Translation Strategies of ChineseWord文档格式.docx

Translation Strategies of ChineseWord文档格式.docx

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系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

开题时间：

2009-4-10

完成时间：

2009-11-02

2009年11月02日

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5

正文……………………………………………………………6-24

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………25

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………26

课题TranslationStrategiesofChineseNeologismintoEnglish

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.汉语新词的概述

1.1汉语新词的定义

1.2汉语新词的特点

2.汉语新词的误译

2.1缺乏对原始词汇的理解

2.2中式英语的使用

2.3文化内涵与文化差异的忽视

2.4政治新词的粗略翻译

3.汉语新词英译的策略

3.1寻找与英语相同或相近的词

3.2区分英式英语与中式英语

3.3以文化为导向的翻译

3.4口译

3.5多元化翻译

4.结论

二、内容摘要

语言是一种社会现象，随着整个社会的发展而变化。

因此，单词是语言中最活跃的因素。

它能反映社会的发展，观念的更新，尤其是体现在大量的新词上。

中国对外开放后，出现了越来越多的汉语新词，它们是社会发展的一面镜子。

这篇文章主要探讨了汉语新词翻译的策略，并解决了一些已被发现的错译词汇。

基于新词的定义和来源，本文深入列出了各种顺口溜，最后提出了相应的翻译策略。

这样写的目的是为了让外国人了解现在的中国成为现实，使跨文化交流更加顺利地进行。

三、参考文献

[1]ThompsonConciseOxfordEnglish-ChineseDictionary（2004）[A]Beijing:

ForeignLanguageTeachingandPress&

OxfordUniversityPress.

[2]王宁,郭建中主编.文化与翻译[M]北京：

中国对外翻译出版公司1999；

[3]王春.异化翻译在汉语新词英译中的优化作用[J]，教学与管理，

97-982006；

[4]杨全红.汉英词语翻译探微[M]上海：

汉语大辞典出版社2003；

[5]张健.报刊新词英译纵横[S]上海：

上海科技教育出版社2001；

[6]邹志勇,张敏.论汉语新词的英译[J]武汉理工大学大学学报，6：

773-776，2004。

TranslationStrategiesofChineseNeologismintoEnglish

Yangguihua

[Abstract]Languageisasocialphenomenon,whichchangeswiththedevelopmentofthewholesociety.Thusword,themostactivefactorinlanguage,canreflectthesocialdevelopmentandtheconceptualrenewal,especiallyembodiedinthelargequantityofneologisms.AsfortheunceasinglyincreasingnumbersofChineseneologismsafterChina’sopeningtotheworld,theyareamirrorofaspectsofthesociety.ThispapermainlyprobesintothetranslationstrategiesofChineseneologismsintoEnglish,andsolvessomemistranslationsthathavebeenfound.Basedonthestatementofneologisms’definitionandorigin,theauthorintensivelylistsavarietyofmistranslationsandfinallysetsoutcorrespondingtranslationstrategies.Inthisway,thepurposeofhavingtheforeignersunderstandChinatodaywillbeachievedandinterculturalcommunicationwillbe

moresmoothlygoingon.

[KeyWords]Chineseneologisms;

mistranslation;

translationstrategies

1.Introduction

InthelightofChina’senhancingpromotionvigor,inadditiontomoreandmoreintensiveinterestofmediafromothercountriestowardsChina’sdevelopment,thetranslationofChineseneologismsintoEnglishisbecominganewhotspoteitherinChina’stranslationfieldorinforeigncountries’media.However,itisknowntoallthatitisalaboriousanddifficulttaskduetothefreshnessofChineseneologisms.Therefore,varietiesofmistranslations,suchasChinglish,areandwillbeunavoidableforalongtime.Inaccordancewiththeseproblems,theauthorputsforwardalistofstrategiessuchasculture-orientedtranslation,distinguishingChinaEnglishfromChineseEnglish,etc..Withalargenumberofexamplesparticularized,theauthorgivesaminuteanalysisofeachstrategy.ItishopedthatthesediscussionswillbebeneficialtotheresearchoftranslatingChineseneologismsintoEnglish.

2.AnoverviewofChineseNeologisms

TranslationofChineseneologismsisaroughtask,thusthetranslatorsshouldfirsthaveageneralideaoftheneologisms,includingthedefinitionandcharacteristics.

2.1DefinitionofChineseneologisms

Neologismisanewwordorexpression（Thomson,2004:

1357）.ThisisthedefinitionofneologismfromTHENEWOXFORDENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY.Accordingtothisdefinition,oneisabletofigureoutneologismistimelyfresh.Besides,itisalsosemanticallyfresh,ascanbeseeninthesetwodefinitions:

（1）Anewwordorexpressionoranewmeaningforanolderword.

（2）Newlycoinedlexicalunitsorexistinglexicalunitsthatacquireanewsense.Tosumup,neologismiscloselytiedto“freshness”.

2.2CharacteristicsofChineseNeologisms

Besides“freshness”,Chineseneologismsareofothercharacteristics.Inotherwords,theyareinformofabbreviations,dialects,voguewordsandeuphemisms.

2.2.1Abbreviations

Someneologismstodayarehardtobearinmind.Moreover,thefast-pacingmodernlifeandcommunicationrequiresnoelaboratenessbutconciseness.Frequentlytheabbreviationscameintobeing.Theymaketheneologismsmorereadilyreadandmemorized.Forinstance,“典型性肺炎”SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome）isabbreviatedinto“非典”（SARS）.Inthisway,whenpeoplementionit,thelongphrasecanbereplacedbytwowords.Besides,“假”isshortfor“打击假冒伪劣商品、产品、作品等”;

“三讲”isshortfor“讲学习，讲政治，讲正气”.

2.2.2Dialects

ThecommonspokenChineseisbasedonthenortherndialects,butotherscanalsofindtheirwayintoit.InYueDialect,“空姐”isthewordsimilarto“客机女乘务员”,whichisgenerallyaddressedincomparativelyformaloccasionwhile“空姐”isinformal.Inaddition,HuDialectalsoentersChineseneologismsslowly,suchas“摆平”（settleamatter）,“拍板”（havethefinalsay;

givethefinalverdict）,“热门货”（hot-sellinggoods;

hotitem;

hot-seller）,amongwhich“拍板”isconsideredasamorelivelywordthan“决定”.Dialectshavetheneologismsclosertopeople.

2.2.3Voguewords

Duringtheseyears,thereisanincreasingnumberofvoguewordsprevailingamongpeople,especiallythestudents.Theyarethemajorpopulationwhospreadthevoguewords,andthisisthewaytheyreacttotheoutsideworld.Forexample,“酷”isaneologismprevailingthesefewyears.InChinese,theexpression“酷”isawayofflatteringwhichmeansoneiscalmandaggressive（ZhangJian,2001:

52）.Althoughvoguewordsarealwayspopularinashorttime,someofthemareshort-lived.

2.2.4Euphemisms

Euphemismisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmaysuggestsomethingunpleasant.SinceChina’sreformingandopeninguptotheworld,peopletendtousesomeeuphemismseithertoreachatactfulandindirecteffectortoconcealsomefacts.Forexample,someonewhoinvadesothersontheinternetiscalled“网络蟑螂”（cybersquatter）.Thiseuphemismnotonlyexpressespeople'

shatredtowardsthecockroach.Withthechangeofpeople’sthinkingstyle,euphemismsinneologismswillbeatendency.

3.MistranslationsofChineseneologisms

InChineseneologisms’translation,therearealwayssomeversionsnotsofaithfultotheoriginal,thussomemistranslationscomeintobeing,suchaslackofcomprehensionoftheoriginal,ignoranceofculturalconnotationanddifference,etc..Besides,othermistranslationsarealsocommon,suchastheusageofChinglishandcarelesstranslationofpoliticalwords.Theseproblemsareinevitablebutshouldbeminimized.

3.1Lackofcomprehensionoftheoriginal

“Faithfulness”isusuallythemostimportantcriterionintranslationaccordingtomanytranslationtheorists,suchasYanFu,LuXun,andsoon.ThetranslationofChineseneologismsisalsoapplicabletothisstandard.Inordertoconveythe“freshness”ofChineseneologisms,itisnecessarytoachieve"

faithfulness"

.MostpeoplethinkE-CtranslationliesinthecomprehensionwhileC-Etranslationintheexpression.However,thetranslatorsofChineseneologismssometimesmakemistakesduetolackofcomprehensionoftheoriginal.Someonehasevertranslated“失学儿童”as“dropout”,however,“dropout”inChineseactuallymeans“辍学学生”.InChinese,“失学儿童”indicatesnotonlythedropoutbutallthechildrenwhoaren’tabletogotoschoolduetovarietiesofreasons.Therefore,thecomparativelyacceptableversionof“失学儿童”is“（primary）schooldropoutsandchildrenwhoareunabletogotoschool”.Inthiscase,wecanfindthatthosetranslatorsfailedtocomprehendthecompletemeaningof“失学儿童”,whichledtotheincompletenessoftranslation.Itdoesn’t,tosomeextent,attainthe“faithfulness”.

3.2TheusageofChinglish

“Chinglish”istheabbreviationof“ChineseEnglish”,whichmeansEnglishisusedaccordingtoChineselanguagecustoms.Intheprocessoftranslation,Chinglishisacommonmistakemadebythetranslators,becausetheyareconfinedtotheoriginalandtranslatemechanically.Asaresult,itbreakstheruleofEnglishlanguage,suchasgrammar,rhetoricaldevices,habitualuse,logic,etc..

“一条龙服务”borrowstheconceptof“龙”inChinesetoindicatethecoordinationandharmonyofservice.Itplacesemphasisoncompletenessandentirenessofservice,whichisabsolutelydifferentfromtheconnotationof“dragon”inEnglish.IfitistranslatedintoChinglishas“aone-dragonservice”,itwillnotbeabletoconveytheconnotationof“一条龙”,butpuzzletheforeigners.Therefore,thecorrectversionshouldbe“toprovideaserviceofcoordinationandprocess”.

Topresentanacceptabletranslation,thetranslatorshavetothinkandexpressinanEnglishway.TheprofessionalresponsibilityofthetranslatorisnottotradeEnglishwordsforChineseequivalentsbuttoselectthoseEnglishwordsthat“conveytothereaderthemeaningofthewriter”.ItistogiveChineseauthorsfairexchangefortheircharacternotinequalmeasurebutinequalvalue.

3.3Ignoranceofculturalconnotationsanddifferences

Languageisthemanifestationofcultureandalsoapartofculture.Likeamirror,itcanalwaysreflectallaspectsoflanguageinacertaincountry.Inturncultureisbasedonlanguage.WhiletranslatingChineseneologisms,sometranslatorsusuallyignoreculturalconnotationsanddifferences,whichleadstomisunderstandingoftheforeigners.“高考状元”isatypicalChineseneologisminrecentyears,especiallypopulareveryyearaftercollegeentranceexamination.Someonemadeitstranslationas“numberonescholarincollegeentranceexamination”.Asst