职称英语理工A真题及答案文档格式.docx

职称英语理工A真题及答案文档格式.docx

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B　royal

C　sincere

D　genuine

4　Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A　simplicity

B　attraction

C　power

D　rigor

5　Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

A　mist

B　fog

C　secret

D　mystery

6　Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,

A　troubled

B　annoyed

C　threatened

D　aroused

7　Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

A　borrowed

B　purchased

C　copied

D　rewritten

8　Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

A　encouraged

B　fastened

C　raised

D　initiated

9　Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

A　some

B　little

C　enough

D　extra

10Thedoctor'

spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

A　miracles

B　patients

C　illness

D　recovery

11Mary'

sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

A　endless

B　monotonous

C　serious

D　bitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

A　old

B　unforgettable

C　unfair

D　funny

13Youdidn'

tadheretotheseprinciples.

A　order

B　follow

C　prove

D　handle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

A　empty

B　hairless

C　smooth

D　bare

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

A　expressions

B　warnings

C　advertisements

D　instructions

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

　　Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.PopulationsaregrowingbiggerandThirstier（渴的）,withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）.Halftheworld'

swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

　　TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'

spopulation,concentratedinAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'

severewatershortages'

by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

　　Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'

ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'

speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits,andhalftheworld'

scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.

　　Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

　　Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

　　Athirdoftheworld'

spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

　　Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'

stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

　　WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16　Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

　　A　Right　　B　Wrong　　C　Notmentioned

17　Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

18　Mostoftheworld'

spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

19　Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

20　SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

21　TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

22　Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1　　Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）.Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2　　In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3　　Thechimpanzees'

trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4　　Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5　　Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23　Paragraph1　　　　　.

24　Paragraph2　　　　　.

25　Paragraph3　　　　　.

26　Paragraph4　　　　　.

A　Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand"

humans

B　ReasonsforHIVresistance

C　Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

D　EffectiveAIDStreatment

E　Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

F　Chimps'

resistancetoHIV

27　Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect　　　　　

28　Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand　　　　　

29　Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting　　　　　

30　Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto　　　　　

A　healthierlifestyle

B　somehumandiseasetreatments

C　somediseases

D　humansurvival

E　humangenomes

F　keyareas

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

YouthEmancipationinSpain

　　TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'

homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'

sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"

YouthEmancipation（解放）"

programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

　　Economistsblameyoungpeople'

sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

　　Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"

TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:

KeyforUnderstanding"

.

"

Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"

saidMinguez.

　　InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外侄/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

　　Parents'

toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

　　"

Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'

llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"

saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.

　　Mothers'

willingnesstodochildren'

shouseholdchores（家务）worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlf