中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料(1).doc

中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料(1).doc

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I.LifeScience生命科学

TheFiveSenses

视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉，即五官感觉。

我们通过它们感知外界物体，获取与机体生存紧密相关的重要信息，从而对所处环境作出分析判断。

五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。

Sportinjuries

肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分，我们要小心保护，防止肌肉受伤。

·Warm-up

Doyouknowanykindofsportinjuries?

Haveyousufferedfromanyofthem?

·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread

Whataresprainsandfractures?

ContentVocabulary

1.sprainn.apainfulinjurytoajointcausedbyasuddenwrenchingofitsligaments扭伤

2.breakn.theplacewhereaboneinyourbodyhasbroken破裂

3.ligamentn.abandofstrongmaterialinyourbody+similartomuscle,thatjoinsbonesorholdsanorganinitsplace韧带

4.fracturen.acrackorbrokenpartinaboneorotherhardsubstance断裂

5.swellv.tobecomelargerandrounderthannormal肿胀

Sprainsoccurwhenamuscleispulledtoofar.Theresultcanbeabreakoratearofaligament.Sprainscansometimeshappenastheresultofaninjury,suchasafall.

Sprainscanalsohappenwhenyoudonotwarmupyourmusclesbeforeyouexercise.

Abrokenboneoftenoccursastheresultofanaccident.Abrokenboneiscalledafracture.Howcanyoutellifaboneisbroken?

Thepainintheareaisverystrong.Youcannotmovethepartthatisbroken.Thepartthatisbrokenbeginstoswellorgrowbigger.

Inmostcases,youshouldnotmovebecauseabonemaybebrokenGetsomeone'shelptocallanambulanceimmediately.

Youwillbetakentoahospitalnearbytocheckwhetherornotyouhaveabrokenbone.Tocheckthis,youwillnormallygetanX-ray.AnX-rayisablackandwhitepictureofthebonestakenwithaspecialmachine.Itletsadoctorseeifaboneisbroken.（178words）

·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread

1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensprainsandfractures?

2.Howcanadoctortellwhetherthere'sabrokenboneornot?

3.Whatshouldyoudoifasprainoccurs?

4.Whichonedoyouthinkismoreserious,asprainorabrokenbone?

Measuringspeed

优异的骨骼结构和强健的肌肉使人和动物在运动时拥有较高的速度，下面的文章会告诉你什么动物运动速度最快。

·Warm-up

Doyounoticethatsomeanimalsmovefasterthanothers?

Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhytheycanmovefaster?

·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread

Howdoyoudefinetheword"fast"?

ContentVocabulary

1.distancen.theamountofspacebetweentwoplacesorthings距离

2.motorn.thebasicunitformeasuringlength米

3.kilometern.aunitformeasuringdistance,equalto1,000meters公里

4.athleten.someonewhocompetesinsportscompetitions,especiallyrunning,

jumping,andthrowing运动员

5.comparev.toexamineandnotethesimilaritiesordifferencesof比较

Themovementsofourbodieshelpustogofromoneplacetoanother.Forexample,whenyougotoschool,youcanwalk,run,rideabike,orrideinacarorabus.Youmustcoveracertaindistance.Distanceistheamountofspacebetweentwoplaces.

Didyouknowthatthedistancefromoneplacetoanothercanbemeasuredinmeters?

Butifyouneedtomeasuredistancesthatarelongerthan1,000meters,thenitisusualtomeasuretheminkilometers.

Sometimeswemeasurethetimeittakestotravelacertaindistance.Thisiscalledspeed.Speedismeasuredinhours,minutes,andseconds.

Whenanathletecoversadistanceof100metersintenseconds,weknowthattheathletecanrunveryfast.Ittakesanaveragepersonaroundtwentysecondstorun100meters.Theathleterunsthedistancemuchfasterthantheaverageperson.Howfastcanyourun100meters?

Whicharethefastestanimals?

Animalsmoveatdifferentspeeds.Someanimalsmovefasterthanothers.Compareshowfastorslowdifferentanimalsmove.

Whichathletesarethefastest?

Athletesspendmanyhoursintrainingandpracticeindifferentsports.Coachesteachathleteshowtoimprovetheirspeedandstrength.Asaresult,athletesdevelopstrongbodiesandmuscles.

Someathletesmoveveryfast.Theytakepartinracestoseewhoisthefastestatcertainsports.TheOlympicGamesisthelargestsportscompetitionintheworld.（254words）

·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread

1.Howcanwecalculateamovingobject'sspeed?

2.Whatunitsofmeasurementdopeopleusetomeasuredistance?

3.Whatunitsofmeasurementdopeopleusetomeasurespeed?

4.Whydoathleteshavetospendmanyhoursintrainingandpracticeindifferentsports?

5.Pleasenameatleast3Olympicssportswhereathletestakepartintocompeteforspeed.

Thelocomotivesystem

人体有着复杂的组织结构，正因为这样，我们能够行走、奔跑、跳跃。

下面让我们一起来探索其中的奥妙吧！

·Warm-up

Howmuchdoyouknowaboutyourbody?

Doyouknowwhat'shappeninginyourbodywhenyou'rewalking,jumpingandrunning?

·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread

Whatexactlyisthelocomotivesystem?

ContentVocabulary

1.locomotivesystemasystemrelatedtomovement运动系统

2.voluntaryadj.voluntarymovementsofyourbodyarecontrolledbyyourconsciousmind

自发的

3.involuntaryadjaninvoluntarymovement,sound,reactionetcisonethatyoumakesuddenlyandwithoutintendingtobecauseyoucannotcontrolyourself无意识的

4.digestivesystemasystemconnectedwiththeprocessofdigestion消化系统

5.fibern.thethinpiecesoffleshthatformthenervesormusclesinyourbody纤维

6.jointn.apartofyourbodythatcanbendbecausetwobonesmeetthere关节

Wehavelearnedhowreceptorsonoursenseorganssendmessagestothebrain,whichthenrespondstothesignals.Theresponsefromthebraincanbeamovementofthebody.

Mostofthemovementsofourbodiesoccurbecausewewantthemtohappen.Thesearecalledvoluntarymovements.Ifwewanttokickaball,wehavetothinkaboutdoingit.Ourbrainreceivesthemessage,andimmediatelyourfootkickstheball.

Othermovementsarecalledinvoluntary3movements.Certainmusclesinourbodiesworkwithoutushavingtothinkaboutthem.Forexample,themusclesthatmovefoodthroughourdigestivesystem4areinvoluntary.Theyworkevenwhilewearesleeping.

Bonesandmuscles

Bonesmakeuptheskeletonandsupportthebody.Butbonesdonotmoveontheirown.Theyneedmusclestomove.Musclesmoveeverypartofthebody,suchasthehead,fingers,legs,andtoes,andevenoureyesandtongue.

Musclesaremadeoutofmanystretchy,elasticcellsandfibers.Musclesfunctionlikerubberbandsthatstretchandrelaxinthebody.

Musclesworkinpairs.Onemusclepullstheboneforward,andanothermusclepullstheboneback.Whenonemuscleisworking（contracting）,theothermuscleisrelaxing.Yourmusclepairsworktogethertomove.

Theplacewhereonebonejoinsanotheriscalledajoint6.Jointsallowmovementandgivetheskeletonitsabilitytobend,twist,andturn.

Tissuescalledligamentsholdbonestogetheratjoints.Bones,muscles,andligamentsmakeupthelocomotivesystem.Thissystemgivesthebodyitsformandallowsittomove.（274words）

·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread

l.What'sthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarymovements?

2.Pleasegive3moreexamplesofinvoluntarymovements.

3.Howdothemuscleshelpyoutomove?

4.What'sajoint?

Pleasegiveanexample.

5.Therearemanyathleteswhosufferfromligamentinjuriesandcannottakepartincompetitionsanymore.Whatwillhappenifthereisabrokenligament?

Theearandthehearing

听觉是仅次于视觉的重要感官通道，它在人的生活中起着重要作用。

·Warm-up

Wehearalotofsoundseveryday.Haveyoueverwonderedhowwecanhearsounds?

What'sthenatureofsounds?

·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread

Howdovibrationshelptocarrysounds?

ContentVocabulary

1.vibrationn.acontinuousslightshakingmovement振动

2.mediumn.asubstancethroughwhichaforcetravels介质

3.eardrumn.atightthinpieceofskinovertheinsideofyourearwhichallowsyoutohear

sound耳膜

4.ossiclen.asmallbone,especiallyoneofthoseinthemiddleear

5.cochlean.apartoftheinnerear耳蜗

Wehearmanydifferentsoundsinoureverydaylife.Wehearthewindblowingthroughthetrees,rainhittingourroofs,peopletalking,babiescrying,carsmoving,andbirdssinging,amongmanyothersounds.

Whatmakessound?

Amovementisneededtoproduceasound.Thismovementiscalledavibration.

Whenaguitarstringispulled,thestringbeginstovibrate.Thismeansitmovesquicklybackandforth.Thisvibrationcreatestheguitarsoundthatwehear.Thevibrationpassesthroughtheairuntilitreachesthereceptorsinourears.

Thevibratingobjectisthesourcethatemitssound.Airisoneexampleofamediumthroughwhichsoundcantravel.

Soundcantravelthroughdifferentmedia.Itcantravelthroughasolid,aliquid,andagas.Soundtravelsmorequicklythroughsolidsandliquidsthangas.

Howdowehear?

Wehearsoundsthroughourears,whichareoursoundreceptors.Ourearsaredividedintothreeparts:

theouterear,themiddleear,andtheinnerear.

Soundsthattravelthroughtheairenterourouterear.Theouterearcatchesthesoundandmovesittotheeardrum3.Theeardrumisaverythinmembranethatcoversthemiddlepartoftheear.Whensoundhitstheeardrum,itbeginstovibrate.Thevibrationsreachthreetinybonescalledossicles4,whichthenbegintovibrate.Fromthesebones,thesoundreachesthecochlea,whichisfilledwithliquid.Theliquidbeginstovibrateintheinnerear.Itisthisliquidthatcarriessoundtoaspecialnervethattransportsmessagestothebrain.Yourbrainthenhelpsyouunderstandthesoundyouhear.

Soundsareusefulinhelpingusbecomeawareofthingsaroundus.Forexample,aschoolbelltellsusthatschoolisstarting.Afirealarmwarnsusofafire.（312words）

·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread

1.Pleasegive3mor