上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳.doc

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上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳.doc

冠词

一、固定词组

1.有些固定词组中有the:

inthemiddleof,gotothecinema/movies,playtheviolin/piano/guitar,intheend,thesame

2.有些词组中不用任何冠词:

bybus,playfootball,playchess,gotoschool,gotobed,atfirst,loseweight

3.有些词组中加a:

catchabus,inahurry,takeawalk,

二、专有名词前

1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the:

Shanghai,inNewYork,inAmerica,但是theUnitedSates要加the

2.由普通名词构成的专有名词前加theGreatWall,

3.江河、海洋、山川前加the:

theYangtzeRiver,thePacific,theYellowMountains

三.一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月,next前不加任何冠词

1.forbreakfast/lunch/supper

2.inspring/summer/autumn/winter

3.onMonday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday

4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December

四、宇宙中独一无二的事物,序数词,形容词最高级,only所修饰的名词前用the

1.thesun,themoon,theearth

2.theeighth,thetwelfth,thetwentieth,thefourth

3.thebiggest,themostpopular

4.theonlykey

五、形容词加the,表示这一类人theblind,thedeaf,theold,therich,thepoor

六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音

1.a:

ausefuldictionary,auniversitystudent,aEuropeanvillage,aone-eyedcaptain,auniform

2.an:

anhour,anhonestgirl,ane-mail,animportantletter,anexchangestudent,anuncle

anX-rayphotograph,anMBAcourse,

Thereis__an__”f”intheword“first”.(f,h,l,m,n,s,x,r,)

介词

分类记忆:

一、时间介词

具体哪一天on,几点钟前用at,年、月份前用in,早上、下午、晚上用in,但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。

last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词

OnChristmasDay,onDecember14,2013,onthemorningofDecember15,

二、地点介词

三、短语中固定搭配的介词

carefor,basedon,inone’sthirties,concentrateon=focuson,theanswertothequestion,thekeytothedoor,Sheisofaverageheight,sharewith,beresponsiblefor,add…to,

四、方式介词by,with

bybus,bytrain,bye-mail,byexpressmail,bycreditcard

writewithapen,sayitinEnglish

五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的

of/among+代词,名词或数词,in+表示地点或集体的名词

Johnwasthefirstonthelistofthefamousstarsbecausehewastherichest______them.

代词

一、人称代词

1.顺序:

单数:

二、三、一复数:

一、二、三

Johnsitsamong______,_______andme.

A.Mary…youB.she…youC.you…MaryD.you…she

2.主格宾格:

主格——主语,宾格——宾语(动词或介词后)

Thejournalistinterviewed________.(he,his,him)

Ishow_______aroundthecity.(they,their,them)

3.名词性物主代词

Thecinemainourneighborhoodisoldandsmall,but______isbigandmodern.(they,them,.their,theirs)

Mum,haveyoueverseenDanny’ssportsshoes?

Iwantapairlike_______.(he)

afriendofmine/his/myfather’s

I______we______you_______he_______her________they_______

4、反身代词

enjoyoneself,helponeselftosth,learn…byoneself=teachoneself

Imadeitmyself.

I______we______you_______he_______her________they_______it________

不定代词

1.theother,others,another,theothers

Some…._______One…_________

another+可数名词的单数

固定词组一个接着一个_________________

Willyoupleaseshowme_________one?

Have_______try,andyou’llsucceed.

2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置

somethingnecessary

3.either_______,neither______,both______,all_______,none________

Thereportsays__________ofthetwocountriesinAsiasupportsthewar.

Afteryougetoffthebus,youcantake________ofthetwoMetroLinestoZhongshanPark.

eithersidebothsides

4.few,afew,little,alittle

It’sunusualforhimtobesoactivebecauseheisoftenaboyof_______words.

A.fewB.littleC.manyD.much

数词

1、twohundred/thousand,hundreds/thousandsof,前面如果有morethan,lessthan,over,about等词时,用确切的数据about/morethantwohundredpeople

2、数字的读法,百位和十位之间用and365

3、序数词的拼写

One_______,two__________,three_________Four________,five________,eight_________,twelve________,nine_______,twenty_________,twenty-one_____________

5.分数

1/2____________2/3__________,3/4_________,3/5_________

6、百分比30percent

7、日期表达February12,1809

twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours

aten-year-oldboyTheboyistenyearsold.

Heisoverfiftyyearsold.Heisinhisfifties.

It’stenminutes’walk.It’saten-minutewalk.

名词

1.变复数

potato______tomato______hero______Negro_______photo______(两人两菜加s,其他加es)

boy______toy_________,dictionary_________,(只有辅音+y结尾变y为ies)

beach___________(s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词复数+es)

life,thief,leaf,knife(fe,f结尾的名词,把f,fe变为ves)

2.可数名词与不可数名词

manychildren muchinformation

afewbooks alittletime

someboys sometime

acoupleofdays abasketoffruit

修饰可数名词的:

few,afew,many,alargenumberof,acoupleof

修饰不可数名词的:

little,alittle,much,agreatdealof,hugeamountsof

既修饰可数名词的,又可以修饰可数名词的:

plentyof,alotof/lotsof,some

3.名词所有格

myfather’sfriend=afriendofmyfather’s,theteachers’office,theChildren’sPalace

形容词/副词

1、形容词的用法:

1)系动词后做表语Thecomedyisveryfunny

2)在名词前作定语It’safunnycomedy

3)修饰不定代词在不定代词之后Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.

4)在宾语之后作宾语补足语ThegoodnewsmadeBob’smotherexcited.

You’dbetterkeepthewindowopen.

2、副词的用法:

1)修饰行为动词Hedrivescarefully.

2)修饰形容词Thefoodisquitedelicious.

3)修饰整个句子Luckily,hestillgotthefirstprize

3、much,far,alittle,abit,alot,even等词修饰形容词比较级

TheBundlooksmuch_________atnight.(pretty)

Helooksalittle__________(happy)

4.既是形容词又是副词的:

early,fast,hard,high ,late

5、as…asnotas/so…as句型

中间用形容词或者副词的原级,所以可以先排除比较级和最高级,选副词还是形容词,看是否修饰行为动词

Thedriverdroveas___________asusual.

A.mostcarefullyB.morecareful

C.carefulD.carefully

6、一些特殊句型

The比较级主语+谓语,the比较级主语+谓语,Theearlier…,thebetter…

thefastestinourclass,oneofthelongestrivers,thesecondlongestriver,betterandbetter

疑问词

Howfar(tenminutes’walk)

Howsoon(intenminutes)

Howfast(amileintenminutes)

Howlong(fortenminutes)

Howoften(twiceaday)

Howmany(two)

Howmuch(twoyuan/twokilos)

1.Hewenttothehospitaltohaveacheckuponeyesight.(99)

____________hegotothehospital?

2.Wehaveaclassmeetingonceaweek.(00)

____________didtheAmericanspacecraftGalileotravelandworkinspace?

3.Thissignmeanscarsandbusesmustn’tturnrighthere.(04)

____________thissignmean?

4.LondonheldthefirstWorldExpoin1851.(05)

______didLondon______thefirstWorldExpo?

5.Thestudents’projectswillbeonshowinthreedays.(06)

____________willthestudents’projectsbeonshow?

动词

连系动词:

1.be动词2.感官动词:

feel(feel-felt-felt),smell(smell-smelt-smelt),taste,sound,look

3.表示变化的:

become-became-become,get-got-got,grow-grew-grown,turn4.表示保持的:

keep,stay,remain5.似乎是seem

情态动词:

MayIwatchTV?

No,youmustn’t/maynot/can’t.

MustIdothework?

No,youneedn’t.

maybe可能是mustbe一定是can’tbe不可能是

Youneedn’thelphim.=Youdon’tneedtohelphim.

1. We______keepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotectourselves.(04)

A)may B)should C)can D)need

2.A:

______Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?

B:

No,youneedn’t.Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.(05)

A)May B)Can C)Would D)Must

3. Mymother______makericedumplings.She’llteachmehowtodoit.(06)

A)must B)need C)should D)can

使役动词:

make,let,havesb.dosth.

动词的时态和语态:

一般现在时主语+do/does

1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用;

2、表示客观事实或普遍真理;Thesunrisesintheeast.

3、由when,before,after,if,unless,assoonas引导的从句,主句用将来时从句用一般现在时

Iwilltellhimassoonashecomesback.

一般过去时主语+did

1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago,in1987,atthetime,inthepast

2、过去习惯性动作usedtodo

一般将来时will/shalldo

1、shall,will+动词原型构成一般将来时;

2、am(is,are)goingto+动词原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情;

thereisgoingtobe

3、表示“去向”的动词,可以用进行时表示将来时come,go,arrive,leave,leavefor

I’mleavingforBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.

现在进行时am/is/are+doing

常用时间状语now,atpresent,forthetimebeing,look,listen,becareful

Look,Jane’sgrandma________withsomeagedpeople.

A.dancesB.dancedC.isdancingD.wasdancing

过去进行时was/were+doing

常用时间状语atthatmoment,thistimeyesterday,atsixyesterdaymorning,fromtwotothreeyesterdayafternoon.

也常用于when和while引导的时间状语从句

WhenIwashavingdinnerwithmyfamilylastnight,thetelephonerang.

现在完成时have/has+done

1.常用的时间状语和副词:

never,ever,already,yet,just,recently,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years.

2.already&yet

Ihavealreadyreadthebook,(改否定句)

I_____readthebook_____.

3.since&for

IhavelearnedEnglishsince2004(对划线部分提问)

IhavelearnedEnglishfor10years(同上)

4.延续性动词和瞬间动词

I______thisbookforaweek.

A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.buy

现在完成时had+done

1.表示过去的过去,常用的时间状语:

bytheendoflastyear,beforeIenteredtheschool

2.用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中

HetoldmethathehadbeentoChinatwice.

被动语态:

1.构成:

be+及物动词的过去分词p.p

2.时态的变化主要体现在be的变化

一般现在时am/is/are+p.p,一般过去时was/were+p.p

现在完成时has/havebeen+p.p一般将来时willbe+p.p

情态动词should/may/must/can/could…+be+p.p

3.先划出句子的谓语部分———写出动词原形——判断时态——注意主语的单复数

Janewroteseveralarticlesaboutmemorylastmonth.

Severalarticlesaboutmemory________byJanelastmonth.

1.wrote————2.write—wrote—written——3.was/werewritten——4.主语是severalarticles,因此是werewritten

非谓语动词1——动词不定式

1.主语Tobeateacherismydream

2.宾语Iwanttobuyanewbike

3.表语Myfather’sjobistomakesickpeoplebetter.

4.定语Wehavegotanewprojecttodo

5.宾语补足语Ourheadmasteraskedus

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