数字化成图实习报告剖析Word格式.docx

数字化成图实习报告剖析Word格式.docx

《数字化成图实习报告剖析Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《数字化成图实习报告剖析Word格式.docx（35页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

2）掌握导线的观测方法和计算方法；

3）了解全站仪测土的基本方法和测图过程；

4）掌握数字测图的基本要求和成图过程，掌握大比例尺数字测图方法和数字成图软禁的使用。

五、实习内容

碎步测量和Cass数字化成图

六、实习步骤

（一）碎步测量

测量步骤

首先建立控制点和碎步点文件，在控制点假设全站仪，棱镜放到与其邻近的控制点，在全站仪上输入测站坐标（采用调用的方式），然后调用后视点的坐标，瞄准棱镜，输入仪器高和棱镜高，进行检核和定向。

一切满足精度后，进行碎步测量；

棱镜杆放在所测的点上，用全站仪测量碎步点的坐标和高程，草图人员跟着扶尺人员绘制工作草图，在工作草图上记录地形要素名称，碎步点的连接关系。

地物地貌特征点的选取

地物特征点主要是房角点，公路的转点，花坛的边界点、适当密度的高程注记点，在圆弧处适当多选取几点

地貌特征点主要是山脊线和山谷线，在山谷线和山脊线上适当选取多点，然后再山的两面按照10——15m的距离选取一定的碎步点

碎步测量中遇到的技术问题及处理方法

在遇到一些测不了的点时，采用支导线的方法解决，

测量房屋的房角点时，有时只能测量房屋的两个房角点，用支导线又太麻烦，采用卷尺量取房屋的宽度和长度，这样减少了工作量

在导入数据的时候，出现导入数据的格式不对，在几台电脑上导入数据（所有的参数都正确的前提下）都不成功的前提下，各组先是讨论问题，然后问老师出现的问题的原因，最后只得在一定的时间测完后到老师办公室导数据。

测量地物时，在山头上选取碎步点的间距不清楚应该是多少，主动问老师解决问题（是10——15m）

在测量碎步点定向检核时出现了测量的坐标与输入的坐标差了太多，先是检查后视点的点位是否正确，如果正确再检查测站点的坐标调用是否正确，如果都不正确的话，让扶尺的人将尺子扶正。

（二）GPS定位

（1）静态测量

作业过程

（1）架设基准站

将基准站GPS接收机安置在开阔的地方，架设电台和天线。

启动基准站，并建立一个新的工程。

（2）启动基准站

显示连接接收机后，输入基准站所在控制点的名称、天线高度。

（2）动态测量

（三）碎步测量

地物特征点主要是房角点，公路的转点，花坛的边界点、适当密度的高程注记点，在圆弧处适当多选取几点

在进行碎部点采集时往往会遇到一些特殊情况。

对于比较复杂的地方通视一定不好，也许将棱镜举高能采到点，若就几个点还行，点多时这么采点测出的地物一定偏差很大，因此就应该找一个视野开阔的地方支一站过去再测，这样往往会事半功倍。

当对多点房屋进行采点时，有时一些拐角会被挡住，同时支站过去测有没意义，此时应在此拐角一边延长线上的某处采一点，在用钢尺量出此处到拐角的距离并及时标注到草图上。

对于一些电杆、通信杆、路灯等地物棱镜无法放置正中，此时采点时应该采用偏心去采;

对于一些直径较大的烟囱、广告牌等应该在其外围采集三个点。

有时会遇到些家中长期无人在家，工厂长期关门，跑镜员无法进去摆棱镜的情况，此时应在两个测站上对其一个拐角进行水平角测量，使用方向交汇的方法交出其拐角点。

对于钢尺无法去量距时应用测距仪去测距。

此外在采集碎部点的同时要按规定将高程点进行采集，直接在编号前加上一个字母以示区别就行了。

在采集细部点的同时，应在采集数据的现场，实时绘制测站草图。

草图内容包括：

测站点点号，细部点编号及属性，地物、地形、地貌轮廓，本测站起止细部点编号，测量时间，草图绘制人员。

只要绘制好测站草图，才有利于内业电子成图及查图。

草图应列入上交资料。

每天测完后要及时将全站仪中的坐标数据与CASS软件直接通讯到微机中，与控制点一并展绘。

（四）数字化成图

我们测得的数据如下：

0000,,3005.000,3005.000,50.000

0001,,3000.000,3000.000,50.000

0002,,2979.260,3030.912,49.636

0003,,2987.354,3012.726,49.764

0004,,2991.005,3004.712,49.903

0005,,2988.639,3001.979,49.979

0006,,2985.280,3000.743,50.126

0007,,2982.485,2999.241,49.952

0008,,2979.191,2997.755,50.189

0009,,2976.326,2996.025,50.000

0010,,2972.860,2994.699,50.226

0011,,2970.901,2993.844,49.801

0012,,2967.641,2992.360,49.504

0013,,2964.651,2990.990,49.124

0014,,2965.027,2990.590,49.346

0015,,2958.652,2988.146,49.318

0016,,2955.299,2986.770,49.132

0017,,2952.170,2985.270,48.963

0018,,2958.201,2969.906,49.531

0019,,2966.298,2973.598,48.873

0020,,2969.239,2975.090,49.134

0021,,2977.275,2978.796,48.900

0022,,2980.344,2980.110,50.079

0023,,2988.462,2983.766,52.539

0024,,2991.386,2985.136,50.619

0025,,2999.517,2988.917,50.098

0026,,3002.362,2982.997,50.089

0027,,3004.199,2997.752,51.004

0028,,3008.229,2968.580,49.930

0029,,3008.987,2966.757,49.924

0030,,3018.510,2946.181,49.607

0031,,2999.310,3006.845,50.038

0032,,3001.092,3002.989,49.959

0033,,3046.335,3023.840,49.483

0034,,2990.779,2998.665,49.744

0035,,2993.872,2991.726,49.776

0036,,2977.482,2984.139,50.104

0037,,2975.717,2983.324,50.965

0038,,2957.116,2974.757,51.404

0,,1000.000,2000.000,60.000

1,,1008.397,1983.268,57.847

2,,1003.049,1990.302,59.472

3,,0992.941,2003.981,59.843

4,,0986.342,2013.819,59.585

5,,0983.338,2016.889,58.184

6,,0979.916,2012.361,59.619

7,,0974.813,2028.520,59.461

8,,0971.570,2032.615,61.121

9,,0964.995,2042.832,59.103

10,,0974.967,2040.748,59.815

11,,0978.033,2036.227,59.786

12,,0981.979,2031.034,59.758

13,,0993.538,2017.240,59.548

14,,0993.862,2015.678,59.626

15,,0994.988,2014.259,59.640

16,,0998.847,2010.257,59.500

17,,1003.345,2013.472,58.101

18,,1004.228,2012.406,59.510

19,,1006.413,2013.994,59.535

20,,1013.376,2019.205,59.523

21,,1021.059,2024.894,58.032

22,,1027.956,2030.118,59.614

23,,1030.154,2031.716,59.579

24,,1034.256,2035.374,58.154

25,,1044.058,2022.307,59.157

26,,1038.942,2017.320,59.567

27,,1039.796,2016.129,59.403

28,,1036.387,2015.366,59.582

29,,1033.528,2013.319,58.692

30,,1030.948,2011.251,59.567

31,,1028.137,2009.232,59.566

32,,1026.075,2007.669,59.577

33,,1023.332,2005.508,59.386

34,,1020.750,2003.697,59.062

35,,1017.803,2001.484,59.025

36,,1015.325,1999.563,59.068

37,,1012.543,1997.474,59.749

38,,1010.551,1994.147,59.599

39,,1015.990,1986.767,59.711

40,,1021.517,1977.940,60.090

41,,1024.688,1974.886,60.144

42,,1010.898,1981.288,59.785

43,,1011.259,1983.633,59.854

44,,1004.560,1992.547,59.825

45,,1003.587,1991.645,59.788

46,,1001.811,1993.378,59.788

47,,1003.417,1994.455,59.847

48,,0996.284,2000.925,59.814

49,,0997.655,2002.020,59.842

50,,0994.055,2004.153,59.796

51,,0995.426,2005.180,59.833

52,,0985.280,2018.816,59.922

53,,0983.765,2017.773,59.854

54,,0983.961,2020.847,59.914

55,,0965.595,2045.510,59.903

56,,0963.650,2048.272,59.841

57,,0947.776,2070.103,59.367

58,,1002.224,2005.537,59.802

59,,1007.374,1998.687,59.757

00,,2000.000,2000.000,30.000

01,,2500.000,2500.000,10.000

02,,2009.349,2010.675,22.800

03,,2007.697,2009.578,21.852

04,,2002.781,2019.611,22.818

05,,2001.191,2018.603,22.312

06,,1997.930,2023.153,22.829

07,,1997.667,2021.085,22.522

08,,2014.575,2035.433,22.488

09,,2016.496,2029.584,22.561

10,,2018.135,2030.901,21.339

11,,1984.260,2026.634,22.090

12,,1983.480,2028.641,21.598

13,,1990.598,2031.073,22.140

14,,1998.569,2013.090,22.199

15,,2001.816,2011.421,22.167

16,,1973.276,1999.105,22.211

17,,1972.305,2000.556,22.297

18,,1966.939,1997.788,22.359

19,,1961.769,1991.201,23.004

20,,1963.541,2017.692,21.030

21,,1973.895,1998.005,24.710

22,,1976.873,1991.052,29.548

23,,1967.381,1987.657,28.592

24,,2012.517,2007.327,29.609

25,,2009.418,2014.707,27.504

26,,2010.360,2012.658,27.543

27,,2012.503,2013.678,27.546

28,,2011.597,2015.695,27.496

29,,2014.876,2008.044,30.080

30,,2012.878,2006.949,30.102

31,,2011.338,2052.554,28.450

32,,2002.694,2053.192,28.510

33,,2015.725,2021.031,28.526

34,,2014.178,2020.468,28.465

35,,2017.480,2012.760,28.520

36,,2018.975,2013.396,28.514

37,,2020.756,2009.027,29.906

38,,2019.310,2008.491,29.941

39,,2006.638,1997.611,30.163

40,,2017.779,2002.277,30.068

41,,2021.422,2003.530,29.951

42,,2026.126,2007.397,30.035

43,,2034.238,2010.736,30.085

44,,2037.373,2016.422,29.676

45,,2009.330,1990.896,29.930

46,,2010.250,1988.753,29.990

47,,2011.137,1989.160,29.967

48,,2016.419,1973.477,29.997

49,,2020.714,1960.326,30.017

50,,2022.627,1958.151,30.004

51,,2025.327,1951.406,28.329

52,,2002.505,1996.437,29.840

53,,1993.734,1992.372,29.777

54,,2004.249,1966.623,29.897

55,,2012.412,1946.346,28.445

56,,2009.639,1945.150,28.128

57,,2007.540,1952.345,29.419

58,,2007.371,1948.124,29.837

59,,2005.166,1958.565,29.893

60,,2002.871,1961.602,29.924

61,,2000.372,1967.930,28.494

62,,1997.550,1974.645,29.959

63,,1994.952,1980.934,30.236

64,,2004.843,1965.041,29.283

65,,1993.730,1985.842,29.963

66,,1991.546,1991.291,29.735

67,,1979.535,1986.006,29.784

68,,1985.410,1981.048,30.083

0,,1000.000,1000.000,50.000

1,,1000.000,1005.000,51.900

2,,0999.845,1011.053,49.747

3,,1009.486,1024.164,48.948

4,,1009.975,1020.388,48.848

5,,1009.896,1023.659,48.940

6,,1006.805,1023.488,48.962

7,,1006.423,1023.227,49.690

8,,1003.498,1022.472,50.313

9,,1000.390,1021.649,48.251

10,,0997.488,1020.882,49.852

11,,0996.251,1020.618,50.731

12,,0994.477,1019.768,49.750

13,,0991.599,1018.661,49.808

14,,0997.118,1004.867,50.171

15,,1010.433,1017.458,48.315

16,,1012.744,1017.652,47.921

17,,1012.946,1007.238,48.395

18,,1010.442,1007.475,48.290

19,,1012.835,1005.328,48.077

20,,1010.430,1005.284,48.302

21,,1010.506,0994.189,48.373

22,,1012.762,0994.172,48.213

23,,1006.494,0990.992,48.262

24,,1006.547,0988.642,48.292

25,,1006.411,0985.294,49.890

26,,1006.464,0985.270,49.892

27,,1005.717,0985.192,48.385

28,,1005.797,0983.028,48.391

29,,1002.428,0982.242,51.525

30,,1002.415,0988.437,49.952

31,,1002.356,0990.925,49.908

32,,0999.745,0988.358,50.071

33,,0997.703,0985.007,50.167

34,,0997.614,0982.472,50.427

35,,1000.072,0982.143,52.943

36,,1000.240,0979.799,52.966

37,,1002.621,0979.832,53.125

38,,1002.517,0982.168,53.106

39,,1016.529,0985.780,49.429

40,,1016.573,0997.524,48.421

41,,1020.034,0997.582,48.847

42,,1020.094,1001.303,48.658

43,,1016.570,1001.615,48.854

44,,1016.588,1004.996,48.217

45,,1016.615,1007.336,48.311

46,,1018.061,1007.278,48.309

47,,1016.608,1010.607,47.441

48,,1016.616,1014.845,47.561

49,,1020.126,1014.714,47.035

50,,1016.613,1018.168,48.690

51,,1016.612,1020.510,47.884

52,,1018.116,1020.454,48.547

53,,1014.765,1020.380,47.517

54,,1007.440,1018.965,48.130

55,,1009.228,1018.936,48.134

56,,1009.193,1020.368,48.739

57,,1007.256,1020.423,48.751

1,,3050.000,3050.000,50.000

2,,3000.000,3000.000,50.000

3,,3015.719,3030.348,50.544

4,,3037.165,3047.023,50.172

5,,3038.035,3046.158,50.042

6