届高考英语一轮复习单元检测卷及解析牛津版必修5Unit3Scienceandnature1.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习单元检测卷及解析牛津版必修5Unit3Scienceandnature1
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.Allschoolsinourprovince________newEnglishtextbookstoimprovestudents'listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilitiesthreeyearsago.
A.adopted B.admiredC.admittedD.afforded
22.Thepowerthatranthesespinningjennys（纺纱机）waswater,andtheearlyfactories,________，werebuiltwheretherewasasupplyofrunningwater.
A.asaresultofB.asaconsequenceC.asusualD.asfor
23.Icamewiththe________ofstaying,butnowI'vedecidedtoleave.
A.intentionB.attentionC.desireD.expectation
24.—Itisreportedinthelocalnewspaperthatthemurdererwascaughtinasmalltown.
—__________.
A.JusticehaslongarmsB.Onefalsemovemaylosethegame
C.LieshaveshortlegsD.Kingsgomad,andthepeoplesufferforit
【答案】A
【解析】考查谚语。
A项“天网恢恢，疏而不漏”，B项“一着不慎，满盘皆输”；C项“谎言终将要败露”；D项“君王发狂，百姓遭殃”。
所以A项符合语境。
25.Evenifsheis________theproposalnow,wecan'trelyonhersupport;sheisthekindofpersonwhoblowshotandcold.
A.inhonourofB.infaceofC.inneedofD.infavourof
26.Weareonly________gladtodoanythingwecan________her.
A.very;helpingB.very;helpC.too;helpD.too;tohelp
27.Itiscertainthatthebuildingoftheexpresswaywillbe______tothepeople.
A.benefitedB.benefitC.ofbenefitsD.beneficial
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查bebeneficialto的用法，它也可以用beofbenefitto结构替换。
28.—WhatdidyouthinkoftheconcertgivenbythefamousHongKongsinger?
—Notsogood.Infact，it______tobeagreatdisappointment.
A.turnedupB.turnedinC.turneddownD.turnedout
29.—Whydothesephotoslookso______？
—Thefilmwasnot______intherightway.
A.black；washedB.dark；developedC.bad；printedD.wrong；worked
【答案】B
【解析】第一空所填词表示照片质量的好坏；第二空填developed，意思是“冲洗（胶片）”。
30.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas______it.
A.infavourofB.inmemoryofC.inhonourofD.insearchof
31.—DidyoutakepartinMary'sbirthdaypartylastFriday?
—Ihad______to，butoneofmyclassmatescalledonme.
A.admittedB.intendedC.agreedD.promised
32.—Shallwehaveatalkwithherandtrytopersuadehernottoseeamovietonight?
—Thereisno______talkingtoher.Sheneverlistens.
A.goodsB.valueC.pointD.worth
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查固定句型Thereisno______（in）doingsth的用法。
good只适用于It’snogood（in）doingsth句型。
33.Despitebarriersandhardships，they______theresearchoncloningtissues.
A.comeupwithB.catchupwithC.pushaheadwithD.putupwith
34.Soonafterthewar，onefamilywholivedinPennsylvania______meandbroughtmeup.
A.hadadoptedB.adoptedC.wouldadoptD.hasadopted
35.Thetopstudents______attheassemblytodaywereawardedapenandanotebookeach.
A.topraiseB.praisedC.beingpraisedD.tobepraised
【答案】B
【解析】句意：
奖励今天在会议上受到表扬的优秀学生每人一支钢笔和一个笔记本。
根据句子结构可知空处用作定语，又praise与students之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词，所以选B。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ItwasChristmasin1961.Iwasteachinginasmalltownwheremytwenty-seventhirdgraderseagerly__36__thegreatdayofgift-givinginadvance.
Eachdaythechildrenproducedsomenew__37__—stringsofpopcorn，handmadetrinketsandGermanbell.Throughitallsheremainedalone，__38__fromadistance，seeminglymilesaway.Iwonderedwhat__39__happentothisquietchild，oncesohappy，nowsuddenlysowithdrawn.Ihopedthefestivitieswould__40__her.Butnothingdid.Thestudentsmadethefriedmarblesandcompetedwithoneanthertobringthe__41__ones.
Thedayofgift-givingfinallycame.Wecheeredoverourhandiworkasthepresentswere__42__.Allalong，shesatquietlywatching.Toseehersmile，Ihadmadeaspecialbagforher.Sheopeneditsoslowlyandcarefully.Iwaitedbutshe__43__.Ihadnotpassedthroughthewallofisolationshehad__44__aroundherself.
Afterschool，Isatdowninachair，hardly__45__ofwhatwashappening，whenshecametomewithoutstretchedhands，bearingasmallwhitebox，andslightlysoiled，__46__ithadbeenheldmanytimesby__47__，childishhands.Shesaidnothing.“Forme？
”Iasked.Shedidn'tsayaword，but__48__herhead.Itooktheboxandcautiouslyopenedit.Thereinside，glisteninggreen，afriedmarble__49__fromagoldenchain.ThenIlookedintothateight－year－old__50__andsawthequestioninherdarkbrowneyes.Inaflash，Iknew—shehad__51__itforhermother，whohaddiedjustthreeweeksbeforeandwouldneverholdherorbrushherhairor__52__herchildishjoysorsorrows.
ImeantitwhenIwhispered，“Oh，Maria，itissobeautiful.Yourmotherwould__53__it.”Neitherofuscouldstopthe__54__.Shethrewherselfintomyarmsandwewepttogether.Andforthatbriefmoment，Ibecamehermother，forshehadgivenmethegreatest__55__ofall:
hertrustandlove.
36.A.preparedB.reservedC.expectedD.waited
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文可知，学生们在急切地提前为礼物赠送日作准备
37.A.fanciesB.impressionsC.wondersD.possessions
39.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.needed
【答案】A
【解析】would构成过去将来时，意思是“什么事会发生在这个文静孩子的身上”。
40.A.attendtoB.appealtoC.listentoD.objectto
42.A.transformedB.informedC.exchangedD.deserted
【答案】C
【解析】由于是礼物赠送节，自然礼物会相互交换。
43.A.gaveawayB.threwawayC.carriedawayD.turnedaway
44.A.builtB.adjustedC.offeredD.filled
【答案】A
【解析】全句意思是“我没有穿过她在自己周围建起的隔离墙”。
故选built
45.A.afraidB.awareC.contentD.fond
46.A.whenB.whileC.asthoughD.evenif
48.A.noddedB.raisedC.droppedD.turned
【答案】A
【解析】noddedherhead点头，符合题意
49.A.protectedB.hungC.heldD.escaped
【答案】B
【解析】afriedmarblehungfromagoldenchain意思是挂在项链上的油炸弹子。
50.A.faceB.cheekC.hairD.forehead
【答案】A
【解析】从下文的sawthequestioninherdarkbrowneyes可以看出
51.A.boughtB.exchangedC.madeD.stole
【答案】C
【解析】made制作（礼物），意思是“她为她母亲制作的它”
52.A.appreciateB.enjoyC.communicateD.share
54.A.laughB.excitementC.tearsD.description
【答案】C
【解析】从下文Shethrewherselfintomyarmsandwewepttogether可知
55.A.joyB.identityC.contributionD.gift
【答案】D
【解析】全句意思是，“就在那短暂的一刻我成为了她的妈妈，因为她给于我最伟大的礼物：
相信与爱。
”
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Atfirst,theearth'ssurfacelayer（层）wasmadeupofhugeblocksofhard,solidrocks.Thenslowly,theserocksbrokeupintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Finallystones,pebbles（砾石）andgrainsofsandwereformed.Manysortsofplantsandanimalslivedanddiedonthesurfaceoftheearth.Theirremainsmixedupwiththestones,pebblesandformedsoil.Theoutmostlayeroftheearthissoil.
Therearemanywaysinwhichlargepiecesofrockbreakupintosmallerones.Wind,water,heatandcoldhelptobreakuprocks.Whenwindsblowgrainsofsandagainstalargerockforalongtime,thesofterlayersoftherockareslowlywornaway.Theseleaveholesandcracks（裂缝）intherock,whichbecomebiggerandfinallytherockbreaksupintosmallerpieces.
Themovingwaterofstreamsandriversalsohelpstobreakuprocks.Asthewatermovesalong,itcarrieswithsmallpiecesofrock.Theserubthelargerones.Thus,thelargerrocksareworndowntosmallerpieces.
Theheatofthesunisalsohelpfulinbreakinguprocks.Whenthesunshines,therocksbecomeveryhot.Iftheserocksaresuddenlycooled,theymaycrack.Icealsoplaysapartinmakingsoil.Waterinthecrackscanturnintoiceincoldweather.Asthishappens,itbecomesbiggerandthecracksbecomewider,andfinallybreakupintosmallerpieces.
起初，地球的表面都是巨大的岩石，后来，它们逐渐变成了土壤。
这其中的原因是什么？
本文将带你探究其中的奥秘。
56.Accordingtothepassage,soil________.
A.formsveryslowlyB.isamixtureofstones,pebblesandsand
C.makesupthelayersoftheearthD.isbecomingsmallerandsmaller
57.Whichofthefollowingspeedsupthebreaksofrocksmost?
A.Hotweather.B.Coldwater.
C.Sharpchangesintemperature.D.Moredeadplantsinthecracks.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
结合最后一段中的内容可推测温度的急剧变化会加速岩石的碎裂。
58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Theremainsofmanyplantsandanimalscanformsoil.
B.Ifalargerocknevermoves,itwillneverbreakup.
C.Evenifalargerocknevermoves,itwillbreakup.
D.Iceinthecrackshelpstobreakuprocks.
59.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe________.
A.SoilfromrocksB.Waystobreakuprocks
C.SoilontheearthD.Soil,outmostlayeroftheearth
B
Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?
Thelatestresearchindicatesthatmen'sheartsgoingintoarapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagecouldbethecause.
Theresearchofageingonthehearthasshownthatwomen'slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosemuchpumpingpowerwithage.
“Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20percent～25percentbetween20and70yearsofage，”saidtheheadofthestudy,SamanthaofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.
“Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellswhichmakeitbeat.Betweentheagesof20and70,onethirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmen，”saidSamantha.“Thisispartoftheageingprocess.”
Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells.Ahealthy70yearoldwoman'sheartcouldworkalmostasperfectlyasa20yearoldone's.
“Thisgender（性别）differencemightgivethereasonwhymenliveshorterthanwomen，”saidSamantha.Theystudiedover250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof17
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