教育文档高考英语一轮选训习题 Unit 4 Earthq Unit akes及解析答案新人教版必修1doc.docx

教育文档高考英语一轮选训习题 Unit 4 Earthq Unit akes及解析答案新人教版必修1doc.docx

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教育文档高考英语一轮选训习题Unit4EarthqUnitakes及解析答案新人教版必修1doc

必修1　Unit4　Earthquakes

一、阅读理解

A

Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.

AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawnoutincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselongtermhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?

Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.

“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis（麻痹）ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_and_needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.

Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.

【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上（跷二郎腿）的习惯，这种行为会导致一些健康问题。

【难句分析】Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.（第二段第二句）

分析：

本句是一个主从复合句。

两个that引导的都是表语从句，“makingit...tocirculate”为现在分词短语作结果状语。

译文：

这是因为腿部的血液要回流到心脏，就要与重力对抗，并且把一条腿放在另一条腿上会加剧这种对抗，这使得血液循环更难了。

1．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?

A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit，

B．Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.

C．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.

D．Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.

答案与解析：

B'考查细节理解。

根据文章前三段内容可知，人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上（跷二郎腿）会使血压上升，给腿部和脚部的某些神经带来压力，引起健康问题。

故选B项“它可能对人们的健康有害处”。

2．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________.

A．affectyourbloodpressure

B．resistgravityeffectively

C．leadtoheartattackseasily

D．improvethefunctionoflegs

答案与解析：

A'考查细节理解。

根据第二段第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，一项研究表明跷二郎腿会影响血压。

故选A。

3．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans________.

A．beinghighlyflexible　　B．beingalittletired

C．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．slightsharppains

答案与解析：

D'考查词义猜测。

根据上文可知，将一条腿放到另一条腿上所产生的这种压力会使得脚部、腿部某些肌肉无知觉、麻痹。

故选D项“轻微的刺痛”。

4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A．Tocomparecommonhabits.

B．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.

C．Togivereaderssomeadvice.

D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.

答案与解析：

C'考查写作意图。

通读文章内容可知，文章介绍将一条腿放在另一条腿上所导致的健康问题，旨在建议读者不要跷二郎腿。

故选C

B

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods（GMfoods）.GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms（有机体）,whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.

Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear. Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.

However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:

dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?

Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.

Howcanbiotechhelp?

Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.

A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotech

C.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages

2.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.

A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoods

B.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoods

C.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutrition

D.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries

3.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probably

meansthat________.

A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhere

B.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvanced

C.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowers

D.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets

4.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?

A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.

C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。

1.C【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods（GMfoods）.”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。

2.C【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。

4.B【解析】观点态度题。

根据第三段中的“However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。

二、七选五

（2018·广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一）

We'veallexperiencedpeerpressure（同伴压力）.Ithappenstoeverybody.However,peoplehavedifferentreactions.Confidentpeoplerefusetodothingstheydon'twanttodo,butshyandanxiouspeopleoftengivein.Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew.__1__.

It'shardbeingtheonlyonewhosaysnoandthequestionis:

howdoyoudoit?

__2__Ifyouthinkthatmissingmaths,orsmoking,orgoingsomewhereyouknowyourparentswouldn'tlikeisabadideathentheanswerissimple:

don'tdoit.It'syourdecision,nobodyelse's.Youdon'tneedtobeaggressive.Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,“Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.”

Beingonyourownagainsteverybodyelseisveryhard,soitcanreallyhelptohaveatleastoneotherpeer,orfriend,whowillsaynotoo.__3__Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble.Youdon'twantpeoplewhowillalwaysagreewiththemajority.Remember,themostpopularpeoplearen'talwaysthemosttrustworthy.

__4__Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.Theycanrecommendmusicandadviseyouonfashion.Anddon'tforgetyoucantellthemthingstoo,andthatalwaysfeelsgreat.So,findfriendswhohavesimilarinterests.Andremember,friendshipisn'taboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.__5__

A．Chooseyourfriendscarefully.

B．Firstly,youmustdecidewhatyoubelievein.

C．It'saboutsharingexperiencesandhavingfun.

D．Ofcourse,peerpressureisn'tcompletelybad.

E．Itmaybebecausetheywereallborntobestubborn.

F．Depressionandguiltwillsurelygiveyoupeerpressure.

G．Whateverthereason,somepeopleendupdoingthingstheyreallydon'twanttodo.

【文章大意】　自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。

本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。

1．答案与解析：

G'根据空前两句“Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem，orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew”可知，那些害羞和焦虑的人做他们不想做的事情可能是为了让别人喜欢自己，也可能担心他们的朋友会取笑他们，或者仅是尝试新事物。

结合空处所在的位置可以判断，空处承上启下，说明不管是何种原因，这些人选择了做他们不想做的事情，故G项符合文意。

2．答案与解析：

B'根据该段最后两句“Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,‘Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.’”可知，对于如何拒绝，你无需叫喊，但是要自信和坚定；据此可知，空处表示要确定你相信的东西，故B项符合文意。

3．答案与解析：

A'根据空后一句“Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble”可知，你需要在你困难时会支持你的朋友；据此可以判断，空处介绍的是“要慎重选择朋友”，故A项与此处匹配。

4．答案与解析：

D'根据空后的“Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.”可知，你可以从同龄人那里学习很多，他们能教会你很多知识；据此可以判断，来自同伴的压力并非完全是坏事，故D项符合文意。

5．答案与解析：

C'根据“Theycanteachyou...thatalwaysfeelsgreat.”可知，友谊是分享技能、爱好等，是一起享受快乐，故C项符合文意。

三、短文改错

（2018·长沙市高中毕业生供题）

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