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从目的论角度探索商贸英语的翻译
学科专业：
外国语言学及应用语言学
作者姓名：
祝荣玲
指导教师：
左飚 教授
完成日期：
二零零九年六月
论文独创性声明
本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。
作者签名：
祝荣玲日期：
2009年7月5日
论文使用授权声明
本人同意上海海运学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：
学校有权保留送交论文复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；
学校可以上网公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或者其它复制手段保存论文。
保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。
祝荣玲导师签名：
日期2009年7月5日
OnTranslationofBusinessEnglishfrom
thePerspectiveofSkoposTheory
By
ZhuRongling
UndertheSupervisionof
ProfessorZuoBiao
AThesisSubmittedtotheCollegeofForeignLanguagesof
ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity
inPartialFulfillmentof
theRequirementsfortheMADegree
ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity
June,2009
Acknowledgements
Firstofall,Iamdeeplyindebtedtomysupervisor,ProfessorZuoBiao,notonlyfortheinvaluabletimeandenergyhespent,butalsoforhiscriticism,encouragingcomments.Withouthisselflessandpatienthelp,thisdissertationwouldnothavebeenpossible.
SincerethanksalsogotoProf.HanZhonghua,Prof.WangJuquan,Prof.WangDawei,Prof.ZhengLixin,Prof.MaoJuncun,Prof.YuanYongfangandotherteachersofourdepartment,whohaveprovidedmewithexcellentteachingoverthepasttwoyears.
Finally,Iwillextendmygratitudetomyfamilyandallmydearfriendsfortheirselflesssupportandencouragementtomethroughouttheyearsofmypostgraduatestudy.
摘要
随着世界经济的快速发展，商贸文献翻译在国际商贸领域以及现代社会发挥着至关重要的作用。
关于如何把适当的翻译理论应用于商贸文献翻译，学界已有大量的研究。
本文旨在从一个新的角度来探讨这一话题,并进一步介绍与阐述一个新兴的功能翻译理论——目的论,。
本论文对于目的论的几大要点进行总体的概括，即：
该理论的发展背景，基本原则，基本概念，以及相关规则。
除此之外，还对目的论用于指导商贸英语翻译的可行性进行了探索与研究，希望以此能够真正地有助于提高商贸英语翻译的质量。
该论文共由六章构成。
第一章介绍该研究的背景与目的，并对中西方的一些传统翻译理论进行了简要介绍。
第二章对商贸英语进行概述，并从词汇，句法以及文体等方面分析商贸英语所具有的特点。
第三章对目的论要点以及商贸英语含义进行比较详实的阐述。
第四章以大量实例探讨目的论在商贸英语文献翻译中的实际运用，证实目的论用于指导商贸英语翻译的可行性。
第五章进一步阐述从目的论这一新角度探索商贸文献翻译所得到的启示。
第六章讨论该研究的意义以及局限性。
本论文对于具有一定历史意义的新理论运用于商贸文献翻译作了初步探讨，以期为翻译者找到更好的翻译方法，以提高商贸英语的翻译质量。
在本论文中，该论文只是提供了一些粗浅的评述，意在抛砖引玉，以此为基础，引出关于此话题更有价值的观点。
关键词:
目的论；
商贸英语翻译；
可行性
Abstract
Withthequickeningofglobalizedeconomy,businesstranslationhasplayedanimportantroleintheinternationalbusinesssphereandinthemodernsocietyasawhole,andtherehasbeenmuchstudyofhowtoapplyappropriatetranslationaltheoriestothetranslationofbusinessdocuments.ThispaperintendstodiscussthistopicfromanewperspectivebyintroducingandexpoundingonSkopostheory,anewly-emergingfunctionalisttheoryoftranslation.
ThepapermakesageneralaccountoftheessentialsofSkopostheory,namely,itshistoryofdevelopment,itsbasicprinciplesandconcepts,anditsrules,andthenexploresthefeasibilityofapplyingSkopostheorytothetranslationofbusinessdocumentswiththehopeofpracticallyhelpingtoimprovebusinesstranslation.
Thepaperiscomposedofsixchapters.Chapter1dealswiththebackgroundandtheaimoftheresearch,andmakesabriefintroductiontosometraditionaltheoriesoftranslationbothwesternandChinese.Chapter2displaysanoverviewofbusinesslanguage,analyzingitscharacteristicsatthelexical,syntacticandstylisticlevels.Chapter3expoundsontheessentialsofSkopostheoryanditsimplicationonbusinesstranslation.Chapter4focusesonthepracticalapplicationofSkopostheorytothetranslationofbusinessdocuments,viewingbusinesstranslationasintentionalinteraction,interpersonalinteraction,communicativeinteractionandinter-culturalinteraction.Chapter5presentssomeenlightenmentfromthestudyofSkopostheoryandChapter6discussesboththesignificanceandlimitationsofthestudies.
Thispapermakesatentativeexplorationofapplyinganewtheorytobusinesstranslationwithaviewtofindingbetterwaysfortranslatorstoimprovethequalityofbusinesstranslation.WithSkopostheorybeingnotyetmature,thepaperoffersabasisforfurtherdiscussionwithsomepreliminaryviewsinordertoelicitmorevaluableopinionsonthetopic.
Keywords:
Skopostheory;
Businesstranslation;
Feasibility
Contents
Chapter1AnIntroductiontoTranslationinGeneralandSkoposTheory
1.1ResearchBackgroundoftheThesis
WithChina’sentryintoWTOandrapidglobalizationofworldeconomy,businesstranslationhasplayedamoreandmoreimportantroleincross-culturalcommunication.Thetranslatoractsasabridgewhichmakesitimpossibleforpeopleofdifferentlanguagesandculturestocommunicatewitheachother.Inthebusinessflowbetweencountries,businessEnglish,asoneofthemeanstopromotecommerceandcommunicationhasundoubtedlybecomeamustintheinternationalsociety.
BusinessEnglishinvolvescommercialactivitiesforsatisfyingtheobjectivesofindividualsandorganizations.Itisusednotonlyininternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalsointhegrowingserviceindustry,whichcoverstransportation,tourism,banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,insurance,education,masscommunicationandotherrelatedfields.Itisreportedthatnearly90%ofthosewhouseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageorsecondlanguagehavecertaincontactwithbusinessEnglish.
AstheneedofbusinessEnglishisgrowing,businesstranslationhasshownitscorrespondingimportanceaswell.Manyexpertsonlanguageandtranslationareexploringpropertheoriesandmethodsfortranslatingbusinessdocuments,andmostofthemhaveagreedonSkopostheory,whichisconsideredtobeanappropriatetheoryforsolvingtheproblemsofbusinesstranslation.Skopostheoryistarget-oriented,whichcohereswiththeaimofbusinesswhichcentersonattractingthecustomersandadvertisingtheirproductsinordertomakepeoplepurchasetheirproducts.Tosomedegree,Skopostheoryismorepracticalnotonlyforindividualtranslatorsbutalsofororganizationsindoingbusinesstranslation.
ThispaperfocusesonananalysisofbusinesstranslationfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory,aimingatexploringappropriateapproachestothisspecializedarea.Followingthetheoreticalanalysis,therearecasestudiesforfurtherillustrationofthefeasibilityofthistheory.
1.2Theessenceoftranslationasviewedbywesterntheorists
Translationcanberoughlydefinedasareproductionorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatissaidorwritteninanother.Itisaverycomplicatedhumanactivityanditsessenceisnevereasytoclarify.Scholarswithdifferentacademicbackgroundshaveattemptedtoexploreitfromdifferentperspectives.Thefollowingarethemajorschoolsofthoughtontheessenceoftranslation.
1.2.1Thelinguisticschool
Thelinguisticschoolconsiderstranslationasalinguisticactivityanddescribestheessenceoftranslationfromtheviewpointofthelinguisticdifferencebetweenthesourcetextandthetargettext.Therepresentativestatementsarequotedbelow.
Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics,andwithinlinguistics,itismainlyanaspectofsemantics;
allquestionsofsemanticsrelatetotranslationtheory（Newmark,1988:
5）.
Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstlyintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle（Nida&
Taber,1969:
12）.
Translationmaybedefinedasthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage（thesourcelanguage）byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage（thetargetlanguage）（Catford,1965:
20）.
Insemantictranslation,thetranslatorattempts,withinthebaresyntacticandsemanticconstraintsoftheTL,toreproducetheprecisecontextualmeaningoftheauthor,i.e.,toreproducetheoriginalformascloselyastheTLnormswillallow（Newmark,1982:
22）.
Insemantictranslation,greaterattentionispaidtorendertheauthor’soriginalthought-processesinthetargetlanguagethantoattempttore-interpretthesourcetextinawaywhichthetranslatorconsidersmoreappropriateforthetargetsetting（Shuttleworth&
Cowie,1997:
151）.
1.2.2Theculturalschool
Theculturalschoolemphasizestherenderingofculturalmessagesandregardstranslationasanactofinterculturalcommunication.Themostinfluentialstatementsarepresentedbelow.
Thetranslationprocesscannolongerbeenvisagedasbeingbetweentwolanguagesbutbetweentwoculturesinvolving“cross-culturaltransfer”（Snell-Hornby,1992）.
Translationmusttakeplacewithinaframeworkofculture（Bassnett,1991）.
Themediatingroleoftranslationismorethansynchronictransferofmeaningacrosscultures;
itmediatesdiachronicallyaswellinmultiplehistoricaltraditions（Gentzler,1993）.
Translationtheoristsarebeginningtoseethetranslatorasamediatorbetweencultures.Atthesametime,theprocessoftranslationisnowbeingunderstoodasanexercise,notonlyinunderstandingtext,butinunderstandingculturalframes（Katan,2004）.
Culturaltranslationreferstoanytranslationwhichissensitivetocultureaswellaslinguisticfactors.SuchsensitivitymighttaketheformeitherofpresentingTLrecipientswithatransparenttextwhichinformsthemaboutelementsofthesourceculture,oroffindingtargetitemswhichmayinsomewaybeconsideredtobeculturally‘equivalent’totheSLitemstheyaretranslating（Koller,2003）.
1.2.3Thefunctionalschool
Thefunctionalschoolconsiderstranslationasaspecificformofhumanactionwithacertainpurpose,akindoflinguisticserviceprovidedtothesociety.Thetranslatorshouldtakeintoaccounttheneedsofthereaderandthepurposeoftranslation.
Itisnotthesourcetext,oritseffectsonthesource-textrecipient,orthefunctionassignedtoitbytheauthor,thatdeterminesthetranslationpro
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