Falling of Angel 天使的堕落.docx

Falling of Angel 天使的堕落.docx

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FallingofAngel天使的堕落

FallingofAngel

——ABriefAnalysisofDegenerationoftheMonsterinFrankenstein

Abstract:

FrankensteinisaworldfamousnovelwrittenbyMaryShelly,the19thCenturyEnglishwriter.Itisconsideredasthefirstsciencefictionnovelintheworld.Sinceitspublicationin1818,FrankensteinhasmostlybeenacclaimedandstudiedasaGothicnovel,orasasciencefiction.Inthenovel,thewriterdepictedusatragedyofscientistVictorandthecreaturecreatedbyhim.Inrecentyears,scholarshavealsobeguntoapproachitfrommanyaspects,suchasreligious,feministicorecologicpointsofview，etc.However,thisthesisexploresdegenerationofthemonsterfromakind-heartedangeltoanevildevilbyexternalandinternalcausesofAttributionTheoryofAmericanpsychologistF.Heider,andrevealsitsmodernwarningforpeopleallovertheworld.

Keywords:

Monster,ExternalCause,InternalCause,ModernWarning.

摘要：

世界著名小说《弗兰肯斯坦》是由英国19世纪女作家玛丽·雪莱馔写的。

它被称为世界上第一部科幻小说。

从它1818年出版至今，一直被作为哥特式恐怖小说或者科幻小说而备受瞩目。

在这部小说中，作者描写了科学家维克多及其创造物的命运悲剧。

近年来，学者们从多个角度对其进行解读，如：

宗教，女性文学和生态学等。

然而，本文从美国心理学家海德归因理论的外因和内因两个方面出发，探讨怪物从一心地善良的天使沦为邪恶的魔鬼这一堕落的原因，并揭示其对现世人们的警示意义。

关键字：

怪物，外因，内因，现世的警示

Contents

1.Introduction………………………………………………………….…...1

1.1TheIntroductionofFrankenstein…………………………1

1.2TheIntroductionofAttributionTheoryofAmericanPsychologist

1.3F.Heider……………………………………………….….1

2.ExternalCause…………………………………………………………..2

2.1ABriefIntroductionoftheSufferingsofMonster……………...2

2.1.1Frankenstein…………………………………………….....2

2.1.2FamilyEducation……………………………………….....3

2.1.3SocialNeeds……………………………………………....4

2.1.4LossofAffections………………………………………....5

2.1.5AestheticValue…………………………………………....6

3.InternalCause………………………………………………..…….........7

3.1CharacterdefectsofMonster………………………....................7

3.1.1Compulsion………………………………………......8.

3.1.2Jealousy……………………………………………….....8

4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………….9

Workscited

1.Introduction

1.1TheIntroductionofFrankenstein

FrankensteinisawidelyknownfictionbyMaryShelley,theEnglishfemalewriterin19thcentury.Sinceitsfirstpublicationin1818,ithasalreadybeentranslatedintomorethan100languages.Inrecentyears,FrankensteinbecomesahitinEnglishandAmericanliteraturebecausetherearemanyoperasandfilmseditionsadaptedfromtheoriginalnovel.NowadaysFrankensteinbecomesacommonusewhenitisreferredas“apersonwhocreatessomethingthatbringsabouthisruin”alsoiscalledFrankenstein'smonster“athingthatdestroysitscreator”

ThestorywasplacedinEurope.TheyoungscientistVictorFrankensteindiscoveredthemysteryofhumanbodyandcreatedastrangebeing,anuglymonsterofgiganticstaturebyusingcorpses.However,Victorwassoshocked,disgustfulandunabletoenduretheuglyappearanceofthemonsterafterthebirthofthemonsterthathelefthimwithgreathateandaversion.Sincethen,themonsteralonewalkedintoacomplicatedandcomplexworld,whereofpeoplearoundtheworld,someattackedhim,somethrewstonesandmanyotherkindsofmissileweapons.So,sufferingalotintheworld,themonster,inangeranddespair,begantorevoltandrevengeonhiscreator-victor.Intheend,boththemonsterandhiscreatordiedtogetherafteraseriesoftragedies.

1.2TheIntroductionofAttributionTheoryofAmericanPsychologist

F.Heider

Attributiontheoryisconcernedwiththewaysinwhichpeopleexplainthebehaviorofothers.Itexploreshowindividuals"attribute"causestoeventsandhowthiscognitiveawarenessaffectstheirmotivation.AmericanpsychologistF.HeideristhefounderofAttributionTheory.FromHeider’spointofview,behaviorisdividedintotwotypes:

ExternalCausesandInternalCauses.Allbehaviorsarealltheresultofexternalandinternalcauses.Therefore,thisthesisisgoingtoanalyzethedegenerationofthemonsterbymeansofexternalandinternalcausesinordertomakeamorecompleteandobjectanalysis.

2.ExternalCauses

2.1ABriefIntroductionoftheSufferingsofMonster

Externalcausesmeancausalityisassignedtoanoutsidefactor,agent,orforce,suchasexternalpressures,socialnorms,peerpressure,accidentsoftheenvironment,actsofGod,randomchance,etc.ItisalsocalledSituationalAttribution.

Whenthemonstercameintobirth,hewasaspureasasheetofpaper.Howeverthevariousillsoflifeturnedhimintoacold-heartedandcruelkiller:

hiscreatorabandonedhim;peoplearoundtheworlddiscriminatedandrepelledhim;evensomerewardedhisgoodnessandkindnesswithevil.Finally,themonsterhadnochoicebuttoturntohiscreatorforhelp,hopingthathecreatedafemininecompanionforhimsothathecouldgetridofloneliness.Butthiswishstillcollapsed.Bornintheworldandlivingintheworldshouldbeablessingbutamisfortunetothemonster.Thebigworldbroughtruintohisoncebeautifulexpectations,corruptedtheinnocentsoulofhimandforcedhimtomovetowardswickednessstepbystep.

2.1.1Frankenstein

ThefirstonetoblameforthedegenerationofthemonsteristhescientistVictorFrankenstein.Inordertoresearchscienceandpursuehisdream,Victordecidedtousecorpsestocreateanewlife.

“Asthesmallnessofthepartsformedagreatobstacletomyspeed,Iresolvedtomakethebeingofagiganticstatureabouteightfeetinheight”

However,whenthecreaturemadebyvictorstoodinfrontofhim,whathefeltatthattimewasnotsurpriseandjoy,buthorrorandaversion.ThenVictorlefthimandlethimrunhisowncourse.Whatamiseryitistoanew-bornandlonelycreatureonabrand-newandstrangeworld!

Themonster,whowasbroughttothisworld,knewanddistinguishednothing.Unexpectedly,whatwelcomedhimfirstshouldbehisfather’sabandonment.Everyoneintheworldallneedsfamilies’love,especiallychildren.However,thecreator---thefatherofthemonsterevenhatedhischild,howdootherstreatthemonster?

“Whydidyouformamonstersohorriblethatevenyouturnedfrommeindisgust?

“You,mycreator,abhorme,whathopecanIgatherfromyourfellowcreatures”

Hegavenewlifetothemonster,buthe,asafather,didn’tgivehimgoodconcernlikeanyotherfathers.Instead,itwashethatcruellyputinnocentmonsterintocomplicatedsociety,whereapersonisverylikelytofallintoawrongpath.Withoutfather’scareandfamily’swarmness,itiseasyforthemonstertobeevil.Therefore,thedegenerationofthemonsterhasmuchtodowiththescientistVictorFrankensteinwhogavehimlifebutnevernurturedhim.

2.1.2FamilyEducation

Family,asthefirstclassthataffectsindividualsocialization,playsanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofchildren,particularlyparents’educationandinfluenceonchildren.Familyisthefirstschoolinone’slife,whileparentsarechildren’sfirstteacher.Theyarenotonlyaproviderofmaterialgoodsandmentalsupporttotheirchildren,butalsoarolemodel.Whatparentsdoorsaywillhaveagreatinfluenceontheirchildren.

New-bornlivesareallthesame,butwitheducationbeingconducted,theyaregraduallydifferentfromonetoanother.Somemaybeajudgewhilesomemaybeacriminal.Soitisimportantforchildrentoacceptfamilyeducation.Childrenespeciallyintheformingoftheirmentalareeasilyaffectedbyoutsidefactors.Andthisistherighttimethatparentsperformtheirroles.Iffamilyeducationisnotadequate,correctorevencarriedout,itwillresultinveryseriousresultsforchildren.

Itisthoughtthatbeingintoawrongroad,degenerationandevencrimeofteenagershave

muchtodowiththeirfamilyeducation.Accordingtodistrictpeople’scourt,thecasesofminoroffendersresultingfromthelossoffamilysupervisionandeducationaccountfor70%injuvenilecrime.

Whenthemonstercametotheworld,thewholethoughtofhimiscompletelyblank.And

heisignorantanddulljustlikeapurelynaturalmannotcarvedbyoutsideworld.Heknewnothingabouttheworldhewasin:

hedidn’tknowwhatpeoplesaid,thathowtocommunicatewithothers,howtofillhisbellyandmakeafireandevenforsnow,hehadnoidea,either.Thisisacriticalmomentwhenhisvalues,lifevaluesandworldvaluesextremelyneedtobemouldandguided.However,hisfather—Victordiscardedhim,escapingthedutiesandresponsibilityheshouldbearasafather.Whenthemonsterisbadlyinneedofeducationandguidance,victor,afather,gavehimnotearnestinstructionandshieldandgoodeducationofwarmfamily,butheartlesshatredandabandon,pushinghimintoaworldfulloflure.Itisratherdifficultforthemonster,althoughheisbiggerthanothers,underthiseducationalenvironment,tokeepwhathewasandbefreefromseducement.Naturally,themonsterbehavedfreelyandwantonlywithoutrestraint.Evenifhewasdoingthewrongthings,therewasnoonetotellhimandhelphimtocorrectsothathewasslowlyreducedtobeevil.

2.1.3SocialNeeds

Humanbeingsareunityofnaturalentityandsocialentity.Asanindividualofsocialentity,onehasnotonlyphysiologicalneedsbutalsosocialneeds.Themostfundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsishumansociality,whichdecidesthatmanexistsanddevelopsinthecommunicativepraxisactivities.Societyiscomposedofindividualsandeachindividualbelongstosociety.Societyguaranteesthesurvivalanddevelopmentofindividuals.Noonecanlivealonewithoutsocietyandothers.Thatis,onemustliveintheextensivesocialinteractionnet,fromwhichhecanacquirematerialneedsandspiritualneedsheisinneedofforlife.Therefore,eachindividualhasbothsocialneedsandgroupneeds,hopingtobuildrelationshipwithgroups