卡梅伦北大演讲Word格式文档下载.docx

卡梅伦北大演讲Word格式文档下载.docx

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Nolongercanpeopletalkabouttheglobaleconomy

withoutincludingthecountrythathasgrownonaveragetenpercentayearforthreedecades.

Nolongercanwetalkabouttrade…

withoutthecountrythatisnowtheworld’slargestexporterandthirdlargestimporter

Andnolongercanwedebateenergysecurityorclimatechange

withoutthecountrythatisoneoftheworld’sbiggestconsumerofenergy.

Chinaisoncoursetoreclaim,laterthiscentury,itspositionastheworld’sbiggesteconomy

thepositionithasheldfor18ofthelast20centuries.

andanachievementofwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyproud.

Putsimply:

Chinahasre-emergedasagreatglobalpower.

ThreatorOpportunity

Nowpeoplecanreacttothisinoneoftwoways.

TheycanseeChina’sriseasathreat

ortheycanseeitasanopportunity.

TheycanprotecttheirmarketsfromChina

oropentheirmarketstoChina.

TheycantryandshutChinaout

orwelcomeChinain,toanewplaceatthetoptableofglobalaffairs.

TherehasbeenachangeofGovernmentinBritainandachangeofPrimeMinister.

ButonthisvitalpointthereisabsolutecontinuitybetweenmygovernmentandtheGovernmentsofTonyBlairandGordonBrown.

WewantastrongrelationshipwithChina.Strongontrade.Strongoninvestment.Strongondialogue.

ImadethatclearasLeaderoftheOppositionwhenIvisitedBeijingandChongqingthreeyearsago.

AndIrepeatitasPrimeMinisterhereinChina’scapitaltoday.

IntheargumentabouthowtoreacttotheriseofChina.

Isayit’sanopportunity.

Ichooseengagementnotdisengagement.

Dialoguenotstand-off.

Mutualbenefit,notzero-sumgame.

Partnershipnotprotectionism.

Britainisthecountrythatarguesmostpassionatelyforglobalisationandfreetrade.

FreetradeisinourDNA.

AndwewanttradewithChina.Asmuchofitaswecanget.

That’swhyIhavewithmeonthisvisitoneofthebiggestandmosthigh-powereddelegationsaBritishPrimeMinisterhaseverledtoChina.

JustthinkaboutsomeoftheprizesthattheriseofChinacouldhelptobringwithinourgrasp.

Strong,andsustainablegrowthfortheglobaleconomy.

VitalprogressontheDohatraderoundwhichcouldadd$170billiontotheglobaleconomy.

Arealchancetogetbackontracktowardsalegallybindingdealonemissions

Unprecedentedprogressintacklingpoverty.

Chinahaslifted500millionpeopleoutofpovertyinjustthirtyyears.

Althoughthereisstillalongwaytogo–that’smorepeopleliftedoutofpovertythanatanytimeinhumanhistory.

Youcanseetheresultsrightacrossthisenormouscountry.

WhenIworkedinHongKongbrieflyin1985,Shenzhenwasbarelymorethanasmalltown,surroundedbypaddyfieldsandwaterways.

TodayitisacitylargerthanLondon.Itmakesmostoftheworld’siPodsandoneintenofitsmobilephones.

Andthereareotherbenefitstoointacklingtheworld’smostintractableproblems.

Iwelcomethefact,forexample,thatmorethan900ChinesedoctorsnowworkinAfricancountriesandthatinUgandaitisaChinesepharmaceuticalfirmthatisintroducinganewanti-malarialdrug.

SoIwanttomakethepositivecase

fortheworldtoseeChina’sriseasanopportunitynotathreat.

ButChinaneedstohelpustomakethatargument

todemonstratethatasyoureconomygrows,sodooursharedinterests,andoursharedresponsibilities.

WeshareaninterestinChina’sintegrationintotheworldeconomy,whichisessentialforChina’sdevelopment.

IfwearetomaintainEurope’sopennesstoChina,wemustbeabletoshowthatChinaisopentoEurope.

Soweshareaninterestinaninternationalsystemgovernedbyrulesandnorms.

Weshareaninterestineffectivecooperativegovernance,includingfortheworldeconomy.

Weshareaninterestinfightingprotectionism

andinaco-ordinatedrebalancingbetweensurplusanddeficitcountries.

Theseinterests,thoseresponsibilitiesarebotheconomicandpolitical.

Letmetakeeachinturn.

EconomicResponsibilities

First,economicresponsibilities.

Let’sgetstraighttothepoint.

Theworldeconomyhasbeguntogrowagainafterthecrisis.

Butthatgrowthisveryuneven.

LedbyChina,Asiaandotheremergingmarketsaregrowingquickly.

Butinmuchoftheadvancedworldgrowthisslowandfragileandunemploymentstubbornlyhigh.

Weshouldnotbesurprisedatthis.

Thecrisishasdamagedmanyadvancedeconomiesandweakenedtheirfinancialsectors.

Theyfacemajorstructuralandfiscaladjustmentstorebalancetheireconomies.

Thisistrueofmyowncountry.

Weknowwhatstepsweneedtotaketorestorethepublicfinancesandrebalanceoureconomytowardsgreatersavingandinvestmentandgreaterexports.

Andwehavebeguntotakethem.

Butfortheworldeconomytobeabletogrowstronglyagain–andtogrowwithoutcreatingthedangerouseconomicandfinancialinstabilitiesthatledtothecrisis,weneedmorethanjustadjustmentintheadvancedworld.

Thetruthisthatsomecountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluseshavebeensavingtoomuch

whileotherslikeminewithdeficitshavebeensavingtoolittle.

Andtheresulthasbeenadangeroustidalwaveofmoneygoingfromonesideoftheglobetotheother.

Weneedamorebalancedpatternofglobaldemandandsupply,amorebalancedpatternofglobalsavingandinvestment.

Nowsometimeswhenyouhearpeopletalkabouteconomicimbalances,itcanseemasthoughcountriesthataresuccessfulatexportingarebeingblamedfortheirsuccess.

That’sabsolutelynotthecase.

Weallshareaninterestandaresponsibilitytoco-operatetosecurestrongandbalancedglobalgrowth.

ThereisnogreaterillustrationofthisthanwhathappenedtoChinaasthewesternbankingsystemcollapsed.

Chineseexportsfell12percent

growthdroppedtoitslowestpointinmorethanadecade

andsome20millionjobswerelostintheChineseexportsector.

Changesinthestructureofoureconomieswilltaketime.

Whatisimportantisthatthemajoreconomiesoftheworldhaveasharedvisionofthepathofthischange:

whatactionscountriesshouldavoid;

whatactionscountriesneedtotakeand,crucially,overwhatperioditshouldhappen.

ThisiswhytheG20–andthemeetinginSeoul–issoimportant.

Togetherwecanagreeacommonapproach.

Wecancommittothenecessaryactions.

Wecanagreethatwewillholdeachothertoaccount.

AndjustasChinaplayedaleadingroleattheG20inhelpingtoavertaglobaldepression

soitcanleadnow.

IknowfrommydiscussionswithPremierWenhowcommittedChinaistoactionstorebalanceitseconomy.

Chinaisalreadytalkingaboutmovingtowardsincreaseddomesticconsumption

betterhealthcareandwelfare

moreconsumergoodsasitsmiddleclassgrows

andintimeintroducinggreatermarketflexibilityintoitsexchangerate.

Thiscannotbecompletedovernight

butitmusthappen.

Let’sbeclearabouttherisksifitdoesnot

aboutwhatisatstakeforChinaandfortheUK–countriesthatdependonanopenglobaleconomy.

Attheworstpointofthecrisis,weavertedprotectionism.

Butatatimeofslowgrowthandhighunemploymentinmanycountriesthosepressureswillriseagain

alreadyyoucanseethem.

Countrieswillincreasinglybetemptedtotrytomaximisetheirowngrowthandtheirownemployment,attheexpenseofothers.

Globalisation–theforcethathasbeensopowerfulindrivingdevelopmentandbringinghugenumbersintotheworldeconomycouldgointoreverse.

Ifwefollowthatpathwewillallloseout.

TheWestwouldloseforsure.ButsotoowouldChina.

Forthelasttwodecades,tradehasbeenaverypositivefactorinChina’sre-emergenceontheworldstage.

Ithasdrivenamazinggrowth

andraisedthelivingstandardsofmillions.

TradehashelpedstitchbackChina’snetworkofrelationswithcountriesacrosstheworld.

Weneedtomakesurethatitdoesnotturnintoanegativefactor.

JustastheWestwantsgreateraccesstoChinesemarkets

soChinawantsgreateraccesstoWesternmarkets

anditwantsmarketeconomystatusintheEUtoo.

IhadveryconstructivetalkswithPremierWenonexactlythisissueyesterday.

IwillmakethecaseforChinatogetmarketeconomystatusintheEU

butChinaneedstohelp,byshowingthatitiscommittedtobecomingmoreopen,asitbecomesmoreprosperous.

Andweneedtoworktogethertodomoretoprotectintellectualpropertyrights

becausethiswillgivemorebusinessesconfidencetocomeandinvestinChina.

UKcompaniesareuniquelyplacedtosupportChina’sdemandformorehighvaluegoodsforitsconsumers.

OurPavilionattheWorldExpoinShanghai–whichwontheGoldAwardforthebestPaviliondesign–wasashowcaseforsomanyofBritain’sstrengths

fromadvancedengineeringtoeducation…

fromgreatbrandstogreatpharmaceuticalbusinesses

fromlowcarbontofinancialservicestothecreativeindustries.

Inalltheseareasandmanymore,BritishcompaniesandBritishexportscanhelpChinadelivertheprosperityandprogressitseeks.

WecanbepartofChina’sdevelopmentstrategy,justasChi