0803上海外语口译考试高级口译笔试真题Word文件下载.docx
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Theresearch,ledbyCarloBrown,MD,attheUniversityofSiena,ispublishedintheArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,_______（6）thestudy.Nonereceivedanytypeofanesthesia;
thechildrenandtheirmothers_______（7）.
Boththegroupwhosemothersattemptedtodistractthemfromthebloodtestsandthosewhosemotherssimplyobservedreported_______（8）thanthegroupwhowatchedcartoons.Forthatgroup,thelevelsofpainwerelessandthechildrenwerebetterableto_______（9）.
Oneofthepossibleexplanationsisthatchildrenmighthave_______（10）duringtheprocedures,exacerbatingtheirperceptionofpain."
Thehigherpainlevelreportedbychildrenduring_______（11）showsthedifficultymothershaveininteractingpositively_______（12）intheirchildren'
slife,"
theauthorswrite.
However,theystressedthat_______（13）stillprovidedbenefits,notingthatthechildrenwould_______（14）duringtheprocedures."
Indeed,childrenstatethathavingtheirparentpresent_______（15）wheninpain,"
saytheauthors.
Anotherpossibilityofferedforconsiderationisthenotionthatthe_______（16）mightreleasepain-quellingendorphins.Endorphins,_______（17）producedbythepituitarygland,resembleopiatesintheirabilitytoproduceanalgesiaandasenseofwell-being.Inotherwords,theymight_______（18）.
Inanycase,thestudyresultssuggestthathealthworkersshould_______（19）towatchtelevisionduringpainfulprocedures_______（20）.
PartB:
ListeningComprehension
Inthispartofthetesttherewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thetalks,conversationsandquestionswillbespokenONLYONCE.NowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.
1.（A）AchangeinFrencheatinghabits.
（B）Aboominlong-hourmealsinFrance.
（C）Theoriginofhamburgers.
（D）Thehomeofthesit-downmid-daymeal.
2.（A）Avariationinfoodsupply.
（B）Achangeintheworkforce.
（C）Ariseinfoodprices.
（D）Afallinwhite-collarization.
3.（A）Bakeriesnowofferalimitedrangeofalbeitexcellentproducts.
（B）Thereareaboutfourkindsofbread,breakfastanddessertpastries.
（C）Bakeriessellsandwichesmainlyintheworking-classareas.
（D）Franceiscurrentlywitnessingaboominsandwichbusiness.
4.（A）MenusuallyliketoeatmorehamburgersthanwomendoinFrance.
（B）Men,morelikelytobeworkingbehindajackhammer,needtoeatsomuch.
（C）WomenmakeupalmosthalfthelaborforceinFrancenow.
（D）Womenhavetopickupthechildrenlatefromtheday-carecenter.
5.（A）BecausethebakerieshaveadaptedtheideaoffastfoodandmadeitFrenchproducts.
（B）Becausethebakerieshaveofferedsomethingthat'
sveryclosetowhatiscalledfastfood.
（C）Becausethehamburgershavehamandbutterinthem.
（D）BecausethehamburgersdonotcostsomuchasthoseofferedbyMcDonald.
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingnews.
6.（A）Three.
（B）Four.
（C）Eleven.
（D）Eighteen
7.（A）TointensifyTokyo'
sroleinpeacekeepingmissionsabroad.
（B）Tostopthecountry'
sairforcetransportmissioninIraq.
（C）Tooverridethelowerhouse'
sdecision.
（D）ToapprovetheDemocraticParty'
sbilltocontinuethemission.
8.（A）Worseningwaterscarcity.
（B）Increasingrisksofdiseases.
（C）Triggeringmassdisplacement.
（D）ReducingthepopulationinAsia.
9.（A）Toresumepeacetalkswhichhavebeenhaltedforalongtime.
（B）Toforgeandsignapeacetreatypledgedbybothsides.
（C）Todispelhisskepticismoverchancesforadealbeforeheleavesoffice.
（D）Toopena44-nationconferenceovertheMiddleEastissue.
10.（A）60%.
（B）26%.
（C）21%.
（D）20%.
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowinginterview.11.
（A）Whattodotocontrolcrime.
（B）Whatrolealawyerplaysinacourtcase.
（C）Howtotellahardenedcriminalfromafirst-timeoffender.
（D）Howtoconvictacriminalandputhiminprison.
12.（A）Deterrence.
（B）Quickconviction.
（C）Thesocialstructure.
（D）Theeconomy.
13.（A）Educationprogramsarenotsoeffectiveasrequired.
（B）Drugtreatmentprogramsareinsufficientlyfunded.
（C）Somerehabilitationprogramsinsideprisonshavebeenstopped.
（D）Morepeopleareconvictedthanprisonspacecanaccommodate.
14.（A）Theseprogramsaremainlyintendedforthekingpinsofdrugdealstogetrehabilitated.
（B）Theseprogramsarecurrentlycarriedoutinmoststatesinthecountry.
（C）Theseprogramsaimtodevelopacultureinsidetheprisons.
（D）Theseprogramshavepsychologicalandeducationalcomponents.
15.（A）Becausegangsstartinprisonsandmakeprisonarepressiveexperience.
（B）Becausecriminalstendtoberepeatoffenders.
（C）Becausethereisnostigmaattachedtomostcriminals.
（D）Becausesocietydoesn'
tlookatreleasedprisonerswithdisdain.
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingtalk.
16.（A）Howtointeractwithcolleaguesandclientsfacetoface.
（B）Howtomakeeffectivetelephoneconversations.
（C）Whatskillsareneededtogetandholddownajob.
（D）Whatmakesforanexcellentabilitytoexpressyourself.
17.（A）Managerial.
（B）Technological.
（C）Financial.
（D）Social.
18.（A）Basictoadvancedknowledgeofcomputerapplication.
（B）Abilitytocalculatealltransactions,profitsandcosts.
（C）Creativityinmakingpresentationstoclients.
（D）Proficiencyinatleastoneforeignlanguage.
19.（A）Tocreateyourowndatabasesonthecomputer.
（B）Toenhanceyoursocialskillsbyholdingpartieswithyourfriends.
（C）Tousethecomputerinfreetimeandbecomefamiliarwithitsoperation.
（D）Tostoreasmanytelephonenumbersandaddressesasyoucan.
20.（A）Graduatingstudents.
（B）Traineemanagers.
（C）Professionalsecretaries.
（D）Low-leveladministrativestaff.
SECTION2:
READINGTEST（30miniutes）
Inthissectionyouwillreadseveralpassages.Eachoneisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,（A）,（B）,（C）or（D）,toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.
Question1-5
Lifeexpectancyintherichestcountriesoftheworldnowexceedsthepoorestbymorethan30years,figuresshow.Thegapiswideningacrosstheworld,withWesterncountriesandthegrowingeconomiesofLatinAmericaandtheFarEastadvancingmorerapidlythanAfricaandthecountriesoftheformerSovietUnion.AveragelifeexpectancyinBritainandsimilarcountriesoftheOECDwas78.8in2000-05,anincreaseofmorethansevenyearssince1970-75andalmost30yearsoverthepastcentury.Insub-SaharanAfrica,lifeexpectancyhasincreasedbyjustfourmonthssince1970,to46.1years.Narrowingthis"
healthgap"
willinvolvegoingbeyondtheimmediatecausesofdisease—poverty,poorsanitationandinfection—totacklethe"
causesofthecauses"
—thesocialhierarchiesinwhichpeoplelive,saysthereportpublishedbytheGlobalCommissionontheSocialDeterminantsofHealthestablishedbytheWHOin2005.
ProfessorSirMichaelMarmot,chairmanofthecommission,whofirstcoinedtheterm"
statussyndrome"
saidsocialstatuswasthekeytotacklinghealthinequalitiesworldwide.Inthe1980s,inaseriesofground-breakingstudiesamongWhitehallcivilservants,ProfessorMarmotshowedthattheriskofdeathamongthoseonthelowerrungsofthecareerladderwasfourtimeshigherthanthoseatthetop,andthatthedifferencewaslinkedwiththedegreeofcontroltheindividualshadovertheirlives.
Hesaidyesterdaythatthesameruleappliedinpoorercountries.Ifpeopleincreasedtheirstatusandgainedmorecontrolovertheirlivestheyimprovedtheirhealthbecausetheywerelessvulnerabletotheeconomicandenvironmentalthreats."
Whenpeoplethinkaboutthoseinpoorcountriestheytendtothinkaboutpoverty,lackofhousing,sanitationandexposuretoinfectiousdisease.Butthereisanotherissue,thesocialgradientinhealthwhichIcalledstatussyndrome.Itisnotjustthoseatthebottomofthehierarchywhohaveworsehealth;
itisallthewayalongthescale.Thosesecondfromthebottomhaveworsehealththanthoseabovethembutbetterhealththanthosebelow."
Theinterimreportofthecommission,intheonlineeditionofTheLancet,saystheeffectsofstatussyndromeextendfromthebottomtothetopofthehierarchy,withSwedishadultsholdingaPhDhavingalowerdeathratethanthosewithamaster'
sdegree.Thestudysays:
"
Thegradientisaworldwideoccurrence,seeninlow-income,middle-incomeandhigh-incomecountries.Itmeans
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