英美文学选读自学笔记37页1文档格式.docx
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Period
LifeTime
Name
CNName
Writings
CNWritings
TheRomanticperiod
1782-1859
WashingtonIrving
华盛顿.欧文
TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.
TheLegendofSleepHollow
RipVanWinkle
见闻札记
睡谷传奇
瑞普.凡.温克尔
RalphWaldoEmerson
拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生
Nature
TheAmericanScholar
Self-Reliance
TheOversoul
论自然
论美国学者
论自助
论超灵
NathanielHawthorne
纳萨尼尔.霍桑
TheScarletLetter
TheHouseoftheSevenGables
YoungGoodmanBrown
红字
七个尖角阁的房子
年轻人古德蒙.布朗
WaltWhitman
华尔特.惠特曼
LeavesofGrass
DemocraticVistas
ThereWasaChildWentForth
CavalryCrossingaFord
SongofMyself
草叶集
名主展望
有个天天向前走的孩子
骑兵过河
自我之歌
HermanMelville
赫尔曼.麦尔维尔
Bartleby,TheScrivner
TheConfidenceMan
BillyBudd
MobyDick
巴特尔比
自信者
比利.巴德
莫比.迪克
MarkTwain
马克.吐温
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer
AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt
汤姆.索亚历险记
哈克贝利.费恩历险记
亚瑟王朝中的康涅狄格北方佬
HenryJames
亨利.詹姆斯
TheAmerican
ThePortraitofaLady
TheTurnoftheScrew
TheWingoftheDove
DaisyMiller
美国人
贵妇画像
拧紧螺丝
鸽翼
黛西.米勒
EmilyDickinson
艾米莉.狄金森
IDiedforBeauty—butWasScarce
ApparentlywithNoSurprise
TellAlltheTruthbutTellitSlant
Thisismylettertotheworld
IHeardaFlyBuzzWhenIDied
IliketoseeitlaptheMiles
BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath
我为美而死,但还未….
显然没有惊奇
说出所有的真理,但切莫直言
这是我写给世界的信
当我死的时候,我听到苍蝇在嗡嗡叫
我爱看它舔食一哩又一哩
因为我不能停步等候死神
TheodoreDreiser
西奥多.德莱塞
TheFinancier
TheTitan
AnAmericanTragedy
TheStoic
SisterCarrie
金融家
巨人
美国的悲剧
斯多噶
嘉莉妹妹
EzraPound
埃兹拉.庞德
HughSelwynMauberley
TheCantos
InaStationoftheMetro
TheRiver-Merchant’sWife:
ALetter
APact
休.赛尔温.莫伯利
诗章
在地铁车站
河商的妻子
合同
RobertLeeFrost
罗伯特.弗罗斯特
ABoy’sWill
NorthofBoston
MountainInterval
NewHampshire
AfterApple-Picking
TheRoadNotTaken
StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening
一个男孩的意愿
波斯顿以北
山间低地
新罕布什尔
摘苹果之后
没有走的路
雪夜林边驻脚
EugeneO’Neil
尤金.奥尼尔
BeyondtheHorizon
TheEmperorJones
TheIcemanCometh
LongDay’sJourneyintoNight
TheHairyApe
天边外
琼斯皇帝
送冰的人来了
长夜漫漫路迢迢
毛猿
F.ScottFitzgerald
弗.斯科特.菲茨杰拉德
ThisSideofParadise
TenderIstheNight
TheGreatGatsby
人间天堂
夜色温柔
了不起的盖茨比
Englishliterature
IOldEnglishLiterature----(450—1066)
twogroups:
religious–-onbiblicalthemes----<
TheDreamoftheRood>
Secular----heroicage----<
Beowulf>
---aprotectorofpeople,fightagainstthenature.
IIMedievalperiod---(1066---14thCentury)
Fame:
1066Normanconquest----threechanges—feudalismsystemestablished(politically)
---CatholicChurch(Religiously)
---French,Latin,English(co-existedlanguage)
IncomparisonwitholdEnglishliterature:
(1)widerrangeofsubjects
(2)themesconcernedwiththepersonalsalvation(3)romancelove(4)thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward‘Theepicreflectsaheroicage,theromancereflectsachivalricone’骑士
Chaucer:
1titles:
theEnglishHomer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry(from<
TheCanterburyTales>
),
2verse:
<
firstuse'
heroiccouplet'
realisticpictureofhistime,vividcharactersfromallworksofhislife,thecharactersarebothtypicalandindividual,hisideasistopursueearthlyhappiness,opposedasceticism禁欲主义,advocatehumanism,replacealliterativeversewithrhymedstanzas(古英语的押头韵变成中世纪的押尾韵)
TheLegendofGoodWomen>
firstuserhymed'
TheRomauntoftheRose>
octosyllabic八音节诗
3.novel:
TroilusandCriseyde>
thefirstmodernnovel.
IIIRenaissance(14th—17th)
①movefromfeudalistideastotheinterestofrisingbourgeoisie.
②recoverfromcorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurchtothepurityoftheearthlychurch.
England:
thereignofHenryVIII-----England‘sGoldenAgeinliterature
-----BiblesinEnglishinsteadofLatinreadableforcommonpeople
--------literarygiants:
Shakespeare,Spenser,JonsonSidney,Marlowe,Bacon,andDonne
ThetimeofTudos----changemonasteries修道院intoschoolsanduniversities------theEnglishRenaissanceflourishing
-------firstintroducedprintingintoEnglandandtranslatedbooksinEnglish(byWilliamCaxton)
Traitsofhumanisticpoetry:
meter,rhyme,scheme,imageryandargumentshouldbecombinedtoframetheemotionaltheme.Poetrywastobeaconcentratedexerciseofthemind,ifcraftsmanshipandoflearning.
Themostfamousdramatists:
Shakesperar,BenJonson,andMarlowe
Writers:
Wyatt(introducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland)
Surrey(broughtinblankverse)
Sidney(broughtinsestinaandterzarima)
Marlowe(broughtmightylinestotheblankverse)
Spenser(pastoralconvention)
JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert(metaphysicalpoets)
FrancisBacon(thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland)
IEdmundSpensor
Fame:
SpenserianStanza,thepoet’spoet(他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”,他被称为“诗人中之诗人”)
选读<
TheFaerieQueene>
(Poem)
contains12books,speaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,eachofwhichtellsaknight.Arthur—theherosofheros---playsaroleineachofthe12majoradventures,serveasaunifyingelement.Thethemeis‘FierceWaresandfaithfulloves’.
TheknightheresymbolizedtheChurch(Anglican),istheprotectorofUna(theVirgin).Unastandsforthetruereligion.
QualitiesofSpensor’spoetry:
1.aperfectmelody(musicsense)2.araresenseofbeauty3.asplendidimagination4.aloftymoralpurityandseriousness.5.adedicatedidealism
II.ChristopherMarlowe
beregardedas‘UniversityWits’.Perfectedtheblankverse,broughtstrongemotionintotheblankverse.HecreatedtheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition.(buthisverseisnotstrongindramaticconstructionandwomen‘scharactersareratherpale)
Plays:
Tamburlaine>
(thenameofanambitiousancientemperor.Herosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringkingthroughhisowneffort.Bydepictingsuchagreatking,MarlowvoicedthedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.)
Dr.Faustus>
(Faustusislongingforknowledgeandfinallysellshissoulstotheevil.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness)
<
TheJewofMalta>
EdwardII>
Poetry:
thePassionateShepherdtoHisLove>
(Itdeprivesfromthepastoraltradition,inwhichtheshepherdenjoysanidealcountrylife,cherishingapureaffectionforhislove.)
HeroandLeander>
III.WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)
Background:
frommerchant’sfamily.父亲是个当地镇里的多面手,有点名气。
他的戏剧分早期、中期,中晚期和晚期。
(I,II,III,IV).他的作品很多,影响很大。
T:
I.Fivehistoryplaysandfourcomedies.
历史剧‘HenryVI,PartsI,II’(Itrevealsatroubledreigninthe15thcentury,ShakespearesmountedoverthelossofEnglishterritoriesinFrance.HecondemnstheWaroftheRoses,inwhichinnocentpeoplewerekilled)
II.Fivehistoryplays,sixcomediesandtwotragedies
喜剧:
TheMerchantofVenice>
(anoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,praisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroine.,andShylockasanevilfigure)
AMidsummerNight’sDream>
TwelfthNight>
TheMerryWivesofWindsor>
MuchAdoAboutNothing>
asYoulikeit>
)
悲剧:
RomeoandJuliet>
(eulogizesthefaithfulnessofloveandspiritofpursuinghappiness,thoughatragedy,ispermeatedwithoptimisticspirit),<
JuliusCaesar>
III.Hisgreatestfourtragedies(eachofthecharacters’sfatesiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Eachofthemhashisweaknessofnature.)<
Hamlet>
KingLear>
Othello>
Macbeth>
(thefirstofthegreatesttragedies,mostpopularplayonthestage.Ithasthequalitiesofa‘blood–and–thunder’thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath.Hamletisamelancholic优柔寡断prince,whoistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofrevenger.Shakespearescondemnsthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionattheroyalcourt)
(theoldKingLearsuffersformtreachery背叛andinfidelity不忠)
(Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce)
(Macbeth‘slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoendlesscrimes.)
twodarkcomedies(<
All’sWellThatEndsWell>
MeasureforMeasure>
IV.Romantictragicomedies:
TheTempest>
(thebestofhisfinalromances,itisatypicalexampleofShakespeare‘spessimisticviewtowardhumanlifeandsocietyinhislateyears.Hewishestosolvetheconflictbydreamsandsupernaturalpower).
TheWinters’Tale>
<
Pericles>
<
Cymbeline>
Twofinalplays:
HenryVIII,TheTwoNobleKinsmen.
Poems
longnarrativepoems:
VenusandAdonis>
<
TheRapeofLucrece>
.
Sequenceof154sonnets:
选读<
Sonnet18>
(Shakeshasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetryinpoetrycanlastforever.艺术的美常存)
艺术特征
人物塑造
1.Heemployssoliloquies独白inhisplaystofullyrevealtheinnerconflictofhischaracters.
2.Heportr