IAS 41 AgricultureWord文档下载推荐.docx

IAS 41 AgricultureWord文档下载推荐.docx

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Thereisapresumptionthatfairvaluecanbemeasuredreliablyforabiologicalasset.However,thatpresumptioncanberebuttedonlyoninitialrecognitionforabiologicalassetforwhichmarket-determinedpricesorvaluesarenotavailableandforwhichalternativeestimatesoffairvaluearedeterminedtobeclearlyunreliable.Insuchacase,IAS41requiresanenterprisetomeasurethatbiologicalassetatitscostlessanyaccumulateddepreciationandanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses.Oncethefairvalueofsuchabiologicalassetbecomesreliablymeasurable,anenterpriseshouldmeasureitatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecosts.Inallcases,anenterpriseshouldmeasureagriculturalproduceatthepointofharvestatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecosts.

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IAS41requiresthatachangeinfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsofabiologicalassetbeincludedinnetprofitorlossfortheperiodinwhichitarises.Inagriculturalactivity,achangeinphysicalattributesofalivinganimalorplantdirectlyenhancesordiminisheseconomicbenefitstotheenterprise.Underatransaction-based,historicalcostaccountingmodel,aplantationforestryenterprisemightreportnoincomeuntilfirstharvestandsale,perhaps30yearsafterplanting.Ontheotherhand,anaccountingmodelthatrecognisesandmeasuresbiologicalgrowthusingcurrentfairvaluesreportschangesinfairvaluethroughouttheperiodbetweenplantingandharvest.

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IAS41doesnotestablishanynewprinciplesforlandrelatedtoagriculturalactivity.Instead,anenterprisefollowsIAS16,Property,PlantandEquipment,orIAS40,InvestmentProperty,dependingonwhichstandardisappropriateinthecircumstances.IAS16requireslandtobemeasuredeitheratitscostlessanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses,oratarevaluedamount.IAS40requireslandthatisinvestmentpropertytobemeasuredatitsfairvalue,orcostlessanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses.Biologicalassetsthatarephysicallyattachedtoland（forexample,treesinaplantationforest）aremeasuredattheirfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsseparatelyfromtheland.

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IAS41requiresthatanunconditionalgovernmentgrantrelatedtoabiologicalassetmeasuredatitsfairvaluelessestimatedpoint-of-salecostsberecognisedasincomewhen,andonlywhen,thegovernmentgrantbecomesreceivable.Ifagovernmentgrantisconditional,includingwhereagovernmentgrantrequiresanenterprisenottoengageinspecifiedagriculturalactivity,anenterpriseshouldrecognisethegovernmentgrantasincomewhen,andonlywhen,theconditionsattachingtothegovernmentgrantaremet.Ifagovernmentgrantrelatestoabiologicalassetmeasuredatitscostlessanyaccumulateddepreciationandanyaccumulatedimpairmentlosses,IAS20,AccountingforGovernmentGrantsandDisclosureofGovernmentAssistance,isapplied.

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IAS41iseffectiveforannualfinancialstatementscoveringperiodsbeginningonorafter1January2003.Earlierapplicationisencouraged.

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IAS41doesnotestablishanyspecifictransitionalprovisions.TheadoptionofIAS41isaccountedforinaccordancewithIAS8,NetProfitorLossforthePeriod,FundamentalErrorsandChangesinAccountingPolicies.

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AppendixAprovidesillustrativeexamplesoftheapplicationofIAS41.AppendixB,BasisforConclusions,summarisestheBoard'

sreasonsforadoptingtherequirementssetoutinIAS41.

InternationalAccountingStandard41Agriculture（IAS41）issetoutinparagraphs1-59andAppendixA.AlltheparagraphshaveequalauthoritybutretaintheIASCformatoftheStandardwhenitwasadoptedbytheIASB.IAS41shouldbereadinthecontextofitsobjectiveandtheBasisforConclusions,thePrefacetoInternationalFinancialReportingStandardsandtheFrameworkforthePreparationandPresentationofFinancialStatements.Theseprovideabasisforselectingandapplyingaccountingpoliciesintheabsenceofexplicitguidance.

Objective

TheobjectiveofthisStandardistoprescribetheaccountingtreatment,financialstatementpresentation,anddisclosuresrelatedtoagriculturalactivity.

Scope

1.ThisStandardshouldbeappliedtoaccountforthefollowingwhentheyrelatetoagriculturalactivity:

（a）biologicalassets;

（b）agriculturalproduceatthepointofharvest;

and

（c）governmentgrantscoveredbyparagraphs34-35.

2.ThisStandarddoesnotapplyto:

（a）landrelatedtoagriculturalactivity（seeIAS16,Property,PlantandEquipment,andIAS40,InvestmentProperty）;

and

（b）intangibleassetsrelatedtoagriculturalactivity（seeIAS38,IntangibleAssets）.

3.ThisStandardisappliedtoagriculturalproduce,whichistheharvestedproductoftheenterprise'

sbiologicalassets,onlyatthepointofharvest.Thereafter,IAS2,Inventories,oranotherapplicableInternationalAccountingStandardisapplied.Accordingly,thisStandarddoesnotdealwiththeprocessingofagriculturalproduceafterharvest;

forexample,theprocessingofgrapesintowinebyavintnerwhohasgrownthegrapes.Whilesuchprocessingmaybealogicalandnaturalextensionofagriculturalactivity,andtheeventstakingplacemaybearsomesimilaritytobiologicaltransformation,suchprocessingisnotincludedwithinthedefinitionofagriculturalactivityinthisStandard.

4.Thetablebelowprovidesexamplesofbiologicalassets,agriculturalproduce,andproductsthataretheresultofprocessingafterharvest:

Biologicalassets

Agriculturalproduce

Productsthataretheresultofprocessingafterharvest

Sheep

Wool

Yarn,carpet

Treesinaplantationforest

Logs

Lumber

Plants

Cotton

Thread,clothing

Harvestedcane

Sugar

Dairycattle

Milk

Cheese

Pigs

Carcass

Sausages,curedhams

Bushes

Leaf

Tea,curedtobacco

Vines

Grapes

Wine

Fruittrees

Pickedfruit

Processedfruit

Definitions

Agriculture-RelatedDefinitions

5.ThefollowingtermsareusedinthisStandardwiththemeaningsspecified:

Agriculturalactivityisthemanagementbyanenterpriseofthebiologicaltransformationofbiologicalassetsforsale,intoagriculturalproduce,orintoadditionalbiologicalassets.

Agriculturalproduceistheharvestedproductoftheenterprise'

sbiologicalassets.

Abiologicalassetisalivinganimalorplant.

Biologicaltransformationcomprisestheprocessesofgrowth,degeneration,production,andprocreationthatcausequalitativeorquantitativechangesinabiologicalasset.

Agroupofbiologicalassetsisanaggregationofsimilarlivinganimalsorplants.

Harvestisthedetachmentofproducefromabiologicalassetorthecessationofabiologicalasset'

slifeprocesses.

6.Agriculturalactivitycoversadiverserangeofactivities;

forexample,raisinglivestock,forestry,annualorperennialcropping,cultivatingorchardsandplantations,floriculture,andaquaculture（includingfishfarming）.Certaincommonfeaturesexistwithinthisdiversity:

（a）Capabilitytochange.Livinganimalsandplantsarecapableofbiologicaltransformation;

（b）Managementofchange.Managementfacilitatesbiologicaltransformationbyenhancing,oratleaststabilising,conditionsnecessaryfortheprocesstotakeplace（forexample,nutrientlevels,moisture,temperature,fertility,andlight）.Suchmanagementdistinguishesagriculturalactivityfromotheractivities.Forexample,harvestingfromunmanagedsources（suchasoceanfishinganddeforestation）isnotagriculturalactivity;

（c）Measurementofchange.Thechangeinquality（forexample,geneticmerit,density,ripeness,fatcover,proteincontent,andfibrestrength）orquantity（forexample,progeny,weight,cubicmetres,fibrelengthordiameter,andnumberofbuds）broughtaboutbybiologicaltransformationismeasuredandmonitoredasaroutinemanagementfunction.

7.Biologicaltransformationresultsinthefollowingtypesofoutcomes:

（a）assetchangesthrough（i）growth（anincreaseinquantityorimprovementinqualityofananimalorplant）;

（ii）degeneration（adecreaseinthequantityordeteriorationinqualityofananimalorplant）;

or（iii）procreation（creationofadditionallivinganimalsorplants）;

or

（b）productionofagriculturalproducesuchaslatex,tealeaf,wool,andmilk.

GeneralDefinitions

8.ThefollowingtermsareusedinthisStandardwiththemeaningsspecified:

Anactivemarketisamarketwhereallthefollowingconditionsexist:

（a）theitemstradedwithinthemarketarehomogeneous;

（b）willingbuyersandsellerscannormallybefoundatanytime;

（c）pricesareavailabletothepublic.

Carrying