直接引语变间接引语口诀详解.doc
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直接引语变间接引语以及if条件句
口诀
人称，时态，状语始终变
一主二宾三不变
时态向后退一格
状语变化见表格
陈述that可省略
一般疑问用if（whether）
特殊疑问去助动
以上语序为陈述
祈使句选动词（tell,ask,order，beg）
将它改为不定式
详解
人称变化
一主Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithmetomorrw."→
Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithherthenextday.
二宾Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”
JacktoldmethatIlookedworriedthatday.
三不变Theteacherasked,”Hasshereadenoughthisweek?
”Theteacheraskedifshehadreadenoughthatweek.
陈述that可省略
Shesaid."Ihaveapen."→Shesaidthatshehadapen.
Sheaskedme,“whatisit?
”→Sheaskedmewhatitwas.
一般疑问用if（whether）
Sheaskedme,“DoyoulikewatchingTV?
”→
SheaskedmewhetherIlikedwwatchingTV.
特殊疑问去助动
Theyasked:
“wheredoyoucomefrom?
”→
Theyaskedwhereyoucamefrom.
附表：
时间状语、地点状语、指示代词和动词的变化：
直接引语
间接引语
时
间
状
语
now
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
thisweek（month,year…）
lastweek（month,year…）
nextweek（month,year…）
threedays（monthsyears…）ago
then
thatday
thatnight
thenextday
thedaybefore
thatweek（month,year…）
theweek（month,year…）before
thenextweek（month,year…）
threedays（monthsyears…）before
地点状语
here
there
指示代词
this
these
that
those
动词
come
bring
go
take
强化训练
Exerciseone
（）1Heoftensays,”Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethat____willtell__about___.
A.I;you;themB.he;me;them;C.he;you;usD.I;me;you
（）2I’mnotsure__________.
Awhatishisname.B）whathisnameis.C）hisnameiswhatD）what’shisname
（）3Iaskedhimhowmuch__________.
AdoeshisnewcarcostB）didhisnewcarcostC）hisnewcarcostedD）hisnewcarcost
（）4）Idon’tknow_________.
AwheredoesheliveB）wheredidheliveC）wherehelivesD）heliveswhere
（）5）Ididn’tknow______________.
AwhatshesaidB）whatdidshesayC）whatshespokeD）whatwasshespeaking
（）6）Idon’tknow__________.
AwhenhewillcomebackB）whenwillhecomeback
C）whendoeshecomebackD）whendidhecomeback
（）7）Couldyoutellmewhere________now?
A）youarelivingB）doyouliveC）youliveD）didyoulive
（）8）Hedidn’tknow_____heshouldgoornot.
A）ifB）weatherC）thatD）whether
Exercisetwo不同句式练习
陈述句
1）Shesays,”Iamateacher.”Shesays
2）Shesaid,”Iamateacher.”Shesaid
一般疑问句
1）“AreyoufromJapan?
”hesaystome.He（）me
2）“AreyoufromJapan?
”hesaidtome.He（）me
特殊疑问句
3）“Whendoesthetrainarrive?
”Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme
4）“Whendoesthetrainarrive?
”Pleasetoldme.Pleasetoldme
祈使句/请求
1）“Don’tmakeanynoise.”MothersaystoTom.Mother（）Tom
2）“openthewindow.”MrLisaidtome.MrLi（）me
3）“Wouldyouliketoshowmeyourbook?
”Katesaystome.Kate（）me
Exercisethree把直接引语变成间接引语（陈述句）一般现在时
1）“WegotoschoolonSaturday.”Theysay
2）“IwanttogiveyoursisteraChristmascard.”Kellysays
3）“IwillvisitmydaughterinMarch.”Hesays
4）Shesays,“I’mgladtomeetyou.”Shetellsus
把直接引语变成间接引语（陈述句）一般过去时
5）“Iamateacher.”Hesaid
6）“Weareatthecoffeeshop.”Theysaid
7）“Idon’thaveanybooksaboutanimals.”RiktoldAnnie
8）“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”Theteachersaid
Exercisefour把直接引语变成间接引语（一般疑问句）一般现在时
1）Ireallydon’tknow.“Didtheygototheparkyesterday?
”Ireallydon’tknow
2）Theprincipalwantstoknow.“Dothestudentsstudyhard?
”Theprincipalwantstoknow
把直接引语变成间接引语（一般疑问句）一般过去时
3）Theywondered.“Shallwebuysomefoodforpicnic?
”Theywondered
4）“Isyourmotheradoctorornot?
”Lucyaskedme.Lucyaskedme
Exercisefive把直接引语变成间接引语（特殊疑问句）一般现在时
1）Jackwantstoknow.“Wheredoesyourcousinlive?
”Jackwantstoknow
2）Doyouknow.“Whosebookisit?
”Doyouknow
直接引语变成间接引语（特殊疑问句）一般过去时
3）“Whatdoyouwant?
”Sallyaskedme.Sallyaskedme
4）“Howmuchsugarshallweputinacake?
”Sheknew.Sheknew
Exercisesix把下列句子改成间接引语方法:
首先区别句子,然后决定引导词/语序/时态/人称
1）Don’tdrinktoomuch.Thedoctorsaidtome.
2）WegotoschoolonSaturday.Theysaid.
3）HowcanIgettothepark?
Canyoutellme.
4）Isyourmotheraworker?
Sheaskedme.
5）DoesMarystudyhard?
Hewantstoknow.
6）Pleaseopenthewindow.TheteachersaidtoTom.
7）Icegetsintowaterwhenit’soverzero.Ilearned.
8）Whattimedidhegetup?
Pleasetellus.
9）Doyougotoschoolonfoot?
IsaidtoMike.
10）Willyougoshoppingwithme?
MissLiaskedme.
11.Theteachersaidtohisclass,"Don'twasteyourtime!
"
12.Shesaidtoherson,"Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!
"
13.Hisfathersaidtohim,"Think,beforeyoudoit!
"
14.Theteachersaidtohisstudents,"Tellbrieflyinyourownwordshowpenicillinwasdiscovered."
15.Theleadersaidtohim,"Pleasewriteyourreportasshortaspossible."
16.Hesaidtome,"Letmehavealookatthebookyoubought."
17.Hesaid,"Iamproudofmymotherland."
18.Johnsaid,"Iwrotebacktellinghimaboutityesterday."
19.Isaid,"Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow."
20."Youarewastingyourtimeday-dreaming!
"hesaidtoMary.
21."Youhavealreadydoneyourduty,"hesaidtoher.
22.Marywroteinherletter,"Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica?
"
23."Don'triskyourlives,men!
"thecaptainwarned.
24."I'llbeverybusytoday,"saidtheman.
25.Shesaid,"Wehaveworkedontheschoolfarmfortwoweeks."
26.Hesaid,"I'mreviewingmylessons."
27.Theysaid,"Wearrivedthismorning."
28.Shesaidtome,"Havelunchwithus."
11Theteachertoldhisclassnottowastetheirtime.
12Shetoldhersonnottoforgettoturnoffthelightwhenheleavestheroom
13Hisfathertoldhimtothinkbeforehedoesit.
14Theteachertoldhishisstudentstotellbrieflyintheirownwordshowpenicillinhadbeendiscoverd.
15Theleadertoldhimtowritehisreportasshortaspossible.
16HetoldmetolethimhavealookatthebookIhadbought.
17Hesaidthathewasproudofhismotherland
18Johnsaidthathehadwrittenbacktellinghimaboutitthedaybefore.
19IsaidthatIwouldgivehersomeadvicethenextday.
20HetoldMarythatshewaswastinghertimeday-dreaming
21Hetoldherthatshehadalreadydoneherduty
22MarywroteinherletterthatwhenMr.LiuwouldcometoAmerica
23Thecaptainwarnednottoriskyourlives.
24Themansaidthathewouldbeverybusytheday
25Shesaidthattheyhadworkedontheschoolfarmfortwoweeks
26Hesaidthathewasreviewinghislessons
27Theysaidthattheyhadarrivedthatmorning
28Shetoldmetohavelunchwiththem
1直接引语是陈述句时，若变成间接引语，结构上是将原先的单独一个句子变成一个宾语从句。
【例如】Hesaid，“IcanspeakEnglish．”这句话变成间接引语则是：
HesaidthathecouldspeakEnglish．原先的单独一句IcanspeakEnglish变成了thathecouldspeakEnglish作said的宾语了
2祈使句去掉主语，动词用原型【例如】
Youcan'tstayinthisroom.
Don'tstayinthisroom
3以疑问词who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how等引导的问句都叫特殊疑问句【例如】sheisplayingfootball改为whatdoesshedo？
这个范围很广的，改为一般疑问句则是一般把she和is颠倒位置，Ican之类的也改canI【例如】Issheplayingfootball
总之，这些句式变化很多，很难在一下子学会，需要自己悟出道理啊
回答者：
crazycenter|三级|2009-7-723:
49
这个我无法用语言表述，你举点例子或者我可以帮你。
其实我觉得你这样记本来就不是办法，你应该结合语感，然后稍微记住规律就好。
毕竟语言最重要的是表述，而不仅仅是那框条的语法。
回答者：
点都见空|三级|2009-7-723:
51
拉丁语语法名词，又叫间接引述，英文为indirectstatement。
指用在表述意见的动词[perception]之后的一种从句，这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来，而是通过第三人转述的。
实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。
如：
他们说：
“皇帝死后将成为神。
”[直接引语]Dixere:
"Augustuspostmortemdeumfactuserit."
他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。
[间接引语]DixereAugustumpostmortemdeumfaciendumesse.
间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。
如：
Consulessentiuntservosnonesseliberandos.执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。
主句动词是认为：
sentiunt，时态是现在时。
间接引语中的动词是不定式liberandosesse，是将来时，因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。
liberandos的性（阳性）、数（复数）与间接引语的主语servos保持一致。
Famaeratpatremmeuminterfectumesse;fratremautemetiamvivere.曾有消息说，我的父亲遭杀害；而我的一个兄弟仍活着。
这里有两句间接引语。
前面一句的动词是interfectumesse，是不定式的完成时，表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在famaerat[消息到来]之前的；后一句的动词是vivere，是不定式的现在时，表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。
[思路分析]
如下
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