考研英语模拟题01.docx

考研英语模拟题01.docx

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考研英语模拟题01

模拟题一

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientistshad1thatnonhumansociallifewasalmosttotallyinstinctiveorfixedbygenetics.Muchmorecarefulobservationhasshownthat2variationoccursamongthesocialtiesofmostspecies,showingthatlearningisapartofsociallife.Thatis,the3arenotsolelyfixedbythegenes.

　　4，thelearningthatoccursisoftenatanearlyageinaprocessthatiscalledimprinting.Imprintingisclearly5instinctive,butitisnotquitelikethelearningofhumans;itissomethinginbetweenthetwo.Anillustrationbest6thenatureofimprinting.Once,biologiststhoughtthatducklingsfollowedthemotherduckbecauseofinstincts.Nowweknowthat,shortly7theyhatch,ducklingsfix8anyobjectaboutthesizeofaduckandwillhenceforthfollowit.Soducklingsmayfollowabasketballorabriefcaseiftheseare9forthemotherduckatthetimewhenimprintingoccurs.Thus,socialtiescanbeconsiderably10,evenonesthathaveaconsiderablebase11bygenetics.

　　Evenamongthesocialinsectssomethinglikeimprinting12influencesocialbehavior.Forexample,biologistsoncethoughtbeescommunicatedwithotherspurely13instinct.But,inexamininga"dance"thatbeesdotoindicatethedistanceanddirectionofapollensource,observersfoundthatbeesraisedinisolationcouldnotcommunicateeffectively.Atahigherlevel,thegeneticbaseseemstobemuchmoreforanallpurposelearningratherthanthemorespecificresponsesofimprinting.Chimpanzees,forinstance,generally14verygoodmotherbutJaneGoodallreportsthatsomechimpscarrytheinfantupsidedownor15failtonurturetheyoung.Shebelievesthatthesefemalesweretheyoungestorthe16childofamother.Insuchcircumstances,theydidnothavetheopportunitytoobservehowtheirownmother17forheryoung.Certainlyadolescentchimpswhoarestillwiththeirmotherswhenotheryoungareborntakemuchinterestintherearingoftheiryoungbrotherorsister.Theyhaveanexcellentopportunitytolearn,andthesocialtiesthatarecreatedbetweenmotherandyoung18Goodalltodescribethesocialunitasafamily.Themotheroffspringtieisbeyond19;thereissomeevidenceto20thattiesalsocontinuebetweensiblingsofthesamesex,thatis"brotherbrother"and"sistersister".

　　1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised

　　2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering

　　3AstatuesBstatusesCstatutesDstatures

　　4AWhatsmoreBHenceCButDHowever

　　5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely

　　6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines

　　7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter

　　8AonBwithCinDwithin

　　9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed

　　10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered

　　11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected

　　12AmayBshouldCmustDcan

　　13AbyBoutofCfromDthrough

　　14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate

　　15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven

　　16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly

　　17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided

　　18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead

　　19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation

　　20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggest

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）

　　Text1

　　NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly-thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12countryEurozone-suggestthecontinent'seconomicwoesmayhavebeenexaggerated.InFrance,evidenceemergedthatconsumerspendingremainedsolidinJulyandAugust,rising1.4%and0.6%respectively.ForecastershadgenerallyexpectedtheJulyfiguretoshowa0.1%slippage,withAugustunchanged.ButthefigureswereflatteredslightlybyadowngradetotheJunefigure,to0.7%from1.5%.

　　WithmanufacturinginthedoldrumsacrossEuropeandtheUS,consumerspendinghasbeenincreasinglyseenasthebesthopeofstoppingtheglobaleconomicslowdownfromturningintoarecession.TheFrenchgovernmentsaidthenewsprovedthattheeconomywasholdinguptothestrainoftheslowdown.

　　MeanwhileinGermany,newregionalpricefigureswentsomewaytowardscalmingfearsaboutinflationinEurope'slargesteconomy-akeyreasonfortheEuropeanCentralBank'sreluctancetocutinterest15statessaidconsumerpriceswerebroadlystable,withinflationfallingyearonyear.Theinformationbackedeconomists'expectationsthatinflationforthecountryasawholeissettofallbacktoayearlyrateof2.1%,comparedtoayearlyrateof2.6%inAugust,closinginontheEurowidetargetof2%.Thedropispartlyduetolastyear'sspikeinoilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculation.

　　TheicingonthecakewasnewsthatItaly'sjobmarkethasremainedbuoyant.Thecountry'sJulyunemploymentratedroppedto9.4%from9.6%themonthbefore,itslowestlevelinmorethaneightyears.AndabusinessconfidencesurveyfromquasigovernmentalresearchgroupISAEtoldofageneralpickupindemandinthesixweekstoearlySeptember.ButthenewswastemperedbyanannouncementbyAlitalia,thecountry'sbiggestairline,thatitwillhavetogetridof2，500stafftocopewiththeexpectedcontractionaswellasselling12aeroplanes.AndindustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthattheattacksonUStargetsmeantgrowthwillbeabout1.9%thisyear,wellshortofthegovernment's2.4%target.Anditsaidthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybeabout1.5%,nearlytwicethe0.8%Italy'sgovernmenthaspromiseditsEuropeanUnionpartners.

　　21Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat.

　　AnewfiguresfromthethreeEuropeancountriesshowthepredictionofforecastersisexactlyright

　　BEuropeaneconomygetsonbetterthanforecastershavepredicted

　　Calloftheforecastersexpectthefullyfiguretoshowareduction

　　DinthreeEuropeancountriestheconsumerspendingcontinuestorise

　　22Theterm"inthedoldrums"inParagraph2refersto.

　　AintheprocessofrisingBexperiencingasharpturning

　　CintherecessionDrisingrapidly

　　23Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

.

　　AThereasonfortheECB'sunwillingtocutinterestratesisinflationwasactuallyexpectedtofallinGermany

　　BInGermanyconsumerpriceswerefalling

　　CLastyear'soilpricesdroppingoutoftheyearonyearcalculationdirectlyleadstothedropofinflation

　　DTheEuropeanCentralBankiswillingtocutinterestrate

　　24lnthispassage,theword"buoyant"inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtotheword.

　　AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm

　　25lndustrialgroupConfindustriawarnedthat.

　　AtheattacksonUStargetsleadtothecomparativelylowergrowth

　　Bthegrowthhadbeenwellshortofthegovernment'starget

　　Cthebudgetdeficitmustbeabout1.5%

　　Dthebudgetdeficitwillprobablybegreatdifferentfromthecountry'spromise

　　Text2

　　SurveyresultsindicatethatsmokingandalcoholandmarijuanauseincreasedamongresidentsofManhattanduringthe5～8weeksaftertheterroristattacksontheWorldTradeCenterwhichtookplaceonSeptember11,2001.Almostonethirdofthenearly1,000personsinterviewedreportedanincreaseduseofalcohol,marijuana,orcigarettesfollowingtheSeptember11thattacks.Thelargestincreasewasinalcoholuse.AboutonefourthoftherespondentssaidtheyweredrinkingmorealcoholintheweeksafterSeptember11;about10%reportedanincreaseinsmoking,and3.2%saidtheyhadincreasedtheiruseofmarijuana.

　　TheinvestigatorsfoundsurveyparticipantsbyrandomlydialingNewYorkCityphonenumbersandscreenedpotentialrespondentsforManhattanresidentslivinginareasclosetotheWorldTradeCenter.Interviewswereconductedwith988individualsbetweenOctober16andNovember15,2001.Participantswereaskedabouttheircigarettesmoking,alcoholdrinking,andmarijuanausehabitsbeforeandafterSeptember11.DuringtheweekpriortoSeptember11,2001,22.6%oftheparticipantsreportedsmokingcigarettes,59.1%drinkingalcohol,and4.4%usingmarijuana.AfterSeptember11th,23.4%reportedsmokingcigarettes,64.4%drinkingalcohol,and5.7%smokingmarijuana.Amongthosewhosmoked,almost10%reportedsmokingatleastanextrapackofcigarettesaweekandamongthosewhodrankalcohol,morethan20%reportedimbibingatleastoneextradrinkaday.

　　Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhoreportedanincreaseinsubstanceabuseweremorelikelytosufferfromposttraumaticstressdisorder（PTSD）andfromdepression.PeoplewhoreportedanincreaseincigarettesmokingormarijuanausewerealsomorelikelytohavebothPTSDanddepression,whilethosewhoreportedanincreaseinalcoholuseweremorelikelytohavedepressiononly.PersonswhowerelivingclosertotheWorldTradeCenterweremorelikelytoincreasetheircigarettesmoking,butotherfactorssuchasbeingdisplacedfromhome,losingpossessionsduringtheattacks,orbeinginvolvedintherescueeffortswerenotconsistentlyassociatedwithincreasedsubstanceuse.Symptomsofpanicattackwereassociatedwithanincreaseintheuseofallsubstances.

　　Increaseinsubstanceabusedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenmenandwomenoramongracialorethnicgroups.Demographicfactorssuchasage,maritalstatus,andincomeseemedtoplayamorecriticalroleindeterminingiftheeventsofSeptember11thledtoanincreaseinsubstanceuse.

　　26.Thesurveyresultssuggestthatthelargestincreaseinsubstanceusewa