论《白鲸》中白鲸的象征意义论文(修改后).doc
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OnSymbolismoftheWhiteWhaleinMobyDick
ZhaoCuiting
赵萃婷
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketotakethischancetoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,ShuJingwei,whoisthelecturerintheForeignLanguagesandLiteratureDepartmentforherkindlyassistanceandvaluablesuggestionsduringtheprocessofmythesiswriting.Hiswillingnesstogivehistimesogenerouslyhasbeenverymuchappreciated.
Mygratitudealsoextendstoalltheteacherswhotaughtmeduringmyundergraduateyearsfortheirkindencouragementandpatientinstructions.
Lastbutnottheleast;Iwouldliketooffermyparticularthankstomyfriendsandfamily,fortheirencouragementandsupportforthecompletionofthisthesis.
Firstandforemost,Iappreciatemycountrywhogivesmeacomfortablelearningatmosphere.Second,Iwouldliketoshowmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,ShuJingwei,whohaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withouthisilluminatinginstructionandpatience,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.Iamalsogreatlyindebtedtoallmyteacherswhohavehelpedmetodevelopthefundamentalandessentialacademiccompetence.Mysincereappreciationalsogoestoallmyclassmates,whoaremyproudofmylife.Lastbutnotleast,Iwanttothankallmyfriends,especiallymythreelovelyroommates,fortheirencouragementandsupport.
Thewhitewhalelikesasymbolofthelabyrinth.Fromthepeople,macrofeatures,smallstationaryobjectsalmostalwayshavemultiplelayersofsymbolism.ThispaperbeginswithabriefintroductiontothelifeofMelvilleandhiswritingstyleandcontentofthewhitewhale,pavethewayforthein-depthanalysisofthecontext.Thesecondpart,thewriterfocusonsymbolismfromageneralangleandnarrowangleanalysis,andproposedatheoryofsymbolism,revealingthefunctionofsymbolisminliterature.Thenextthreepartsthewriterhasanin-depthanalysisofthesymbolismofthewhitewhale:
Belugaincarnationofevil,all-powerfulall-knowingGodandnottoresistnature.Finally,thearticlehasoncestressedtheimportanceoftheapplicationofsymbolism
Contents
Abstract（English） i
Abstract（Chinese） ii
Introduction 1
A.IntroductiontoHermanMelville（1819-1891） 3
1.Hisgreatsuccessasawritercanbeattributedtomanyfactors. 3
2.NathanielHawthorneexertsaprofoundinfluenceonhim. 3
3.Hiswritingisconsciouslyliterary. 4
4.Hisstyleishighlysymbolicandmetaphorical. 4
B.IntroductiontoMobyDick 5
1.SymbolismmakesMobyDickagreatsuccess 5
2.HermanMelvillewasthecelebratedauthorofseveralbig19th-centurynovelsaboutthesea. 5
Ⅱ.ExtendedmeaningofMobyDick 6
A.Symbolism 6
1.Symbol 6
2.Symbolism 6
3.FunctionsofSymbolism 7
B.SymbolismofEvil 7
1.TranscendentalismandAnti-transcendentalism 7
2.TheNatureofEvil 7
3.SymbolsofEvil 8
II.SymbolismofGod 8
A.ViewofGodinAnti-transcendentalism 8
B.TheSymbolofGod 9
III.SymbolismofNature 9
A.ViewofNature 9
B.symbolofnature 9
Conclusion 10
Bibliography 11
GraduationThesisofUniversityofScienceandTechnology，LiaoningZhao12
Abstract
HermanMelvillehasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestwritersinAmericanliteratureofthe19thcentury.Thesuccessofthismasterpieceislargelyattributedtoitsadoptionofsymbolism.Inlightofthis,itisbothpenetratingandcomprehensivetostudysymbolismandtoexplorethesymbolicelementsinMobyDicksoastobringaboutadeeperunderstandingoftheauthor'spenetrationintohumanityandliberalism.
Atthebeginningofthethesis,abriefintroductiontotheauthor,HermanMelvilleandMobyDickispresentedsoastopavethewayforfurtherexploration.Inthefollowingpart,thefocusisputontheanalysisofsymbolisminbothbroadsenseandnarrowsense.Itbeginswiththeanalysisofsymbol,whichisanimportantmeansofsymbolism.Furthermore,theoriesconcerningsymbolismareputforward,andintheend,thefunctionsofsymbolisminliteraturearedisplayedtofull.ThenextthreepartsbringthethesistohighlightbyprobingintothesymbolismofMobyDick,thewhitewhale,whostandsforevil,Godandnaturefromdifferentperspectives.ThethesisendswithreiteratingthesignificanceofsymbolismadoptedinMobyDick.
Thewhitewhalelikesasymbolofthelabyrinth.Fromthepeople,macrofeatures,smallstationaryobjectsalmostalwayshavemultiplelayersofsymbolism.ThispaperbeginswithabriefintroductiontothelifeofMelvilleandhiswritingstyleandcontentofthewhitewhale,pavethewayforthein-depthanalysisofthecontext.Thesecondpart,thewriterfocusonsymbolismfromageneralangleandnarrowangleanalysis,andproposedatheoryofsymbolism,revealingthefunctionofsymbolisminliterature.Thenextthreepartsthewriterhasain-depthanalysisofthesymbolismofthewhitewhale:
Belugaincarnationofevil,all-powerfulall-knowingGodandnottoresistnature.Finally,thearticlehasoncestressedtheimportanceoftheapplicationofsymbolism
Keywords:
MobyDicksymbolismevilGodnature
摘要
《白鲸》作者赫尔曼·尔维麦尔被公认为19世纪美国最伟大的作家之一，《白鲸》这部杰作的成功在很大程度上归功于象征主义手法的应用。
鉴于此，笔者认为剖析《白鲸》中的象征主义元素，意义深远，有助于我们更加深入的解读麦尔维尔对于人性和自由主义的理解。
《白鲸》真的给了我很多的启示，你对待他人怎样，他人就会对待你怎样。
你不去招惹别人，别人更不会冒犯你的。
对待什么事物，可以不要过分的认真，当然我是指一些无意义的认真，也许就是那些你所认为的执着会害了你自己。
《白鲸》是一部融戏剧、冒险、哲理、研究于一体的鸿篇巨制。
依托美国资本主义上升时期工业发达、物质进步的时代背景,作者将艺术视角伸向了艰辛险阻、财源丰厚的捕鲸业,以沉郁瑰奇的笔触讲述了亚哈船长指挥下的“裴廓德号”捕鲸船远航追杀白鲸最后与之同归于尽的海洋历险故事。
在与现实生活的相互映照中,作者寓事于理,寄托深意,或讲历史,谈宗教,或赞自然,论哲学,闲聊中透射深刻哲理,平叙中揭示人生真谛,不但为航海、鲸鱼、捕鲸业的科学研究提供了丰富的材料,而且展现了作家对人类文明和命运的独特反思。
难怪这部表面看似杂乱无章、结构松散的皇皇巨著被冠以各种形式的名字:
游记、航海故事、寓言、捕鲸传说、有关鲸鱼与捕鲸业的百科全书、美国史诗、莎士比亚式的悲剧、抒情散文长诗、塞万提斯式的浪漫体小说……它就像一座深邃神奇的艺术迷宫,呈现出异彩纷繁的多维性、开放性和衍生性,具有开掘不尽的恒久艺术价值。
《白鲸》像一座象征主义的迷宫。
这里大到典型人物、宏观景物,小到静止的物体几乎都具有多层次的象征意义。
本文首先简要介绍了麦尔维尔的生平和他的创作风格以及《白鲸》的相关内容，为下文的深入分析铺平道路。
第二部分，笔者着重从广义角度和狭义角度分析了象征主义，并提出了象征主义的相关理论，揭示象征主义在文学创作方面的作用。
接下来三部分笔者深入剖析白鲸的象征意义：
白鲸邪恶的化身、全能全知的上帝及不可反抗的自然。
最后，本文再次强调了象征主义手法的应用的重要性。
关键词：
白鲸象征主义邪恶上帝自然
OnSymbolismoftheWhiteWhaleinMobyDick
Introduction
Iamthenarrator,announceshisintenttoshipaboardawhalingvessel.Hehasmadeseveralvoyagesasasailorbutnoneasawhaler.HetravelstoNewBedford,Massachusetts,wherehestaysinawhalers’inn.Sincetheinnisratherfull,hehastoshareabedwithaharpoonerfromtheSouthPacificnamedQueequeg.AtfirstrepulsedbyQueequeg’sstrangehabitsandshockingappearance（Queequegiscoveredwithtattoos）,Ishmaeleventuallycomestoappreciatetheman’sgenerosityandkindspirit,andthetwodecidetoseekworkonawhalingvesseltogether.TheytakeaferrytoNantucket,thetraditionalcapitalofthewhalingindustry.TheretheysecureberthsonthePequod,asavage-lookingshipadornedwiththebonesandteethofspermwhales.PelegandBildad,thePequod’sQuakerowners,driveahardbargainintermsofsalary.Theyalsomentiontheship’smysteriouscaptain,Ahab,whoisstillrecoveringfromlosinghisleginanencounterwithaspermwhaleonhislastvoyage.
ThePequodleavesNantucketonacoldChristmasDaywithacrewmadeupofmenfrommanydifferentcountriesandraces.Soontheshipisinwarmerwaters,andAhabmakeshisfirstappearanceondeck,balancinggingerlyonhisfalseleg,whichismadefromaspermwhale’sjaw.HeannounceshisdesiretopursueandkillMobyDick,thelegendarygreatwhitewhalewhotookhisleg,becauseheseesthiswhaleastheembodimentofevil.Ahabnailsagolddoubloontothemastanddeclaresthatitwillbetheprizeforthefirstmantosightthewhale.AsthePequodsailstowardthesoutherntipofAfrica,whalesaresightedandunsuccessfullyhunted.Duringthehunt,agroupofmen,noneofwhomanyoneontheship’screwhasseenbeforeonthevoyage,emergesfromthehold.Themen’sleaderisanexotic-lookingmannamedFedallah.ThesemenconstituteAhab’sprivateharpooncrew,smuggledaboardindefianceofBildadandPeleg.AhabhopesthattheirskillsandFedallah’spropheticabilitieswillhelphiminhishuntforMobyDick.
ThePequodroundsAfricaandenterstheIndianOcean.Afewwhalesaresuccessfullycaughtandprocessedfortheiroil.Fromtimetotime,theshipencountersotherwhalingvessels.AhabalwaysdemandsinformationaboutMobyDickfromtheircaptains.Oneoftheships,theJeroboam,carriesGabriel,acrazedprophetwhopredictsdoomforanyonewhothreatensMobyDick.Hispredictionsseemtocarrysomeweight,asthoseaboardhisshipwhohavehuntedthewhalehavemetdisaster.Whiletryingtodraintheoilfromtheheadofacapturedspermwhale,Tashtego,oneofthePequod’sharpooners,fallsintothewhale’svoluminoushead,whichthenripsfreeoftheshipandbeginstosink.QueequegsavesTashtegobydivingintotheoceanandcuttingintotheslowlysinkinghead.
Duringanotherwhalehunt,Pip,thePequod’sblackcabinboy,jumpsfromawhaleboatandisleftbehindinthemiddleoftheocean.Hegoesinsaneastheresultoftheexperienceandbecomesacrazybutpropheticjesterfortheship.Soonafter,thePequodmeetstheSamuelEnderby,whalingshipwhoseskipper,CaptainBoomer,haslostanarminanencounterwithMobyDick.Thetwocaptainsdiscussthewhale;Boomer,happysimplytohavesurvivedhisencounter,cannotunderstandAhab’slustforvengeance.Notlongafter,Queequegfallsillandhastheship’scarpentermakehimacoffininanticipationofhisdeath.Herecovers,however,andthecoffineventuallybecomesthePequod’sreplacementlifebuoy.
AhabordersaharpoonforgedintheexpectationthathewillsoonencounterMobyDick.HebaptizestheharpoonwiththebloodofthePequod’sthreeharpooners.ThePequod
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