高一语法知识点复习Word文件下载.docx
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which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
Football
a
game
which
liked
by
most
boys.
This
pen
(which)
he
bought
yesterday.
4.
that指人时,相当于who
或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
number
of
people
that/who
come
to
visit
city
each
year
rises
one
million.
Where
that/whom
saw
this
morning?
5.
whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
He
has
friend
whose
father
doctor.
once
lived
in
house
roof
fallen
in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)
classroom
door
broken
will
soon
be
repaired.
=
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
school
(that/which)
studied
very
famous.
1.
含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
look
for,
after,
take
care
of等。
watch
which/that
am
looking
for.
(T)
for
looking.
(F)
若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;
指物时用which,不能用that;
关系代词是所有格时用whose
。
with
whom
my
friend.
who/that
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,
any,
none,
both,
all,
neither,
most,
each,
few等代词或数词
loved
parents
deeply,
both
kind
him.
In
basket
there
quite
many
apples,
some
have
gone
bad.
There
forty
students
our
class
big
cities.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语,用以修饰表时间的名词。
still
remember
day
when
first
came
school.
time
we
got
together
finally
came.
where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语,用以修饰表地方的名词。
Shanghai
where
was
born.
ten
years
ago
been
pulled
down.
why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
,用以修饰thereason.
Please
tell
me
reason
why
missed
plane.
don'
t
know
looks
unhappy
today.
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。
why/
refused
invitation
not
clear,
From
when/in
going
began
what
wanted
grew
up.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句先行词为一般名词且本身并未具特殊性,可用定语从句加以限制,以加强其特殊性。
限制性定语从句,将之译为“……的”,其关系代词前不置逗号。
翻译时,先译定语从句,再译先行词。
(1)Heisaboywhoworkshard.
teacher
told
that
Tom
only
could
depend
on.
China
country
long
history.
2.非限制性定语从句。
先行词为专有名词(如Tom、John、Africa)及独一性名词,如father(爸爸只有一个),之后若接关系代词所引导的定语从句时,该关系代词之前一定要置逗号。
此时该定语从句就称为非限制性定语从句。
专有名词或独一性名词本身就具有特殊性,不必再用定语从句加以限定。
His
mother,
loves
him
much,
strict
China,
founded
1949,
becoming
more
and
powerful.
难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that
的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything,
everything,
nothing
(something
除外),
few,
little,
等代词时,或者是由every,
some,
no,
much
等修饰时。
Have
taken
down
everything
Li
said?
seems
impossible
world.
All
can
done
done.
(4)
little
do
you.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
Any
sense
duty
won'
such
thing.
当先行词被序数词修饰
place
they
visited
London
Big
Ben.
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
best
film
seen.
当形容词被the
very,
only修饰时
dictionary
want
buy,
After
fire
house,
car
thing
owned.
Wang
Hua
attend
meeting.
当先行词前面有who,
which等疑问代词时
Who
standing
there?
Which
T-shirt
fits
most?
6.
当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Can
scientist
theory
learned?
(二)关系代词as和which
引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
married
her,
as/which
natural.
honest,
see.
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如„„,正像„„”的意思
As
known
developing
country.
south,
learn
accent.
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which。
(5)
always
late
school,
made
angry.
当先行词受such,
same修饰时,常用as。
never
heard
story
tells.
fool
looks.
same
book
last
week.
当先行词由the
same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as
所引导的定
语从句意思不同。
She
wore
dress
she
at
Mary'
s
wedding.
her
young
sister
wore.
(3)以the
way为先行词的定语从句通常由in
that引导,而且通常可以省略。
way(in
which/
that)
answered
question
surprising.
(四)but
有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
few
but
understand
idea.
(
but=
)
注意事项
1.关系代词的省略:
限制性定语从句中,若关系代词为及物动词的宾语,则该关系代词可省略。
若关系代词为介词的宾语,介词移至定语从句的句尾时,该关系代词亦可省略。
例:
ThisistheboywhomIsawyesterday.
=ThisistheboyIsawyesterday.
定语从句专项练习
A
fan
_____
strong
interest
football.
A.
B.
C.
D.
destroyed
terrible
fire,
its
lend
novel
other
day?
it
matter
were
arguing
night
settled.
They
hour
things
persons
remembered
common
sense(常识)
thing?
7.
apples
fell
eaten
pigs.
those
8.
asked
them
front.
9.
I’ll
night.
all
10.
child
died
called
orphan.
who’s
11.
Is
museum
12.
German
friends
Wednesday?
13.
—
How
like
book?
It’s
different
read
month.
14.
favor
proposal?
15.
train
traveling
late.
16.
key
drawer
papers
kept.
under
17.
Antarctic
covered
thick
ice
round.
18.
arrived
time,
______,
opinion,
rather
inappropriate
them.
/
19.
often
helps
thinks
quick
their
studies.
because
20.
Second
World
War
millions
killed
ended
1945.
语法复习之费谓语动词
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);
找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);
搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
非谓语
功能
形式
动名词
具有名词功能,常在句中作主语,宾语
主动式
doing
被动式
beingdone
完成式
havingdone/havingbeendone
现在
分词
表主动和正在进行,常在句中作定语,状语,宾补
一般式
havingdone
过去
表被动和已完成,常在句中作定语,状语,补语
done
进行式
完成式
havingbeendone
动词
不定式
表将来具体某一次,常在句中作主语,定语,状语,补语,宾语等
todo/tobedone
tobedoing
tohavedone/tohavebeendone
非谓语动词的考查要点
1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题
(1)不定式作表语与“be+to
sth.”的异同。
不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
My
job
teach
English.(说明内容)
be+to
sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
go
abroad.
(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常接不定式作宾语:
afford,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail,plan,agree,forget,like,prefer,decide,manage,try,arrange,determine,desire等。
下列词语后可接“疑问词+不定式”:
teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,find
out,advise,discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词(短语)see,watch,notice,hear,listen
to,observe,feel,taste,smell,make,let,have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况:
主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+sb.to
sth.
主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel+sb.+to
be/to
主语+call
on/upon/depend
on/wait
for/ask
for+sb.+to
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:
chance,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,opportunity,way,the
first,the
second,the
last,the
only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
no
after
her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
now
room
live
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。
do表示出人意料的结果。
We
hurried
find
none
there.
order
(not)
to,so
t