美国文学史期末论文终极版Word文件下载.docx

美国文学史期末论文终极版Word文件下载.docx

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2.2Imagination....................................................................................2

2.3Worshipofnature..........................................................................2

2.4Simplicity........................................................................................3

2.5Culturalnationalism.......................................................................3

2.6Liberty,freedom,democracyandindividualism...............................3

3.Influence..................................................................................................3

Chapter2AmericanRealism（1865--1914）.................................................3

1.Backgroundchanges............................................................................3

1.1Politics...........................................................................................4

1.2Economics.....................................................................................4

1.3Culturalandsocialchanges..........................................................4

2.Basicfeaturesandstyles......................................................................4

2.1Truthfuldescriptionoftheactualitiesofthereallifeandmaterial...............................................................................................4

2.2Focusonordinariness...................................................................4

3.Threedominantfigures..........................................................................4

4.Influence................................................................................................5

Chapter3AmericanNaturalism（1890--1914）...........................................5

1.Backgroundinformation........................................................................5

1.1CulturalandSocialBackground...................................................5

1.2Religionandtheoreticalbasis......................................................5

2.MajorideasandfeaturesofNaturalism................................................5

2.1Determinism.................................................................................5

2.2World:

godless,indifferent,hostile................................................6

2.3Style:

scientificobjectivity.............................................................6

2.4Subjectsandthemes....................................................................6

3.Arepresentativeworkthatshowtheideasandfeaturesabove.....6

3.Influence..............................................................................................6

Chapter4AmericanModernism（1914--1945）........................................6

1.Backgroundinformation....................................................................6

1.1Politics.......................................................................................6

1.2Economy....................................................................................7

1.3Culturalandsocialbackground.................................................7

2.CharacteristicsandfeaturesofModernism......................................7

3.Majorgenresandarepresentativeofeachone...............................7

3.1Modernpoetry——EzraPound.................................................7

3.2Modernfiction——ErnestHemingway......................................7

4.Influence...........................................................................................8

Chapter5AmericanPostmodernism（1914--1945）...............................8

1.Backgroundinformation....................................................................8

1.1Politics......................................................................................8

1.2Economics................................................................................8

1.3Socialandinternationalbackground........................................8

2.Characteristicsandmajorfeatures...................................................8

2.1Experimentalwritingtechniques...............................................8

2.3Irony,playfulnessandblackhumor...........................................9

3.Influence.............................................................................................9

Bibliographies............................................................................................9

摘要

具有自身特点的新文学的出现，是一个国家真正形成的标志。

自从美国在政治上取得独立后，便迎来了文学史的第一个高潮——浪漫主义文学。

好景不长，19世纪中叶的内战使国内环境发生巨大变化，美国文学转向了对社会和人类本质的探讨。

由此便诞生了现实主义和自然主义文学。

紧接着，随着一战爆发，社会国际环境又发生了翻天覆地的变化。

大批的作家开始改造传统的艺术形式，这就是美国的“第二次文艺复兴”——现代主义文学.而二战后的美国后现代主义文学也是美国文学史上不容忽视的一个百花齐放的时期。

而本篇论文对于美国文学史各时期的简述有以下几个重点：

一，紧扣“变化”，分析各文学时期形成背景；

二，总结各时期文学作品的特征及风格，并举例说明；

三，对各时期代表作家的介绍视情况而定；

最后，对各文学时期的影响稍作总结。

关键词:

主义；

背景；

改变；

特征；

影响

Abstract

Theemergenceofaliteraturewithitsowncharacteristicsisthesymboloftherealformationofacountry.AfterAmericaachieveditsindependence,itmarchedintothefirstclimaxofitsliterature---Romanticism.Butnotforlong,theCivilWarinthemiddleofthe19thcenturyarouseradicalchangesindomesticsocialbackground.Americanliteratureturnedtosearchforthenatureofsocietyandhumanbeings.SoRealismandNaturalismcameintobeing.Next,withtheoutbreakofWorldWarI.Socialandinternationalbackgroundwentthroughradicalchangesagain.AgreatnumberofwritersbegantoreformtheconventionalartformsintoModernism,whichisthesecondrenaissance.AndpostmodernismafterWorldWarIIisalsoaveryimportantperiodwithflourishliteraturegenres.

AstoabriefsummaryofAmericanliterature,thispaperhasseveralkeypointsasbelow:

Firstly,layemphasison“thechanges”toanalyzethebackground;

secondly,makeasummaryofthecharacteristicandstyles,givingsomeexamples;

thirdly,theintroductionofrepresentativewriterswilldepends;

atlast,concludetheinfluenceofeachperiod.

KeyWords:

-ism;

background;

change;

feature;

influence

Chapter1

AmericanRomanticism（1810--1865）

TheAmericanRomanticperiodstretchedfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.AndtheliteratureofthisperiodwascrucialtothedevelopmentofAmericanliterarytraditions.Soiwillattachmuchimportancetothispart.

1.Backgroundreasons

1.1Politicallythisperiodwasripe.

Foronething,Americawinneditsindependenceafterthe1812waragainstEngland.Foranother,thenationwitnessedanincredibleexpansionsuchasthewestwardexpansion.Butthiscountrywasalsotornbytheriskofinternaldivision,whichledtoAmericanCivilWarlatterly.

1.2EconomicallyAmericanhadneverbeenwealthier.

TheIndustrialRevolutionmadeAmericabecomeamajorcommercialandindustrialcountry.Atthesametime,the“AmericanDream”wasintheprocessofformulating.

1.3CulturallyAmericanownvalueemerged.

AlthoughinfluencedbytheEnglishandEuropeanliterature,AmericanRomanticismwasalsosearchingforitsownliterature.Andthecomingofmoreandmoreimmigrantsalsocontributedtoitsmulticulture.

2.Basicfeaturesandstyles

Americanromanticwritersofthisperiodrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworks.HerearesomefeaturesofAmericanRomanticismthatwillhelpushaveabetterunderstandingoftheAmericanromanticism.

2.1Expressiveness

Theromanticistsheldtheviewthatthewritersshouldexpresstheiremotions,feelings,ortheirbeliefsintheirworks,whichisagainsttheclassicalwriters.Thisfeatureisconspicuousintheromanticpoetry.SuchasAllanPoe’stwofamouspoemsAnnabelleLeeandToHelen,inthesetwopoems,sheexpressedeitherhisgreatadmirationandregrettoHelenordeephopelessnessandrejectionoftheworld.

2.2Imagination

Romanticismcelebratedthetriumphoffeelingandintuitionoverreason.HerewetakeIrving,whoisthefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfameforexample.OneofhisfamousshortstoryintheSketchBookis“RipVanWinkle”,inthisstory,therewereGothicromancesandmanysupernaturalelementsbeyondourimagination——after20-yearsleep,Ripcouldn’tadaptthedaysaftertherevolution.

2.3Worshipofnature

ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.SuchadesirewasparticularlyevidentinCooper’sLeatherStockingTales,inThoreau'

sWaldenandalsoinMelville’sfamousworkMoby-Dick.AlsotoTranscendentalists,theyviewednatureasasourceofgoodness,instructionandnourishmentforthesoul.

2.4Simplicity

Inromanticworks,writersturnedtothehumblepeopleandtheeverydaylife,adoptedtheeverydaylanguage.Forexample,TheLeather-stockingStoriesofCooperwereallwrittenincommonlanguage,andMrBrowninHawthorne’sYoungGoodmanBrownisalsoanordinaryman.ThefamouspoetAllanPoealsoholdstheviewthat“Poetryforpoetry’ssake”:

thepoetryshouldbeshortandbriefandthevalueo