研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册Word下载.docx

研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册Word下载.docx

《研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册Word下载.docx（80页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

3.Whatmetaphordoestheauthorusetodescribecyberspace?

Whydoessheusesuchametaphor?

Realestate,becausebothrealestateandcyberspaceconsistofdifferentpartsandeachpartissuitableforaparticulargroupofpeople.

4.Doestheauthorapproveofregulatingcyberspace?

Whyorwhynot?

Yes,butfirst,itisfundamentaltounderstandthenatureofcyberspace.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisneededincyberspacebesidesgovernmentcontrol?

Self-rule.

6.Whataresomeofthemainareasofcyberspacethattheauthordefines?

Whatotherareasdoyouknowthathaverecentlyemergedincyberspace（e.g.e-business）?

E-mailconversations,informationandentertainmentservices,andcyberspacecommunities.

7.Howdocyberspacecommunitiesevolve?

Giveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.

Peopleofsimilarinterestsandtastesformacommunity.Forexample,communitiesonCompuServetendtobeprofessional;

thoseonAmericaOnlineareaffluentyoungsingles,andsoon.

8.Whatisuniqueaboutcyberspacerules?

Whatauthoritydotheyhavethatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon’thave?

Itallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish.Cyberspaceruleshavemoralauthoritythatterrestrialgovernmentsdon’thave.

9.Inwhatspiritarenewcommunitiesformed?

Communitiescatertotheirownmembers’inclination..

10.Whatkindofgovernmentdoexplorersincyberspaceneed?

Theirownlocalgovernmentbesidesterrestrialgovernmentdoesexplorers.

11.Whatshouldbedonetodealwithquestionableitemsincyberspace?

Arepeoplealreadydoingthat?

Weshouldbebanningthemandusinglabelsandautomaticfilterstogetridofthem.Yes.

12.Iscyberspaceaperfectplace?

Ifnot,whyarepeoplesoexcitedaboutit?

No,itisnot.Peopleareexcitedaboutitbecauseitoffersalotofinformationandfreedom.

B.Globalunderstandingandappreciationofthetext.

1.Analogy（比喻，类推）isafigureofspeech（修辞手段）whichdrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferenttypesofthings,anduseson（usuallyfamiliartothereader）toexplainreader’sunderstandingofthewriter’spoint.

Canyoudrawaparallelbetweenrealestateandcyberspace?

Whatpointdoestheanalogysupport?

Theanalogybetweenrealestateandcyberspace

Realestate

Cyberspace

Shoppingmall

Commonland

Red-lightzone

Private

schooldistrict

Rentedout

drugstore

Placestobeavoided

Parkland,Church

Placesforchildren

2.Bydividingcyberspaceintothreepartsandusingsimiles（明喻）,theauthordefinesthenatureofcyberspaceandillustratesfurtherherpointthatgovernmentregulationisnotneededincyberspace.Completethefollowingformtoshowthatyouunderstandtheauthor’spoint.Pleaseberemindedthattheunderlyingstructureofasimileis“AislikeB”.

Parts

Similies

Characteristics

e-mailconversations

Telephoneconversations

Theyareprivate,consensualandrequirenoregulation.

Informationandentertainmentservices

Bookstores,malls,moviehouses

Itemsarenotgivenifnotrequested.

Cyberspacecommunities

Bars,restaurants,bathhouses

Rulesarebeingimposedtokeepoutunwantedads,discussionsandparticipants.

3.Inwhatwaydotherulesofaterrestrialgovernmentandthoseofacyberspacecommunitydiffer?

Refertopara.11toanswerthequestion.

Terrestrialgovernment

Cyberspacecommunity

Peoplecannotchoosetheirowncommunity;

theyareforcedtobeamemberofacertaincommunityjustbecausetheyhappentobebornorliveinaplace.Rulesofaterrestrialgovernmentdonothavemoralauthority.

Anyminoritygroupsareallowedtoexistandflourish.Peoplechoosetheirowncommunitiesandfollowcommunityrules.Iftheydonotliketherules,theycanleavefreely.Sotherulesofcyberspacecommunitieshavemoralauthority.

4.Whatisthelanguagestyleofthearticle?

Isitformalandliteraryorinformalandconversational?

Citeexamplesfromthetexttosupportyouranswer.

Thisarticleiswritteninaninformalandconversationalstyle.Forexample,theauthorusessomeslangywords,incompletesentences,contractions,andaddressesthereaderas“you”.

II.Vocabulary

A.Findawordorphrasefromtheparagraphindicatedinthebracketthatmeansthesameas:

1.inthepast—→formerly

2.include—→embrace

3.man-made—→artificial

4.controlsystematically—→regulate

5.exactly—→precisely

6.undesired—→unwanted

7.irrelevant—→extraneous

8.havingintensefeeling—→passionate

9.aimtoward—→betargetedto

10.notfaraway—→athand

11.bechargedfor—→besuedfor

B.Choosethebestwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences,

1.thisbook____a___alltheinformationyouneed.

a.containsb.embracesc.offersd.involves

2.Thegovernment_____c____thenumberofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.

a.refrainsb.restrainsc.restrictsd.prevents

3.Asateacheryoushouldnotshow_____b___towardsanyofyourstudents.

a.pleasureb.favorc.preferenced.inclination

4.Trafficis_____d___bypoliceateveryintersection.

a.enforcedb.imposedc.limitedd.regulated

5.Howmuchdoyou____b___forthispairofshoes?

a.billb.chargec.costd.afford

6.Wecan______b____nowandreturntoworkinthemorning.

a.leaveoutb.leaveoffc.signawayd.signoff

7.Thatmattercanbeleft___b___untilournextmeeting.

a.onb.overc.aloned.about

8.Ilearnedthathewas_____a____sickleavefromagovernmentoffice.

a.onb.inc.takend.spending

9.ItwasoneofthemostbeautifulsightsthatIhadeverseteyes____c_____.

a.tob.inc.ond.down

10.Eachweekhetriedtoset_____d____afewdollarsofhissalary.

a.forthb.aboutc.apartd.aside

III.Cloze

Chooseaproperwordfromthelisttofillineachblankinthefollowingpassage.Changetheformofthewordifnecessary:

Accessplacethataswinleadstillvirtualevenresponseannuallytoconcernacrossexactlysimplybybetweentheybecause

BorntoSurf

ThewebFromtheWindowcontainspoetryandliteraturefromwell-knownwritersacrosstheglobal.Therearethoughtfularticlesanalyzingthestateoftheworldwelivein.Thereis

（1）evenapiecefromtheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedStates,KofiAnnan.Itmaycome

（2）assomesurprisetofindout（3）thattheeditorofthemagazineisa12-year-oldgirl,JoyNightingale.

FromtheWindow（4）wonJoyNightingalethefirstprizeinthe1999childnetInter-nationalandCableandWirelessawards.Thesearegiven（5）annuallyforthebestuseoftheInternet（6）byandforyoungpeople.And（7）theyhighlightoneofthemostwelcomingaspectsofthe（8）virtualworld.ChildrenhavetakentotheInternetasthoughtheyarebornsurfing.

Perhapsthisis（9）becauseadultshavehadtochangetheirunderstandingoftechnologywhilechildren（10）simplyacceptitasnatural.Whateverthereason,childrencanbefoundbuildingwebsitesandE-mailingfriends（11）acrosstheworldwhileadultsare（12）stillasking:

“Tellmeagain—where（13）exactlyiscyberspace?

”

Ofcoursethereisgrowing（14）concernaboutthefactthatchildrencantravelfarawayfromparentalsupervisionincyberspace.In（15）response,manyparentshaveinstalledsoft-warepackageswhichprevent（16）accesstoviolentorpornographicwebsites.Childnetistakingamorepositiveline.Thewebsiteisagateway（17）toaworldofeducationandentertainment.

TherapidgrowthinInternetculturehas（18）ledanalyststospeculatethatsocietywillsoonbedivided（19）betweenthe“informationrich”and“informationpoor”.ForChildnetitisespeciallyimportantthatchildrenatthemarginsofsocietythroughpovertyordisabilityhavethechancetotaketheir（20）palceasequalcitizensinthevirtualworld.

IV.Translation

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.Incyberspace,we’llbeabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned—intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein:

otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper（andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities）.Thosethatcan’tsurvive-eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff-willsimplywitheraway.

一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。

在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。

有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。

能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。

有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。

TextB

KeytoComprehensionandAppreciation

1.Theauthorarguesthatgenetransfershouldonlybeusedforthetreatmentofseriousdisease,andnotforanyotherpurpose.Genetransfershouldneverbeundertakeninanattempttoenhanceor“improve”humanbeings.

2.Manygeneticdiseases,sometypesofcancer,viraldiseasessuchasAIDS,andsomeformsofcardiovasculardiseasecanbetreatedbygenetherapy.Inaddition,itmaybetechnicallypossibletoinsertageneintothereproductivecellsofapatient.

3.Itmeanssupplyingaspecificcharacteristicthatindividualsmightwantforthemselvesortheirchildren.Themostobviousexampleatthemomentwoul