职称英语理工类ABC级历年真题Word文件下载.docx

职称英语理工类ABC级历年真题Word文件下载.docx

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AmeasureBgenerateCtolerateDreduce

2Regularvisitfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.

AequalBmoderateCimmediateDgreat

3Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.

AbadBbrightCunclearDgeneral

4Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.

AgoodBspecialCprivateDgeneral

5Steepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.

AdangerBcaseCpictureDevidence

6Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.

AdoubtBreliefCconfusionDfailure

7Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.

AsurpriseBangerCdoubtDlove

8Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.

AphysicalBenergeticCregularDfree

9Ienjoyedtheplay—ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.

AoriginalBboringClongDhumorous

10Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.

AspendBrequireCencourageDattract

11Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.

AdisputedBacceptedCdisprovedDsupported

12Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.

AsellBcloseCbreakDcombine

13Herfatherwasaquitemanwithgracefulmanners.

AbadBsimilarCpoliteDusual

14Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.

AhardworkingBbasicCsocialDscientific

15Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.

AcriticalBnecessaryCnormalDterrible

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpacePower

Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawattsofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.Butsomemajorchallengeswillhavetobeovercomeifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.

Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.

TheattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostinterruptedsunshineavailableingeosychronousorbitEarth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsunlightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.

Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapplewiththehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana,“Ifyou’retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableforpoweroftheEarth,it’satoughgo,”hesays.

CalBoerman,Solaren’sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown.“Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolutionarydesign,”hesays.Aparentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem’sweight,includingusinginflatablemirrorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.

Butusingmirrorsintroducesotherchallenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhealing,saysScnwartz.“Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipationbecauseyou’renowconcentratingalotofenergyinoneplace,”hesays.Accordingtothecompany’spatent.Solaren’ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.

ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergylawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears,hepointsout.“Tomeetthoseneeds,we’regoingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources.”hesays.

16Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.

18Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.

19Oneadvantageofthespace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatisthatitiseconomical.

20Inflatablemirrorsareusedtoreducetheweightofthespace-basedsolarpower.

21Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.

22Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofusespace-basedsolarpowersoon.

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后又2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

NaturalGas

1.Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Itisafossilfuel（矿物燃料）meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane.

2.Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipelineinfrastructure（基础设施）hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.,andistheleasingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandindustries.Morethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchaselectricity.Inadditiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialtomanufactureavarietyofproducts,fromplanttofibersforclothing,toplasticsforhealthcare,computingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinssignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.

3.Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemits（发出）lesspollutionthanotherfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxide（二氧化物）andwatervapor–thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansbreathe.Comparedwithsomeotherfossilfuels,naturalgasemittheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted（燃烧）–makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofall.

4.TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld’snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargestgas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sInformationAdministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.

5.Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth’ssurface.ThelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbefoundinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNG（液化天然气）hasbeenproduceddomesticallyintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.Today,theleadingimportersofLNGAREJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.

23Paragraph2

24Paragraph3

25Paragraph4

26Paragraph5

ANaturalgasconsumption

BDisadvantagesofnaturalgas

CCleanfuelofchoice

DNaturalgasprices

ENaturalgasreservesandsupply

FPopularityanduseofnaturalgas

27Naturalgasisstoreddeep.

28Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource.

29Whenmanufacturingmanydifferentproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas

30Itisestimatedthatby2025thenaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease

Aformorethanfourdecades

Bforsomeenergyneeds

Casarawmaterial

Ebymorethan50percent

Foverthepast50years

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence

ResearchersbelievethatouruniversebeganwiththeBigBangabout13billionyearsago,.Andthatsoonafterthatevent,matterbegantoformassmalldustgrainsandgases.Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,butastate-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameintoexistence.

Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysicsthatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU,S.incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe“cosmicdarkages,”tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.

Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar—theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarofouruniverse—andtheresearchers’computersimulationsetsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsandeventualexplosionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.

Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,andthemysterious“darkmatter”oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystage,ofastar—aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar.Dr.Yoshida’ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestarcapableofsynthesizingheavyelements,notjustinlatergenerationsofstars,butsoonaftertheBigBang.

“Thisgeneralpictureofstarformation,andtheabilitytocomparehowstellarobjectsformindifferenttimeperiodsandregionsoftheuniverse,w