(单片机控制直流电机)毕业论文-定稿.doc

(单片机控制直流电机)毕业论文-定稿.doc

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Delegates,staff:

Hello!

intherun-uptotheSpringFestival,weheldonesessionoffourstaffrepresentativesConference2013-workshop,fullbackin2012,carefulanalysisofthecurrentsituation,discuss2013developmentplans.　　Here,onbehalfofmycompany2013workreportstotheGeneralAssembly,forconsideration.　　PillarI,2012backin2012,XXpowercompaniesadheretotheparty's17greatspiritforguidance,comprehensivelyimplementthescientificconceptofdevelopment,promotingcost-leadershipstrategy,standards,focusonimplementation,leanmanagement,continuouslyimprove,smoothpresentsafetysituationofenterprisemanagement,businessmanagementandcontrolscientificandstandardized,andthededicationofstaff,manageaharmoniousanddemocraticatmosphereofthegoodsituation.Mainindicatorsareasfollows:

-thebatteryindicator:

powergenerationtotaled7.815billionkWh,beyondtheannualbudgetimplementationcapacityof315millionkWh,anincreaseof757millionkWh.　　Salestotaled7.425billionkWh,exceedingsalesof330millionkWhtheannualExecutivebudget,anincreaseof729millionkWh.--Securitymeasures:

unplannedoutages2.5times.　　Nopersonalinjuryaccidentoccurred,nomajoraccidentandabove,nomajorfireaccidentswithoutenvironmentalpollutionaccidents,safetyforthreeconsecutiveyearstomaintainstabilitytogoodposture.　　–Businessfinancialindicators:

totalprofitsof255millionYuan,beyondtheannualbudgetof207millionYuan,beyondtheDatangcompanyindex41.89millionYuan,anincreaseof1.76millionYuan,FCMassessmentatgradefour.　　--Energy:

powersupplystandardcoalcompleting312.25g/kWh,down0.1g/kWh;integratedauxiliarypowerconsumptionratioin5.12%,down0.26%;pollutantemissionsperformancegreatlyreducedcomparedtolastyear,carbon0.09g/kWh,sulfurdioxide0.104g/kWhNOx0.512g/kWh;dustremovalefficiencyofmorethan99.8%.--Reliabilityindex:

equivalentavailabilityfactorin93.47%,increased7.95%fromayearearlier.　　Equivalentforcedoutagerate0.08%,0.16%reductionoverthesameperiodayearearlier.　　Majorachievements:

first,weshouldadheretothetwo"managementsystem"basis,strengtheningtechnologicalresearch,strengthenhiddenhazardscontrolandintrinsicsafetyEnterpriseconstructiontooknewsteps.-Thetwo"managementsystem"forimprovement.Focusonpromotingthepowerofthecompanymanagementsystemandtheapplicationandimplementationofthesafetyloopfive-starmanagementsystem,improvethesafetymanagementsystem,realizethesystemofsafetycontrol.Furtherregulatesecurityroutines,safetysupervisionandmanagementnetworkroletoplaytoachieveclosed-loop.Strengtheningthesupervisionandmanagementofhabitualviolationof,strengtheningthesafetysupervisionofoutsourcingcontractors.Carriedoutinspringandautumnofsecurityinspections,floodcontrolandinspection,safetyproductionmonth,daysupervisionofproductionsafetyandtheOlympicGamesandother中国地质大学毕业设计（论文）

原创性声明

本人呈交的毕业论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。

尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本毕业论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的内容。

对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确的方式标明。

本毕业论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。

本人签名：

日期：

摘要

当今，自动化控制系统已经广泛的应用在了各行各业，并取得了长足的发展，而直流电机控制作为电气传动的主流在现代化生产中起着十分主要作用。

长期以来，直流电动机因其转速调节灵活，方法简便，易于大范围平滑调速，控制性能好等优点，一直在传动领域占有领军地位。

它广泛应用于工业机器人、数控机床等工厂自动化生产中。

并随着现代化生产规模的不断扩大，各个行业对直流电机的需求日益增加的同时对其性能提出了更高的要求。

为此，研究并制造性能好、可靠性高的直流电机控制系统有着十分重要和深远的意义。

本文设计开发了一套基于单片机的直流电机多速控制器，作为其配套的试验装置。

论文根据系统的要求完成了整体方案设计和系统选型，针对所设计的控制方案对控制系统的软、硬件设计作了详细论述。

硬件部分先作了整体设计，然后介绍了以STC89C52单片机为核心的硬件构成，对键盘电路、串行通信电路、测量电路、D/A转换电路和显示电路等作了详细阐述;软件部分采用模块化设计思想，编制了各个模块的流程图。

论述了软件的设计思想和方法;实现了对直流电动机转动参数的设置、启动、停止、加速、减速和显示等功能。

利用STC89C52芯片进行低成本直流电动机控制系统的设计，能够简化系统构成、降低系统成本、增强系统性能、满足更多应用场合的需要。

针对直流电机运行环境恶劣、干扰严重的特点，从系统的硬件设计、软件设计等多方面进行抗干扰的综合考虑，并利用多种软件和硬件技术来提高和改善系统的抗干扰能力，有效地提高了系统的可靠性和实用性。

运行结果表明，系统实现了电机的高精度多速度控制，达到了性能指标要求。

关键词：

直流电机单片机多速控制

ABSTRACT

Nowadays，automaticcontrolsystemshavebeenwidelyusedanddevelopedineveryaspectoflife.Asthearteryintheareaofelectricdrivesystems,DCdriversbecomemoreandmoreimportantmodernproduction.Foralongtime,DCmotorhaspossessedthemainroleintheareaofelectricdrivebecauseofitsneatlyadjustment,simplemethodandsmoothtiminginawiderange,besides,itscontrolperformanceisexcellent.DCmotoriswidelyusedontheautomaticequipments,suchasCNCandindustrialrobot.Asthescaleofproductionbecomeslargerandlargerthedemandandrequirementsbecomehigherandhigher,sotheresearchonimprovingtheDCcontrollingsystembehaviorhasimportantsense.

ThispapersystemofDCmotormultiplespeedsbasedonSTCMCUisdesigned,asitsnecessarytestequipment.Itfinishedthetotalprojectdesignofsystemandmodelselection.Thehardwareandsoftwaredesignofthesystemaccordingtotheprecedingsolutionsarediscusseddetailed.Forthehardwarepartafteradissertationonthewholedesign，thecorehardwareofthecontrolsystemistheSTCMCU,thepaperintroducedthedetailsofsomehardwareproblem，includinginputcircuitofkeyboard，serialcommunicationcircuit,measurecircuit,D/Aswitchingcircuitanddisplaycircuitandsoon.Themethodofsoftwareplanningforitisalsodiscussed.Forthesoftwarepart，withtheintroductionofmodulardesignconceptsomeprocedureflowchartsofmainprogramsubroutineareoffered.Thepaperdesignsthesoftwarewhichachievesthefunctions，suchasinstallparameters,downloadparameters，startupstopaccelerateanddecelerate.ThisnewfamilyofSTCenablescost--effectivedesignofcontrollersforDCmotorswhichcanfulfillmoreconditions，consistingofFewersystemcomponents,lowersystemcostandincreasedperformances.

Aimingatthecharacteristicofbedenvironmentandseriousdisturbance，manyKindsofsoftwareandhardwaretechnologyareappliedtoimprovesystematicAnti--interferenceability，whichcomprehensivelyimprovesystematicdependabilityandpracticability.  

Ithasbeenprovedbyexperimentsthatthissystemcanmakethehighpreciseandmultiplespeedmotorcontrolcometrue.Steppingouttheperformanceindexisrealized.Nowthissystemhasbeenputintoexperiment.     

Keyword:

DCMotorMCUMultipleSpeed

目录

1引言 1

1.1电机的研究意义 1

1.2设计方案 1

2供电模块的设计 2

2.1集成直流稳压电源芯片LM7805的介绍 2

2.2供电模块的构成 2

2.3滤波电容的选择 3

3.189C52单片机的介绍 4

3.289C52的主要特性和结构特点 4

3.389C52的IO口介绍 4

3.4晶振电路 6

3.5复位电路 7

4键盘输入模块的设计 8

4.1键盘的电路及原理 8

5显示模块的设计 9

5.1数码管及二极管的电路及原理 9

5.274HC573的介绍 9

5.3CD4511的介绍 11

6直流电机控制模块的设计 13

6.1直流电机的介绍 13

6.2比例运算放大电路的介绍 13

6.2.1反相比例运算 13

6.2.2反相加法运算 14

6.3集成运算放大器LM324 15

6.4数模转换器DAC0832 16

6.5直流电机的转速控制 17

7系统软件设计 18

7.1开发环境介绍 18

7.2系统主程序流程图 18

7.3系统运行过程 19

7.4实物实现及所遇困难 20

结束语 21

致谢 22

参考文献 23

附录 24

主要介绍的是永磁直流电动机；首先简述了永磁电机、永磁直流电动机从产生到到逐步改善的发展过程，以及以此为基础的未来发展的趋势；activities,comprehensiveandtampingSafetyFoundation...Troubleshooting,managementmechanism,givefullplaytoroleoftechnicalsupervisionandrealizationoftroubleshooting,management,improvedprocessmanagement.Thisyearcompletedtheboilerlowerheaderleakage,boilerpressure,amajorriskmanagement,completed29ofgreatrisksand3Generalproblemsofgovernance.Completechemistrylabconstruction,thermalcontrol,andcompletetheboilerscaleintegratedmanagement,hostshaftingvibrationof10scientificandtechnologicalprojects,suchas.　　Completesupercritical630MWon-linesimulationsystemdevelopmentandapplicationofcirculatingwaterMCCstandbypowertransformation,thetransformationofdesulfurizationwastewater,theunitwatersupplysystemofcomprehensivetreatmentanddischargevalvemodificationofcoalmill5keytechnologicaltransformationprojects,grouphealthisimproved.--Scienceandtechnologyinnovationisfurtherincreased.Strengthenthecharacteristicsofsupercriticalunitmajorissues,graduallyclearingtheparticularityofsupercriticalunitandregularity.Developedmotoroiltimemanagement,switchactiontimes,statistics,coal-aidedmeasurementsoftware,improvestheproductionlevelofleanmanagement.Increasedinvestmentinscienceandtechnology,reportingscienceandtechnologyprojectsand14technicalprojecttotalcostpercentageofthetotalannualproductionoutputof0.25%."Large-scalecoal-firedpowerplantfluegasdesulfurization,denitrificationcompletedevelopmentandapplicationofkeytechnologies"project,wonthenationalscienceandtechnologyprogresssecondprize.630MWsupercriticalunitsoptimizedcontrolstrategiesandthe630MWdevelopmentandapplicationofon-linesimulationsystemforsupercriticalunits,supercritical600MWunitsofturbinedrivenboilerfeedpumpsetofcomprehensivetreatmentofdefectsDatangtechnologyrespectivelyoneortwoandthird.　　Meanwhile,informationtechnologyachievements,thecompanywasnamed"Chinapowerinformationtechnologybenchmarkingenterprises."--Repairandmaintenancehasimprovedfurther.Modifytheinspectionstandardsandstandardsonaregularbasis,standardizingworkprocedures,checkingandinspectionproject.DeepeningtheBFS++system,andimplementsmaintenanceinformationshared.ReorganizingRBlogicagain,andensurethesuccessoftheRB.Innovatingthemechanismofmaintenancemanagement,implementedaprojectmanagersystem.Successfulcompletionoftwoautonomousmaintenance,reliabilityimprovedsteadily.Implementingtwoc-levelmaintenance,projectthemselves48.7%and42.3%,respectively.AccomplishtwocirculatingpumpsrepairandoverhauloffourMills,maintenanceteamstogetexercise.　　Promotetheworkofenergysavingandconsumptionreducing,completetheunitenergyconsumptiondiagnosis,plantwaterbalance