高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

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高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.

   Shewasundermycareforthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining,yetIknewverylittleabouther,exceptthatshewasthin,perhapsinhermid70s.Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.Mrs.JoneswasthedeadbodythatIdissected（解剖）overthefirsttwoyearsofmymedicaltraining.

   Ofcourse,hernamewasn'treallyMrs.Jones,butitseemedalittleimpolitetobeconductingresearchintosomeone'sbodywithoutevenknowingitsname,sooutofcourtesy,Ithoughtsheshouldhaveone.“MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,”wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.

   Asthemonthspassed,IsoonforgotthatMrs.Joneshad,infact,oncebeenalive.Oneday,though,shesuddenlybecameveryhumanagain.I'dbeendissectingMrs.Jonesagood18monthsbeforeIgotaroundtotheuterus（子宫）.AfterI'dremovedit,theprofessorcameuptome,“Ifyoulookattheopeningcarefully,you'llseethattheangleindicatesthatthiswomanhashadseveralchildren,probablythree.”Istaredatit,andIsuddenlyfeltverystrange.Thiswoman,whohadgivenmesomethingincrediblypreciousthatI'dbeguntotakeforgranted,wasn'tadeadbody.Shewasaperson,amother,infact.

   Atmygraduation,thesameprofessorcameovertocongratulateme.IexplainedthestoryaboutMrs.Jonestohim,andrecalledwhathe'dtoldmeaboutherhavingchildrenandhowthathadaffectedmeallthoseyearsago.

   “Well,”hesaid,“atthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,”andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.

（1）Whydidn'ttheauthorknowmuchaboutMrs.Jones?

A. Becausehewasirresponsibleforhispatients.

B. Becausehewasn'tallowedtoaskforherprivacy.

C. Becausehedidn'tknowheruntilshepassedaway.

D. Becausehewastoocarelesswhiledissectingher.

（2）HowdidMrs.Jonesgethername?

A. Itwaspasseddownfromtheseniorsofmyschool.

B. Itcamefromasongbeingplayedwhenwefirstmet.

C. Shewasnamedafterawell-knownsingerIlikedbest

D. ItjustoccurredtomewhenIopenedthebagofher.

（3）Whatcouldbetheauthor'sfeelingforMrs.Jonesnow?

A. Grateful.                             

B. Pitiless.                             

C. Hateful.                             

D. Guilty.

（4）Whatdidtheprofessorimplybyhiswordsinthelastparagraph?

A. Medicalstudentsareabletobringthedeadbacktolife.

B. Beingadoctorhasnothingtodowiththemedicaltraining.

C. Gooddoctorsneverfailtosavetheirpatientsfromdying.

D. Medicalstaffoughttohaverespectforlifeandhumanity.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了和琼斯夫人之间的故事，说明了医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Itmightseemrathernegligentnottoknowthebasicfactsofmypatient,butIhadavalidreason—Mrs.Joneswasdead,andhadbeendeadforaboutthreeyearsbeforeImadeapatientofher.”可知琼斯夫人在去世后，把遗体捐给了医学院，所以在她去世之前，作者并不认识她，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“‘MeandMrs.Jones,we'vegotathinggoingon,’wentthesongcomingoutoftheradioasIunzippedthebagofheronmyfirstday—andsoshewaschristened.”可知当我们第一次见面的时候，收音机里正在播放一首歌《我和琼斯夫人》，她就这样被命名了，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Mrs.JoneswasmyfirstpatientwhenIstartedmedicalschool—andIoweheralot.”可知现在，我对琼斯夫人充满感激，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“hesaid,‘atthebeginningofyourtrainingyouhadadeadbodyandmanagedtoturnitintoaperson.Nowyou'readoctor,thetrickistohaveapersonandnotturnthemintoadeadbody,’andhelaughed,shookmyhandandwalkedaway.”可知教授说得这段话的意思是：

“在你刚开始训练解剖尸体的时候，你要设法把尸体变成一个人。

现在，你成为一名医生了，窍门就是不要把人变成尸体。

”这名教授说得这些话暗含的意思是医务人员应该尊敬生命和人道，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.

   TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype（原型）ofitsflyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.

   Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcern.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotorstopowerthevehicle.

   Thecompanyistestingafull-sizeprototypeoftheHoverbike,whichwillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.

   InNewZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledtheJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.

   PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidtheJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityisthemostimportantelementofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.

   TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatwouldbeused,ifthereshouldbeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitudeandactuallysavesboththeaircraftandthepilot,"headds.Mr.CokersaystheJetpackwillbereadyforsalesoon.

（1）WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheHoverbike________.

A. canhardlygetinandoutofsmallspacesquickly

B. canflyforover30minutes,upto1,000metershigh

C. hasbeenusedbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams

D. canbetransportedquicklyafterbeingfoldedandpacked

（2）PeterCokerusestheexampleofFormulaOneracingcartoshowthat________.

A. theJetpackisverysafeandreliable

B. theengineoftheJetpackispowerful

C. theactualstructureoftheJetpackisunique

D. theJetpackcanreachagreatspeedandheight

（3）Theunderlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphrefersto________.

A. thejetstream                  

B. theengine                  

C. theJetpack                  

D. theparachute

（4）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?

A. Todescribetheproblemsofinventingflyingvehicles.

B. Tointroducethelatestdevelopmentofflyingvehicles.

C. Toshowthedifferencesbetweentwoflyingvehicles.

D. Toadvertisethetwopersonalflyingvehicles.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实，然而安全性和强度一直是个大问题，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位，并对产品进行了改进。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“theHoverbikeisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly.Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked.”可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。

它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。

可知，选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第六段PeterCoker说Jetpack从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。

我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于FormulaOne赛车。

，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachute（降落伞）thatcanbeusedshouldtherebeanemergency."Itstartstoworkatverylowaltitude….,”Coker先生说Jetpack上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。

“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它…”。

可知，Jetpack上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。

由此可知it指的是parachute（降落伞）。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段可知，许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。

然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。

接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Anxietyhasnowsurpasseddepressionasthemostcommonmentalhealthdiseaseamongcollegestudents,thoughdepression,too,isontherise.Morethanhalfofstudentsvisitingcampusclinicsciteanxietyasahealthconcern,accordingtoarecentstudyofmorethan100,000studentsnationwidebytheCenterforCollegiateMentalHealthatPennState.Nearlyoneinsixcollegestudentshasbeendiagnosedwithortreatedforanxietywithinthelast12months,accordingtotheannualnationalsurveybytheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation.

   Thecausesrangewidely,expertssay,frommountingacademicpressureatearlieragestooverprotectiveparentstoengagementwithsocialmedia.Anxietyhasalwaysplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofastudent'slife,butnowmorestudentsexperienceanxietysoacutethattheyareseekingprofessionalhelp.Likemanycollegeclinics,theCenterforCounselingandPsychologicalServicesattheUniversityofCentralFlorida（UCF）—oneofthecountry'slargestandfastest-growinguniversities,hasseensharpincreasesinthenumberofclients:

15.2percentoverlastyearalone.

   Anxietyhasbecomecharacteristicofthecurrentgenerationofcollegestudents,saidDanJones,thedirectorofCounselingandPsychologicalServicesatAppalachianStateUniversityinBoone,N.C.Becauseofincreasinglypressuresduringhighschool,heandotherexpertssay,studentsarriveatcollegepreloadedwithstress.Accustomedtoextremeparentaloversight,manyseemunabletogovernthemselves.Andwithparentssoaccessible,studentshavehadlessincentivetodeveloplifeskills.“Theycan'ttoleratediscomfortorhavingtostruggle,”DrJonessaid.

   Moreoften,anxietyismildandtemporary,theindicationofastudentunderthecontrolofanormaldevelopmentalissue-learningtimemanagement,forexample,or