北京师范大学考博英语summary练习材料.docx

北京师范大学考博英语summary练习材料.docx

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北京师范大学考博英语summary练习材料

新概念英语第4册25——48课均有summary联系，新概念英语4教师用书上有答案复习时可参考练习

Towriteyoursummary,firstscanthedocumentyouaresummarizingtogetanoverallimpression.

Thenreaditcarefully,highlightingorunderliningthemostsignificantinformation.

Youwillwanttoespeciallypaycloseattentiontothefirstandlastsentenceofeachparagraph.Usuallythefirstsentenceisthetopicsentenceandthelastasummaryoftheparagraphsotheywillhavethemostimportantideas.

TheFirstSentence:

Aneasywaytobeginwritingasummaryistorefertotheauthorandwhattheyhavewrittenabout.

Ageneralformatforthefirstsentenceisasfollows:

FirstSentenceExamples

Inhis/her/thearticle{“Articlename,”}{Author’sname}+{primaryverb}+{mainidea}.

Inhis/her/thearticle{“Articlename,”}{Author’sname}+{primaryverb}+{mainidea}.

Example:

Inhisarticle“ChildrenandVideoGames,”StevePetersonstronglyrecommendsthatparentsshouldnotallowtheirchildrentoplayvideogames.

⏹Thereareanumberofprimaryverbsthatcanbeusedinasummary.Someofthemostcommonarelistedhere.

1.Claims2.Recommends3.Argues

4.Reports5.Shows6.Insists

7.Explains8.Describes9.Suggests

Note:

Manyoftheseverbswilloftenbefollowedbytheword“that”.

OtherFirstSentenceExamples

⏹Inthearticle“Menaredifferentthanwomen”,theauthordescribes10importantdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.

⏹Inthisarticle,theauthorexplainshowtheChineseeconomyhasdevelopedsoquicklyinthelasttenyears.

TheRestoftheSummary

Thefirstsentenceshouldbefollowedbythemainideasandsupportingideasinthesameorderthattheyappearinthetext.RememberthatallsentencesshouldbestatedinYOUROWNWORDS.Ifyouabsolutelymustuseasentenceorphrasefromtheoriginaltext,makesurethatitisputwithinquotationmarks（""）.Alsorememberthatyouarejustrestatingwhatisexpressedinthetext;youshouldNOTbeaddinganyofyourownopinions.

LongerSummaries

⏹Mostsummarieswillbequiteshort.Butifyouarewritingalongersummaryyoucanaddsomephrasesliketheonesbelow.

⏹Theauthorgoesontosaythat...

⏹Thearticle（author）furtherstatesthat...

⏹（Author’slastname）alsobelievesthat…

⏹（Author’slastname）concludesthat…

⏹Nomatterwhatformatyouchoosetouse,statingthemainpurposeofthearticleinthefirstcoupleofsentencesisveryimportantifyouwanttowriteasuccessfulsummary.

⏹Afteryouhavewrittenthisyoucantrytowriteasummaryofeachparagraph.Ifthearticleyouaresummarizingiswrittenwellthisshouldbeeasytodo.Itwillbeharderiftheparagraphdoesnothaveagoodtopicsentence.

⏹Nowwearegoingtotakesometimetopracticewritinganothersummaryinclass.Pleaseusethistimewellasitwillbehelpfulinpreparingyouforthefinalexamination.Thisarticleisanarticlethatwasusedinthepastforthedoctoratestudentsexamination.

DoctorateStudentsWritingandSpeakingClass

“Summarizing”

“Articles”

“Subject-VerbAgreement”

“MoreSummarizing”

WritingaSummary

Exercise#1

Firstreadthearticle“Deception:

TheEnglishEssay”.

Afterreadingthisarticledothesummarizingexercisesonthebottomofthehandout.

Deception:

TheEnglishEssay

MainPurpose:

Themainpurposeistoinformstudentsofusefultechniquestodeceivinglywriteasatisfactoryessayinashortamountoftime.

Inhisarticle“Deception:

TheEnglishEssay”,FredJonessuggestssomeusefultechniquestodeceivingly…

Deception:

TheEnglishEssay

Mainideaofeachparagraph.

2.Writeafascinatingintroduction.

3.Usewordsfrompastvocabularylistsintheessay.

4.Maketheshortessayappearlong.

5.Bribetheteacher.

ExampleSummary

Inhisarticle“Deception:

TheEnglishEssay”,FredJonesshowsstudentssometechniquesthatcanhelpthemwriteaquickessaythatwilldeceivinglysatisfytheteacher.Thesetechniquesincludewritingafascinatingintroduction,usingwordsfrompastvocabularylists,andmakingtheessayappearlongerthanitreallyis.Oncestudentshavedonethesetheycanalsotrytobribetheteacher.Thesearealleffectivemethodstoquicklywriteanessaytheteacherwillthinkissatisfactory.

Example（DifferentFirstSentence）

StudentsoftenwaittothelastminutetocompletetheirEnglishhomeworkassignments.Thereforeitisimportanttoknowsometechniquesthatcanhelpthemwriteaquickessaythatwilldeceivinglysatisfytheteacher.Thesetechniquesincludewritingafascinatingintroduction,usingwordsfrompastvocabularylists,andmakingtheessayappearlongerthanitreallyis.Oncestudentshavedonethesetheycanalsotrytobribetheteacher.Thesearealleffectivemethodstoquicklywriteanessaytheteacherwillthinkissatisfactory.

WritingaSummary

Nomatterwhatformatyouchoosetouse,statingthemainpurposeofthearticleinthefirstcoupleofsentencesisveryimportantifyouwanttowriteasuccessfulsummary.

Afteryouhavewrittenthisyoucantrytowriteasummaryofeachparagraph.Ifthearticleyouaresummarizingiswrittenwellthisshouldbeeasytodo.Itwillbeharderiftheparagraphdoesnothaveagoodtopicsentence.

WritingaSummaryExercise

Nowwearegoingtotakesometimetopracticewritinganothersummaryinclass.Pleaseusethistimewellasitwillbehelpfulinpreparingyouforthefinalexamination.Thisarticleisanarticlethatwasusedinthepastforthedoctoratestudentsexamination.

WritingaSummaryExercise

AltogetherIamgoingtogiveyou25minutestofinishwritingyoursummary.Duringthistimeyouwillneedtodoseveralthings.

Firstyouneedtodeterminewhatyouthinkthemainpurposeofthearticleis.

Afteryouhavedeterminedthemainpurposeyoucanwritethefirstsentenceofyoursummary.

WritingaSummaryExercise

Afteryouhavefinishedwritingthefirstpartofthesummarywhichshouldincludethemainpurpose,youcanbegintowriteabouttherestofthearticle.

Theeasiestwaytodothisistofindthemostimportantinformationfromeachparagraphandwriteaboutthat.

Exercise#1

Youcanbeginwritingasummaryforthearticleonthefirstpageofyourhandout.Note:

Thereisnoinformationaboutthetitleorauthorforthisarticle.

Yourgoalistowriteasummarythatisapproximately130words.

DoctorateStudentsWritingandSpeakingClass

MoreSummarizing

Prepositions

Adjectives/Adverbs

ProcessWriting

MoreSummarizing

LastweektoendtheclassIhadyoubegintowriteasummaryofanarticlerelatedtotheancientOlympicGames.Todaywearegoingtotalkmoreaboutthisarticleandlookatsomeexamplesofsummaries.

WritingaSummary

Usuallytheprocessforwritingasummaryisestablishingthemainpurposeandwritingaboutthisinthefirstsentenceortwo.

Thenyoucanlookateachparagraphandfindthemainideaormostimportantinformationandincludethisinyoursummary.

Thefollowingisanexample:

Exercise#1

FirstIwantyoutogetintogroupsof2-3anddiscusswitheachotherwhatyouthoughtthemainpurposeofthisarticleis.

Thiswillalsohelpusreviewthearticletorememberwhatitwasabout.

Steve’sExampleofaSummary

ThemainpurposeofthisarticleistolookatthehistoryofsomeoftheearliestrecordedOlympicGamesheldinGreece.

FirstSentence:

Inthisarticle,theauthorexplainsthehistoryofsomeoftheearliestrecordedOlympicGamesheldinGreece.

Steve’sExampleofaSummary

SummaryoftheFirstParagraph

ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheseGamesstartedaround1276BCalthoughthefirstchampionwasrecordedin776BC.

SecondandThirdParagraph

InthefirstrecordedGamestherewasonlyoneevent,howeverastimewentondifferenteventswereadded.Longerdistancerunningraceswerefirstaddedandthenothereventslikewrestlingandthepentathlon.TheyevenaddedeventsspecificallyforboysandarmedsoldiersmakingtheGamesasvariedasthatofthemodernOlympics.

FourthandFifthParagraph

Originallythegameswereplayedononedaybutthischangedtofivedays.AnotheraspectoftheGameswasthatwomenwerenotallowedascompetitorsorspectators.ThecompetitorswerealsorestrictedtoGreekswhowerenotprofessionals.Howeveratrendstartedwhereathletesbecamefulltimespecialistswhichhascausedalotofcontroversy.

Inthisarticle,theauthorexplainsthehistoryofsomeoftheearliestrecordedOlympicGamesheldinGreece.ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheseGamesstartedaround1276BCalthoughthefirstchampionwasrecordedin776BC.InthefirstGamestherewasonlyoneevent,howeverastimewentondifferenteventswereadded.Longerdistancerunningraceswerefirstaddedandthenothereventslikewrestlingandthepentathlon.Theyevenaddedeventsspecificallyforboysandarmedsoldiers.Originallythegameswereplayedononedaybutthischangedtofive

days.AnotheraspectoftheGameswasthatwomenwerenotallowedascompetitorsorspectators.ThecompetitorswerealsorestrictedtoGreekswhowerenotprofessionals.Howeveratrendstartedwhereathletesbecamefulltimespecialistswhichhascausedalotofcontroversy.

AnotherNote

AdditionalThoughts

Ifexamplesorminordetailsfillalargeportionofthearticle,doyourbesttotrytoidentifyaprinciplewithintheexamples.Isthereawaybywhichyoucanrepresentthedetailsbymentioninganunderlyingprinciple?

Ifso,writeit.

BecausethisOlympicsarticleisfullofdetailsyoucouldalsosummarizethearticlebywritingaboutthemainprinciplesinsteadofincludingsomeofthedetails.

AnotherPossibleExample

Inthisarticle,theauthorexplainsthehistoryofsomeoftheearli