar.她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
3） notonly…but（also）,aswellas不但…而且。
例如：
Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but（also）theguitar.她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。
注意：
notonly…butalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。
例如
Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.他不但喜欢读小说，甚至还会写。
4） neither…nor意思为\"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
例如：
Neitheryounorheistoblame.你和他都不该受指责。
20.2比较and和or
1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2）但有时and也可用于否定句。
请注意其不同特点：
Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.
Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.
在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
典型例题
---Idon\'tlikechicken___fish.
---Idon\'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.
A.and；and B.and；but C.or；but D.or；and
答案C。
否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。
判断改错：
（错）Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.
（错）Wecan\'tlivewithoutairorwater.
（对）Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.
（对）Wecan\'tlivewithoutairandwater.
20.3表示选择的并列结构
1）or意思为\"否则\"。
例如：
Imustworkhard,orI\'llfailintheexam.我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。
2）either…or 意思为\"或者……或者……\"。
注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。
例如：
EitheryouorIamright.不是你对，就是我对。
20.4表示转折或对比
1）but表示转折，while表示对比。
例如：
Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。
典型例题
---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?
---I\'dliketo,___I\'mtoobusy.
A.and B.so C.as D.but
答案D。
but与前面形成转折，符合语意。
而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2）not…but…意思为\"不是…而是…\"，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but（thebones）ofahumanbeing.这些不是动物的骨头，而是人的。
20.5表原因关系
1）for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
判断改错：
（错）Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.
（对）Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.
2）so为连词,therefore一般为副词。
例如：
Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.他的腿受伤了，不能上场。
Ithink;thereforeIexist.我思故我在。
20.6比较so和such
such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。
so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。
so+adj. such+a（n）+n.
so+adj.+a（n）+n. such+n.（pl.）
so+adj.+n.（pl.） such+n.（pl.）
so+adj.+n.（不可数） such+n.（不可数）
sofoolish suchafool
soniceaflower suchaniceflower
somany/fewflowers suchniceflowers
somuch/littlemoney. suchrapidprogress
somanypeople suchalotofpeople
somany已成固定搭配，alotof虽相当于many，但alotof为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。
20.7连词和从句练习
1.I’dgetitforyou______Icouldrememberwholastborrowedthebook.
A.onconditionthatB.nowthatC.exceptthatD.consideringthat
2.Therobbertoldhimthathehadbetterkeepsilent______hewantedtogetintotrouble
A.ifB.unlessC.otherwiseD.whether
3.Strange______hisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.
A.althoughB.evenifC.thatD.as
4.Weareworriedaboutoursonbecausenooneisaware______hehasgone.
A.theplaceB.ofwhereC.abouttheplaceD.where
5.Theprofessorspokeinaloudvoice______everyoneofuscouldhearhim.
A.suchthatB.soC.sothatD.such
6.Whenhejustgotofftheplane,hegaveusagooddescriptionof______inSpain.
A.whathehadseenB.thathehadseenC.whichhehadseenD.hehadseenwhat
7.Itisfittedwithasmalltransformer,bymeansof______thevoltageofthecurrencycanbeadjusted.
A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that
8.Idon’tknowwhyshe’slookingatme______sheknewme.I’veneverseenherbeforeinmylife.
A.asB.althoughC.evenifD.asif
9.Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeech______stormyapplausebrokeout.
A.whenB.thenC.thanD.as
10.Itishardtoavoidmistakes.______youcorrectthemconscientiously,itwillbeallright.
A.InthecaseB.AslongasC.AlthoughD.Despite
11.Geometry,______Iknownothing,seemsaverydullsubject.
A.thatB.aboutthatC.whichD.aboutwhich
12.Thehighesttemperature______inanyfurnaceonearthisabout10,000centigrade.
A.wecangetB.thatwecangetitC.whichwecangetitD.whatwecanget
13.Wesentthehorsestoaconsiderabledistance,______theyshoulddisturbthechildren.
A.lessB.lestC.lastD.least
14.Soundisconductedthroughsteelinthesamemanner______.
A.asinairB.asthroughairC.asairdoesD.likeair
15._____hewasputtingonhisuniform,theofficerfoundthatoneofthesleeveswastorn.
A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Before
16.Thepolicefinallycaughtupwiththeman______wastheescapedprisoner.
A.whotheythoughtB.whomtheythought
C.theythoughthimD.thattheythoughthim
17.______knowsthenameofthissongwillreceiveaprizefromtheradiostation.
A.WhoeverB.ThoseC.WhicheverpeopleD.Anypeople
18.______doyoubelieveisnotabouttosupportourplan?
A.WhomB.WhoC.WhomeverD.Which
19.Hedidn’tknowFrench,______madeitdifficultforhimtostudyatauniversityinFrance.
A.thatB.asC.thisD.which
20.Sheisafinesinger,______hermotherusedtobe
A.likeB.thatC.asD.which
21.______,IrealizethatIoweadebttomyearlycountrylife.
A.LoveroftownsIamB.Asloveroftowns
C.LoveroftownsasamID.ThoughamItheloveroftowns
22.TheriseofDavywasallthemorebrilliantin______hehadnothadmuchschooling.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.theway
23.Shealwaystakescarefulnotesinclass______shemayreviewthemfromtimetotime.
A.sothatB.inordertoC.becauseofD.ratherthan
24.Thereasonhewaslateis______hisclockdidn’tgivethealarm.
A.becauseB.duetoC.sinceD.that
25.______hewasinerrorwillscarcelybedisputedbyhiswarmestfriends.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Though
26.Ishalldotheexercises______Ihavebeentaught.
A.suchB.asC.whatD.for
27.______isworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.
A.ThatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.However
28.Shewassostubbornthatsheneverlistenstotheadvice______.
A.thatIgiveittoherB.whichIgivetoher
C.whatIgivetoherD.Igiveittoher
29.Iwassupposedtobeamathematicsmajor,butIactuallytook______coursesinphysics,ifnotmore.
A.somanyB.asmanyC.agoodmanyD.suchmany
30.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninasolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.
A.sodoesaliquidB.soaliquiddoesC.soisaliquidD.asdoesaliquid
31.Heexplainedeverythingoveragain______anyoneshouldmisunderstandher.
A.sinceB.whenC.lestD.asif
32.______convincinganargumentis,itneedssupportofevidence.
A.WhateverB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Evenif
33.Earthwormsoccur______adequatemoistureandfoodandthenecessarysoilconditionsarefound.
A.andB.howeverC.butD.wherever
34.______wegavehimanythingtoeat,hewouldsaveitupforhislittlebrother.
A.WhenB.ThatC.WheneverD.What
35.ThereasonIplantogois______ifIdon’t.
A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.becauseshewillhaveadisappointment
C.thatshewillbedisappointedD.forwhichshewillbedisappointed
36.Thegreatuseofaschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings______toteachyoutheartoflearning.
A.thanB.ratherthanC.norD.as
37.Ifthedesignwaswrong,theprojectisboundtofail,______goodalltheotherideasmightbe.
A.whateverB.howeverC.whatsoeverD.even
38.Hegave______cametothestoreapamphletinwhichhisproductsweredescribed.
A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever
39.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication______theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.
A.inthatB.inorderthatC.inwhichD.that
40.Foxwasadvisedtogivetheassignmentto_______hebelievedhadastrongsenseofresponsibility.
A.whomB.whomeverC.whoeverD.that
41.Thechairmanoftheunionmadeitclearatthemeeting______hewouldnotstepdownformhispositionaschairman.
A.inwhichB.whereC.becauseD.that
42.______Ms.Wangreachedthepost-office,shediscoveredshehadlefttheletterathome.
A.JustasB.BecauseC.AslongasD.Whenas
43.Thefirststepinpreparingsuchaprogramistodrawaflowchart,______areshownopposite.
A.twoexamplesofitB.twoexamplesofwhich
C.whosetwoexampleD.whichtwoexamples
44.______theworldbegan,nationshavehaddifficultyinkeepingpeacewiththeirneighbors.
A.AlthoughB.WhenC.UntilD.Eversince
45.______difficultieswemaycomeacross,wewillhelponeanothertogetoverthem.
A.WhateverB.WhicheverC.HoweverD.What
46.Hewenttowo
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