中考英语常考的语法知识点.docx
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中考英语常考的语法知识点
中考常考的语法知识点
一．冠词
1.anumbrella,anuncle,anunpleasanttrip,anunusualboy,anuglygirl,anMP3，anIphone5s
2.auniform,auniversity,aunit,aUFO,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,anAsiancountry
3.anhour,anhonestboy（h不发音）
4.an“a”（e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x）,a“b”（c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z）
5.（无冠词）Children’sDay,MayDay,theSpringFestival
6.序数词和最高级前要用the:
thefirstlesson,thethirdclass,themostexercitingmovie
7.独一无二的事物和江湖海前用the:
themoon,theearth,thesun,theChangjingRiver
8.aone-year-oldbaby,aneight-year-oldboy,aneleven-year-oldgirl
9.—IlostthebookIboughtlastweek.—Isitablackone?
10.DoyouknowtheboynexttoMary/themaninwhite?
11.序数词和最高级前如有名词所有格或物主代词不加the:
LiLeiismyfirstChinesefriendandheisalsomybestfriend.
二．名词
1.名词单复数:
（单复数同形）manysheep,afewdeer,severalJapanese,threeChinese,ninefish
（不规则变化）afewgeese,twomice,somechildren,tenfeet,fiveteeth
radios,photos,pianos,zoos;potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes
2.名词所有格:
TomandMary’sfather,Tom’sandMary’sfathers
thekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion,thetickettotheconcert,
thewaytothebank
Teachers’Day,Mother’sDay,Women’sDay
tenminutes’walk=aten-minutewalk,afive-dayholiday=fivedays’holiday,
havefivedaysoff
3.不可数名词:
weather、news、information、advice、music、fun、room（空间）、work
（不可数名词前不可加a,an,感叹句中也不能有a,an）（可数:
amessage,anewspaper）
Thereisanorange（橙子）onthetable.twobottlesoforange（橙汁）
anorange（橙色）dress
4.名词作定语:
shoeshops,clothesshops,girlstudents,womendoctors,mennurses,sportsshoes
5.threeEnglishmen/Frenchmen,afewGermans,manyAmericans
6.apieceofbreadaboxoforangesapairofshoes
fourpiecesofbreadtwoboxesoforangesfivepairsofshoes
7.名词可数和不可数时意思不一样：
chicken（鸡肉；小鸡）life（生活；生命lives）,orange（橙汁；橙子）
8.（本身是复数）twopeople,police,
（总是用复数）manyclothes,apairoftrousers,vegetables
三．数词:
1.thousandsof,threethousand,hundredsof,fourhundred,millionsof,sixmillion
2.（分数表达：
分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于一，分母复数）
onefifth五分之一,twothirds三分之二,threequarters四分之三
3.特殊的序数词:
first,second,third,twelfth,twentieth,nine-nineteen-ninety-ninth,
four-fourth-fourteen-forty-fortieth
4.时间表达:
6:
45sixforty-five,aquartertoseven6:
15sixfifteen,aquarterpast6
5.inthe1860s/1860’s（19世纪60年代）,inherforties（在她四十多岁时）
6.序数词要与the连用：
thefirstone,如前面有名词所有格或物主代词就不用the：
hiseighthbirthday
7.BusNo.112；thesecondlesson,LessonTwo;Room308,thetwenty-firstcentury
8.anothertwoboys=twomoreboys再多要两个男孩
9.attheageoftwelve/fifteen（基数词）
10.twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours，onehourandahalf=oneandahalfhours
11.a+序数词：
再一；又一个asecondchance=anotherchance再一次机会
四．代词
1.人称代词:
主格：
Iyouhesheweyouthey
meyouhimherusyouthem
句首做主语要用主格，动词和介词后做宾语要用宾格。
SheteachesmeEnglish.
物主代词：
形容词性物主代词：
myyourhisherouryourtheir
名词性物主代词：
mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs
形容词性物主代词后面接名词，名词性物主代词后面不加名词。
反身代词：
I-myself,you-yourself/yourselves,he-himself,she-herself,we-ourselves,they-themselves
2.his,hers,mine:
Hiswatchisnew.Itisn’this.afriendofmine/hers/LiMing’s
Thebookbelongstohim.=Thebookishis.
3.疑问代词:
howsoon---in;howoften---seldom,twiceamonth,everyday,everyfouryears
howlong---（for）amonth/since1998
howfar---tenkilometers（awayfrom）,tenminutes’walk/drive,fiveminutesonfoot
4.whattodo;howtodoit
5.what没范围,which有范围
Myfather’sbirthdayiscoming.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforhim.
Therearemanykindsofcamerashere.Idon’tknowwhichtobuy.
6.all/both/none/neither/any/either的区别:
all表三个或三个以上的全部都，none表三个或三个以上全部都不……
both表两个都，neither表两个都不
either表两者之一，either/each/neither+单数名词，all/both+复数名词
Bothofthetwinsareteachers,butneitherofthemlikesteaching.
AllofthedoctorshavetolearnFrench,butnoneofthemlikesit.
Therearemanytalltreesonthebothsides/eitherside/eachsideoftheroad/river.
other,theother,others,theothers,another:
other+名词复数，some…others,（two）one…theother，another+名词单数
Thisshirtistoosmall,couldyougivemeaanotherone.
Theshoesarenice,Iwanttobuyanotherpair.（复数用pair,单数用one）
7.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinDongguan.
ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofJapan.
ThestudentsinDongguanisbetterthanthose/theonesinBeijing.
8.Wefound/thoughtit（was）interestingtolearnEnglish.
9.肯定：
alittlemoneyafewsheep否定：
littlewaterfewstudents
10.Therearesomepeopleintheroom.Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.
Wouldyoulikesomebread?
10.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（范围内，除去自己本身）
ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.（范围外）
11.somethingspecialnothingseriousanything/whatelse
12.指示代词的形式：
this（单数）---these（复数）,that（单数）---those（复数）
打电话时，常用“that“询问对方是“谁”，用“this”介绍自己
13.enjoyoneself，dressoneself，allbyoneself，lookafteroneself，
learnsthbyoneself=teachoneselfsth，cometooneself（苏醒，恢复知觉），
helponeselfto（请随便吃），saytooneself（自言自语）
五．介词
1.befriendlyto,makefriendswithsb,bestrictwithsb.,befullof,befilledwith
2.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveningatnight
onacoldmorningonahotafternoonontheeveningofJune22onthenightofMay1st
3.Itlooksniceonyou.这东西在你身上很好看。
awomanwithglasses,
4.It’sclever/nice/kind/stupid/wrongofyoutosayso.（人）
It’snecessary/importantforustoremembermorewords.（物）
5.JapanistotheeastofChina.（不接壤）TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.（在范围内）
GuangxiisonthewestofGuangdong.（相邻，接壤）
6.walkacrossthebridge/street=crossthebridge/street;swimacrosstheriver,sailacrossthePacific
gothroughthetrafficlights/forest/jungle/city/park/village/window
gopastthebank=passthebank
7.AllthestudentswenttotheparkexceptJohn,becausehewasill.（不包含在内）
Ineed2morestudentsbesidesJohntodothework.（包含在内）
8.intwoweeks（跟将来时连用，Howsoon提问）aftertwoweeks=twoweekslater（跟过去式连用
9.bycar=inone’scar/taxibybus/bike=onthebus/bike
六．形容词和副词
比较级标志词：
than,much,far/still/even/alot/alittle）
最高级标志词：
of/amongall…，inourschool,themost+原级，the+最高级（副词可不要the）
1.Anelephantis（very,quite,so,too）big（原级）.
2.Afriendofmineisasheavy（原级）asme.Heisnotso/astall（原级）asher.
3.much+比较级,more+原级:
Heismuchfatterthather.Heismuchmoreconfidentthanher.
4.一些特殊的句型：
1）Jimisthetallerofthetwo（boys）.
2）Ourschoolismuch（far/still/even/alot/alittle）（比较级）morebeautifulthanyours.
3）Theearlier,thebetter.
4）Whensummercomes,theweathergetshotterandhotter.
5）Ifyoudosportseveryday,youwillbecomehealthierandhealthier.
6）TodayEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.
7）Heis2kilosheavierthanIam.
8）Parisisoneoftheliveliestcitiesintheworld.
10）.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.（序数词+最高级）
11）Tomisthetallerofthetwo（boys）.=Tomistallerthantheotherboy
12）Marryismoreoutgoingthananyothergirlinherclass.=Marryisthemostoutginggirlinherclass.
5.Heiscareful（形容词）enough.Hedoeseverythingcarefully（副词）.
6.the+形容词：
表示一类人，谓语复数
thepoor,theold,therich,thedead,theyoung:
Theyoungarealwaysenergetic.
7.Wearesurprisedtohearthesurprisingnews.
8.易误认为副词的形容词：
lovely,friendly,lively
七．情态动词:
1.情态动词（must,should,can）+动词原形Heshouldstopsmoking.
2.表猜测：
一定must可能may不可能can’t
3.特殊回答：
—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?
—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.
---MayIsmokehere?
---Yes,youcan/may./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.
—Iamnotsure.Itmay/might/couldbelongtoher.
must:
交通规矩，规章制度；表肯定猜测“一定”，
mustn’t不表推测，意思是“禁止，不能”
can’t:
表猜测“不可能”：
Theladyovertherecan’tbeourteacher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.
4.need的用法：
做情态动词：
needn’tdosth
做实义动词：
needtodosth.
Do/Does/Didsb.Needtodosth?
don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneedtodosth.
八．连词：
1.although/though不能与but连用（转折关系）
2.because不能与so连用（因果关系）
3.Getupatonce,oryouwillbelateforclass.（or否则）
4.主将从现:
（若主句用一般将来时时，从句则用一般现在时来表将来）。
主句（将来）+if/unless/assoonas/until/when/before/after+句子（现在）
Wewillgoonapicnicifitdoesn’train.=Wewillgoonapicnicunlessitrains.
Iwon’tleaveuntilmymothercomesback.
IwilltellhimassoonasIseehim.
5.so+形容词/副词+that从句such+（a/an）+形容词+名词+that从句
Heissocleverthathecanworkoutthisproblem.
=Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblem.（suchafineday=sofineaday）
6.Ilikedancingwhile然而mysisterlikesdoingsports.（前后形成对比）
9.Youshoulddoas按照theteachertoldyou.
九．被动语态
结构：
am/is/are+done,was/were+done,willbe/isgoingtobe+done,should/must/can+bedone
有时候句子中的bysb.的标志词
1.Someonetoldmeaboutthis.---Iwastoldaboutthis.
2.在主语中带介词的，变被动时介词不能省：
Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.---Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.
3.Someonetookhertothehospitalintime.---Shewastakentothehospitalintime.
4.bemade/heard/seen/watchedtodo（被动还原to）
5.Thiskindofbookssellswellandtheywillbesoldoutsoon.
6.没有被动：
happen,takeplace,comeout，cometrue,belongto,系动词（feel,taste,look,sound,smell，keep,stay,become，seem）
十.现在完成时
1.强调对现在造成的影响（already,ever,never,before,just,yet）
Hehasjustarrived.（Heisherenow.）
2.强调一直在做的动作（howlong,for,since,sofar,inthepast/lastfewyears,overtheyears）
buy–havehadborrow–havekeptdie---havebeendeadopen–havebeenopen
close–havebeenclosedbegin–hasbeenonfinish–havebeenovercome---havebeeninleave–havebeenawayfromjoin-havebeenin/havebeenamemberof
Iborrowedthebooklastweek.---Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.
Hisgrandfatherdiedtwoyears
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